Guía de práctica clínica de atención en el embarazo y puerperio / Clinical practice guide for pregnancy and puerperal care

El objetivo de esta guía es establecer un conjunto de recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica de mayor calidad disponible para mejorar la salud de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas, así como la salud de los y las recién nacidos.

La salud de los hombres y las mujeres en Cataluña. ¿Se están produciendo cambios? / The health of men and women in Catalonia, Spain. Are changes occurring?

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los cambios observados en la población de Cataluña en el perfil de salud en función del género en 2006 respecto de 1994, a través de la comparación de los datos obtenidos en 1994 y 2006 en la Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña. El aumento del nivel de estudios de la población ha tendido a equiparar ambos sexos. El patrón según gradiente de clase social se ha invertido de manera que, en 2006, la proporción de mujeres que se sitúa en las clases altas e intermedias es superior a la de los hombres y la proporción de mujeres pertenecientes a la clase baja es inferior a la de los hombres. Ha aumentado el número de mujeres que se incorporan al mundo laboral y disminuido el de las que se declaran amas de casa. Las conductas poco saludables continúan siendo más frecuentes entre los hombres pero la proporción de mujeres fumadoras y sedentarias aumentó entre 1994 y 2006. Las mujeres tienen una actitud más preventiva que los hombres con relación a la toma de la presión arterial y la medida de las concentraciones de colesterol. La población que valora su salud como positiva ha aumentado, pero se mantiene que el porcentaje de mujeres es inferior al de hombres. Las mujeres continúan presentando más enfermedades crónicas, trastornos mentales y discapacidades. En comparación con 1994, en 2006 se observa que en Cataluña se mantiene el perfil de salud en función del género, caracterizