First Record of Telenomus dilophonotae (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), Parasitizing Eggs of Erinnyis ello (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in Western Paraná, Brazil, with Molecular Characterization and Records of Occurrences.

There are few records for Telenomus dilophonotae Cameron, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from South America. In Brazil, the first occurrence was reported in Bahia in rubber crops, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. - Arg., there parasitizing eggs of Erinnyis ello Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). It was also found parasitizing the same host in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae). This is the first record of occurrence of T. dilophonotae in the state of Paraná, parasitizing eggs of E. ello in areas of cassava production in the western region of Paraná, this being the southernmost record of the species. Here, photographs, the first sequence of DNA barcode of this species of parasitoid wasp, and a distribution map are provided.

Horismenus saturnus n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) a New Parasitoid Wasp from Eggs of Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) from the Atlantic Forest, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

A new species of Horismenus Walker, H. saturnus Schoeninger & Hansson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is described from material reared from eggs of an unidentified species of Saturniidae (Lepidoptera). The new species is compared to H. cupreus (Ashmead, 1894), a species it is very similar to, and to H. ancillus (Brèthes), a species with the same type of host as H. saturnus. A total of 30 adult specimens developed from the eggs of Saturniidae. This is the second record of a Horismenus species parasitizing eggs of Saturniidae and the first record of this host from Brazil. Here, we provide a diagnosis and description of the new species including morphological and molecular characters, and multiple illustrations.

New species of Hexacladia Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

ABSTRACT The rice stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a significant pest of rice cultivation in Brazil and attacks plants during both vegetative and reproductive phases. Natural enemy surveys conducted in plantations located in Arari, Miranda do Norte, Matões do Norte, Santa Rita, and Viana (state of Maranhão, Brazil) led to the discovery of a new species of parasitoid, which is described in this study. Hexacladia lemosae Costa, Noyes & Machado sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the first species of its genus associated with T. limbativentris and develops as a gregarious endoparasitoid in adult stink bugs, occasionally in nymphs. The parasitoid emerges from the host while host is still alive.

Taxonomy and Biological Control: New Challenges in an Old Relationship.

Biological control and taxonomy are continuously developing fields with remarkable impacts on society. At least 80 years of literature have documented this relationship, which remains essentially the same in its mutualistic nature, as well as in its major challenges. From the perspective of Brazilian taxonomists, we discuss the impacts of important scientific and social developments that directly affect research in these areas, posing new challenges for this lasting relationship. The increasing restrictions and concerns regarding the international transit of organisms require improvements in research related to risk assessment for exotic biological control agents and also stimulate prospecting within the native biota. In our view, this is a positive situation that can foster a closer relationship between taxonomists and applied entomologists, as well as local surveys and taxonomic studies that are necessary before new programs and agents can be implemented. We discuss the essential role of molecular biology in this context, as an iconic example of the synergy between applied sciences and natural history. As our society comes to need safer and more sustainable solutions for food security and the biodiversity crisis, scientific progress will build upon this integration, where biological control and taxonomy play an essential role.

A new interaction in an invasive plant in Brazil: Horismenus abnormicaulis (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) parasitizing Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) in seeds pods of Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae)

ABSTRACT The parasitism of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) by the parasitoid Horismenus abnormicaulis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is described for the first time. We harvested 90 Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) fruit pods, in June 2019 on the campus of the Federal University of Lavras in the municipality of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found 21 individuals of H. abnormicaulis and 334 of A. macrophthalmus. The presence of cephalic capsule of beetle's pupa and evidence of predation into seed pods from which the wasps emerged suggested H. abnormicaulis is a parasitoid of A. macrophthalmus. Horismenus abnormicaulis has been added to the list of A. macrophthalmus parasitoids, and its occurrence has been expanded to the state of Minas Gerais. This discovery expands our knowledge of H. abnormicaulis biology and distribution in Brazil, as well as the tri-trophic interaction, plant-herbivore-parasitoid in invasive plant systems.

Thermal Requirements of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Telenomus podisi (Hym.: Platygastridae) Parasitizing Euschistus heros Eggs (Hem.: Pentatomidae).

Temperature is one of the abiotic factors that strongly influences the biology and behavior of insects. In this study, we assessed the development of egg parasitoids Ooencyrtus submetallicus and Telenomus podisi parasitizing Euschistus heros eggs at different temperatures, and estimated the average number of generations for seven representative soybean-producing regions in Brazil. A comparative biology study was conducted, where the percentage of parasitism and emergence, life cycle duration (egg-adult), and longevity were found to be similar between O. submetallicus and T. podisi. The sex ratio and the number of individuals emerged from parasitized egg were higher in O. submetallicus in all regions. In the study of thermal requirements, temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 33 °C were tested. O. submetallicus and T. podisi developed at temperatures between 16 and 31 °C. The base temperature (Tb) for O. submetallicus and T. podisi was 9.3 and 6.7 °C, respectively; the thermal constant (K) was 336.9 and 272.7 degree-days, respectively. The estimated average number of annual generations of both parasitoids was higher than the host. O. submetallicus and T. podisi have the same ability to parasitize and develop in eggs of E. heros under the conditions studied. Both parasitoids exhibited satisfactory development and parasitism at temperatures between 19 and 31 °C. The development of both parasitoids was faster than their host, and the number of generations was higher for the seven studied localities.

Integrative Techniques Confirms the Presence of Bemisia tabaci Parasitoids: Encarsia formosa, Encarsia porteri and Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Soybean and Tomatoes in South Brazil.

Parasitoid wasps from the Aphelinidae family (Hymenoptera) are important control agents of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) cryptic species, both through reproduction and feeding processes. Identifying native parasitoid species within agricultural systems affected by Bemisia whitefly species is the first step to developing guidelines for the creation and release of biological control agents aiming at this highly damaging pest species complex. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and molecular characters, respectively, confirmed the occurrence of Encarsia formosa (Gahan, 1924) in greenhouse tomatoes from Santa Maria, Encarsia porteri (Mercet, 1928) in open-field soybean from Santa Maria, and Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, 1931 in greenhouse tomatoes from São José do Hortêncio, all within Rio Grande do Sul state (South Brazil). This is the first report of En. formosa, En. porteri and Er. mundus parasitising B. tabaci in South Brazil, and the first En. porteri partial mtCOI gene sequence being reported and characterised. The high temperature inside the tomato greenhouses can be a possible cause for the predominance of Er. mundus in São José do Hortêncio, and sex ratios in the surveyed populations point to female and male prevalence within Encarsia and Eretmocerus genera, respectively. The combined use of taxonomic and molecular characterisation highlights the importance of combining both morphological and molecular approaches in the assessment of previously unidentified whitefly parasitoids.

Annotated checklist and illustrated key to parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae, Eulophidae and Pteromalidae) of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil.

The hymenopteran parasitoids of pest species of Tephritidae in Brazil are best known by their most prominent species, members of Braconidae and Figitidae. Species in the less-studied families Diapriidae, Eulophidae and Pteromalidae, which are mostly pupal parasitoids, have been largely neglected and the literature on these groups is sparse and scattered. Therefore, their importance as natural enemies of fruit flies is likely underestimated. Here, we present a parasitoid-host-plant checklist of all diapriids, eulophids and pteromalids that parasitize fruit flies of economic importance in Brazil, namely Anastrepha species and Ceratitis capitata. A compilation of information of the seven species of these parasitoids occurring in Brazil-Coptera haywardi Loiácono and Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Diapriidae), Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia endius Walker, S. gemina Boucek and S. simplex Perkins (Pteromalidae)-including their taxonomic status, general biology, and potential as biocontrol agents, is presented. Additionally, we provide an illustrated key to species, aiming to highlight key morphological features and facilitate identification at species level, stimulating future research on these groups.

Occurrence of Phelypera griseofasciata and its parasitism in munguba in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro / Ocorrência de Phelypera griseofasciata e seu parasitismo em munguba em Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro

Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), known as munguba, is cultivated for afforestation of many Brazilian cities. In Seropédica campus of UFRRJ, it was observed the defoliation of one specimen of Pachira aquatica with presence of larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae of beetle of the subfamily Hyperinae, which were reared in laboratory until the emergence of the adults; these insects were identified as belonging to the species Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These immature forms (n=86) were again collected in this same specimen and reared in laboratory to verify the occurrence of parasitism. It was obtained 128 adults of Jaliscoa nudipennis Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsible for 44.2% of total parasitism. The sex ratio was 0.70, so the highest number of offspring was of females. Intersexual and intrasexual dimorphisms were also observed in J. nudipennis regarding the shape of the head and characteristics of the wings. This study is the first record of both insect species associated with Pachira aquatica in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.(AU)

Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), conhecida como munguba, é cultivada para arborização de muitas cidades brasileiras. No campus de Seropédica da UFRRJ, observou-se o desfolhamento de um espécime de Pachira aquatica, com a presença de larvas, pré-pupas e pupas de besouro da subfamília Hyperinae, que foram criadas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos; esses insetos foram identificados como pertencentes à espécie Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Essas formas imaturas (n=86) foram novamente coletadas nesse mesmo espécime e criadas em laboratório para verificar a ocorrência de parasitismo. Foram obtidos 128 adultos de Jaliscoa nudipennis Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsáveis por 44,2% do parasitismo total. A razão sexual foi de 0,70, portanto, o maior número de descendentes foi de fêmeas. Observaram-se ainda os dimorfismos inter e intrasexuais em J. nudipennis quanto ao formato da cabeça e às características das asas. Este estudo trata-se do primeiro registro de ambas as espécies de insetos associadas a Pachira aquatica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.(AU)

Pupal parasitoids associated with Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a semiarid environment in Brazil

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests that affect the fruit-growing worldwide. In the northeastern Brazil, where a semiarid climate predominates and the production of tropical fruits for export is concentrated, some fruit flies, including Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are considered pests due to economic damage and quarantine restrictions. In several parts of the world, fruit fly population regulation is carried out with the support of hymenopteran parasitoids. In Brazil, some information exists about larval parasitoids of fruit flies, but little is known about pupal parasitoids of these tephritids, especially in Brazilian semiarid environments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the pupal parasitoids associated with C. capitata in a semiarid environment in Brazil. The parasitoid survey was carried out in a semiarid region in the states of Rio do Norte and Ceará. To obtain the parasitoids, pupae (sentinels) of C. capitata from the laboratory, Applied Entomology Laboratory of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, were exposed to natural parasitism in the field. Six parasitoid (Hymenoptera) species were obtained: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia simplex Perkins, Spalangia gemina Boucek, Spalangia leiopleura Gibson, and Spalangia impunctata Howard (Pteromalidae); Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Diapriidae). These are the first records of pupal parasitoids associated with the fruit fly C. capitata in Brazil.

Occurrence of Phelypera griseofasciata and its parasitism in munguba in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro / Ocorrência de Phelypera griseofasciata e seu parasitismo em munguba em Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro

Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), known as munguba, is cultivated for afforestation of many Brazilian cities. In Seropédica campus of UFRRJ, it was observed the defoliation of one specimen of Pachira aquatica with presence of larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae of beetle of the subfamily Hyperinae, which were reared in laboratory until the emergence of the adults; these insects were identified as belonging to the species Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These immature forms (n=86) were again collected in this same specimen and reared in laboratory to verify the occurrence of parasitism. It was obtained 128 adults of Jaliscoa nudipennis Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsible for 44.2% of total parasitism. The sex ratio was 0.70, so the highest number of offspring was of females. Intersexual and intrasexual dimorphisms were also observed in J. nudipennis regarding the shape of the head and characteristics of the wings. This study is the first record of both insect species associated with Pachira aquatica in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.(AU)

Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), conhecida como munguba, é cultivada para arborização de muitas cidades brasileiras. No campus de Seropédica da UFRRJ, observou-se o desfolhamento de um espécime de Pachira aquatica, com a presença de larvas, pré-pupas e pupas de besouro da subfamília Hyperinae, que foram criadas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos; esses insetos foram identificados como pertencentes à espécie Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Essas formas imaturas (n=86) foram novamente coletadas nesse mesmo espécime e criadas em laboratório para verificar a ocorrência de parasitismo. Foram obtidos 128 adultos de Jaliscoa nudipennis Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsáveis por 44,2% do parasitismo total. A razão sexual foi de 0,70, portanto, o maior número de descendentes foi de fêmeas. Observaram-se ainda os dimorfismos inter e intrasexuais em J. nudipennis quanto ao formato da cabeça e às características das asas. Este estudo trata-se do primeiro registro de ambas as espécies de insetos associadas a Pachira aquatica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.(AU)

Syntomopus parisii and Leptomeraporus sp. parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae in Brazil / Syntomopus parisii e Leptomeraporus sp. parasitando Melanagromyza sojae no Brasil

This note is the first report of Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 and Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) simultaneously parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Brazil. The Pteromalidae parasitoids are natural enemies of stem miner flies, opening perspectives for biological control of soybean stem miner fly.

Esta nota é o primeiro registro de Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 e Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) parasitando simultaneamente Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) no Brasil. Os parasitoides Pteromalidae são inimigos naturais de moscas minadoras do caule, abrindo perspectivas para o controle biológico da mosca minadora do caule da soja.

Syntomopus parisii and Leptomeraporus sp. parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae in Brazil / Syntomopus parisii e Leptomeraporus sp. parasitando Melanagromyza sojae no Brasil

This note is the first report of Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 and Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) simultaneously parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Brazil. The Pteromalidae parasitoids are natural enemies of stem miner flies, opening perspectives for biological control of soybean stem miner fly.(AU)

Esta nota é o primeiro registro de Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 e Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) parasitando simultaneamente Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) no Brasil. Os parasitoides Pteromalidae são inimigos naturais de moscas minadoras do caule, abrindo perspectivas para o controle biológico da mosca minadora do caule da soja.(AU)

Syntomopus parisii and Leptomeraporus sp. parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae in Brazil / Syntomopus parisii e Leptomeraporus sp. parasitando Melanagromyza sojae no Brasil

ABSTRACT: This note is the first report of Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 and Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) simultaneously parasitizing Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Brazil. The Pteromalidae parasitoids are natural enemies of stem miner flies, opening perspectives for biological control of soybean stem miner fly.

RESUMO: Esta nota é o primeiro registro de Syntomopus parisii De Santis 1976 e Leptomeraporus sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) parasitando simultaneamente Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner, 1900 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) no Brasil. Os parasitoides Pteromalidae são inimigos naturais de moscas minadoras do caule, abrindo perspectivas para o controle biológico da mosca minadora do caule da soja.

Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitizing Planococcus citri on vine in Brazil / Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitando Planococcus citri em videira no Brasil

From those of the mealybug family, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is frequently held responsible for various diseases occurring in vineyards. This is a first time report in Brazil, on the occurrence of a parasitoid controlling P. citri . In our search for the natural enemies of P. citri , bunches of grapes with the vine were collected every week for one month, in those regions where table grapes were produced, like Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In these samples, among the natural pest infestations Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the only natural enemy species reported. In this research, we attempted to study the potential of parasitism as well as the strategies that this natural agent uses in pest control.(AU)

As cochonilhas-farinhentas, dentre elas Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), são apontadas como responsáveis por ocasionar problemas fitossanitários na cultura da videira. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de um parasitoide no controle de P. citri . Para prospecção de inimigos naturais associados a P. citri , foram realizadas coletas de cachos de uvas infestados por essa cochonilha-farinhenta, semanalmente, durante o período de um mês, em áreas de produção de uvas finas de mesa, com infestação natural da praga, no município de Petrolina-PE. Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), foi a única espécie de inimigo natural obtida. A partir desse registro, pretende-se estudar o seu potencial de parasitismo, bem como as estratégias de uso desse agente de controle natural.(AU)

Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitizing Planococcus citri on vine in Brazil / Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitando Planococcus citri em videira no Brasil

From those of the mealybug family, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is frequently held responsible for various diseases occurring in vineyards. This is a first time report in Brazil, on the occurrence of a parasitoid controlling P. citri . In our search for the natural enemies of P. citri , bunches of grapes with the vine were collected every week for one month, in those regions where table grapes were produced, like Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In these samples, among the natural pest infestations Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the only natural enemy species reported. In this research, we attempted to study the potential of parasitism as well as the strategies that this natural agent uses in pest control.

As cochonilhas-farinhentas, dentre elas Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), são apontadas como responsáveis por ocasionar problemas fitossanitários na cultura da videira. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de um parasitoide no controle de P. citri . Para prospecção de inimigos naturais associados a P. citri , foram realizadas coletas de cachos de uvas infestados por essa cochonilha-farinhenta, semanalmente, durante o período de um mês, em áreas de produção de uvas finas de mesa, com infestação natural da praga, no município de Petrolina-PE. Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), foi a única espécie de inimigo natural obtida. A partir desse registro, pretende-se estudar o seu potencial de parasitismo, bem como as estratégias de uso desse agente de controle natural.

Natural parasitism of Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Euschistus heros (F. ) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): new record from Mato Grosso State, Brazil / Parasitismo natural de Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) sobre Euschistus heros (F. ) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): novo registro no estado do Mato Grosso

The neotropical stink brown bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an insect pest to soybean crops in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In this region, synthetic insecticides are frequently used for insect control. An alternative to the indiscriminate use of insecticides is the biological control with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct the survey of parasitoids that use E. heros adults as hosts. Random samples were conducted during the harvests of 2009/10 and 2010/11 in two farms that produce soybean (conventional system) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The total number of collected E. heros was: 297 (Field 1) and 293 (Field 2) in 2009/10 and 295 (Field 1) and 376 (Field 2) in 2010/11. Of these, 1.50 (Field 1) and 13.99% (Field 2) were parasitized in 2009/10 and 8.47 (Field 1) and 7.45% (Field 2) in 2010/11. The parasitoids found were Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in both fields. This is the first record of parasitism in E. heros adults in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.(AU)

O percevejo marrom, Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), é um inseto praga na cultura da soja no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Nesta região, inseticidas sintéticos são frequentemente utilizados ao controle de insetos. Uma alternativa para o uso indiscriminado de inseticidas é o controle biológico com parasitoides. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento dos parasitoides que utilizam adultos de E. heros como hospedeiros. Para isso, amostras aleatórias foram conduzidas durante as safras de 2009/10 e 2010/11, em duas fazendas produtoras de soja (sistema convencional) em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O número total de E. heros coletados foi: 297 (Área 1) e 293 (Área 2) em 2009/10 e 295 (Área 1) e 376 (Área 2) em 2010/11. Destes percevejos 1,50 (Área 1) e 13,99% (Área 2) encontravam-se parasitados em 2009/10 e 8,47 (Área 1) e 7,45% (Área 2) em 2010/11. Nas duas áreas, o parasitoide encontrado foi Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Este é o primeiro registro de parasitismo em adultos de E. heros no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil.(AU)

Natural parasitism of Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Euschistus heros (F. ) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): new record from Mato Grosso State, Brazil / Parasitismo natural de Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) sobre Euschistus heros (F. ) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): novo registro no estado do Mato Grosso

The neotropical stink brown bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an insect pest to soybean crops in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In this region, synthetic insecticides are frequently used for insect control. An alternative to the indiscriminate use of insecticides is the biological control with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct the survey of parasitoids that use E. heros adults as hosts. Random samples were conducted during the harvests of 2009/10 and 2010/11 in two farms that produce soybean (conventional system) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The total number of collected E. heros was: 297 (Field 1) and 293 (Field 2) in 2009/10 and 295 (Field 1) and 376 (Field 2) in 2010/11. Of these, 1.50 (Field 1) and 13.99% (Field 2) were parasitized in 2009/10 and 8.47 (Field 1) and 7.45% (Field 2) in 2010/11. The parasitoids found were Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in both fields. This is the first record of parasitism in E. heros adults in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

O percevejo marrom, Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), é um inseto praga na cultura da soja no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Nesta região, inseticidas sintéticos são frequentemente utilizados ao controle de insetos. Uma alternativa para o uso indiscriminado de inseticidas é o controle biológico com parasitoides. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento dos parasitoides que utilizam adultos de E. heros como hospedeiros. Para isso, amostras aleatórias foram conduzidas durante as safras de 2009/10 e 2010/11, em duas fazendas produtoras de soja (sistema convencional) em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O número total de E. heros coletados foi: 297 (Área 1) e 293 (Área 2) em 2009/10 e 295 (Área 1) e 376 (Área 2) em 2010/11. Destes percevejos 1,50 (Área 1) e 13,99% (Área 2) encontravam-se parasitados em 2009/10 e 8,47 (Área 1) e 7,45% (Área 2) em 2010/11. Nas duas áreas, o parasitoide encontrado foi Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Este é o primeiro registro de parasitismo em adultos de E. heros no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil.

Natural parasitism of Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): new record from Mato Grosso State, Brazil

The neotropical stink brown bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an insect pest to soybean crops in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In this region, synthetic insecticides are frequently used for insect control. An alternative to the indiscriminate use of insecticides is the biological control with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct the survey of parasitoids that use E. heros adults as hosts. Random samples were conducted during the harvests of 2009/10 and 2010/11 in two farms that produce soybean (conventional system) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The total number of collected E. heros was: 297 (Field 1) and 293 (Field 2) in 2009/10 and 295 (Field 1) and 376 (Field 2) in 2010/11. Of these, 1.50 (Field 1) and 13.99% (Field 2) were parasitized in 2009/10 and 8.47 (Field 1) and 7.45% (Field 2) in 2010/11. The parasitoids found were Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in both fields. This is the first record of parasitism in E. heros adults in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

RESUMO O percevejo marrom, Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), é um inseto praga na cultura da soja no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Nesta região, inseticidas sintéticos são frequentemente utilizados ao controle de insetos. Uma alternativa para o uso indiscriminado de inseticidas é o controle biológico com parasitoides. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento dos parasitoides que utilizam adultos de E. heros como hospedeiros. Para isso, amostras aleatórias foram conduzidas durante as safras de 2009/10 e 2010/11, em duas fazendas produtoras de soja (sistema convencional) em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O número total de E. heros coletados foi: 297 (Área 1) e 293 (Área 2) em 2009/10 e 295 (Área 1) e 376 (Área 2) em 2010/11. Destes percevejos 1,50 (Área 1) e 13,99% (Área 2) encontravam-se parasitados em 2009/10 e 8,47 (Área 1) e 7,45% (Área 2) em 2010/11. Nas duas áreas, o parasitoide encontrado foi Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Este é o primeiro registro de parasitismo em adultos de E. heros no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil.

Natural parasitism of Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): new record from Mato Grosso State, Brazil

The neotropical stink brown bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an insect pest to soybean crops in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In this region, synthetic insecticides are frequently used for insect control. An alternative to the indiscriminate use of insecticides is the biological control with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct the survey of parasitoids that use E. heros adults as hosts. Random samples were conducted during the harvests of 2009/10 and 2010/11 in two farms that produce soybean (conventional system) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The total number of collected E. heros was: 297 (Field 1) and 293 (Field 2) in 2009/10 and 295 (Field 1) and 376 (Field 2) in 2010/11. Of these, 1.50 (Field 1) and 13.99% (Field 2) were parasitized in 2009/10 and 8.47 (Field 1) and 7.45% (Field 2) in 2010/11. The parasitoids found were Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in both fields. This is the first record of parasitism in E. heros adults in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

RESUMO O percevejo marrom, Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), é um inseto praga na cultura da soja no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Nesta região, inseticidas sintéticos são frequentemente utilizados ao controle de insetos. Uma alternativa para o uso indiscriminado de inseticidas é o controle biológico com parasitoides. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento dos parasitoides que utilizam adultos de E. heros como hospedeiros. Para isso, amostras aleatórias foram conduzidas durante as safras de 2009/10 e 2010/11, em duas fazendas produtoras de soja (sistema convencional) em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O número total de E. heros coletados foi: 297 (Área 1) e 293 (Área 2) em 2009/10 e 295 (Área 1) e 376 (Área 2) em 2010/11. Destes percevejos 1,50 (Área 1) e 13,99% (Área 2) encontravam-se parasitados em 2009/10 e 8,47 (Área 1) e 7,45% (Área 2) em 2010/11. Nas duas áreas, o parasitoide encontrado foi Hexacladia smithii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Este é o primeiro registro de parasitismo em adultos de E. heros no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil.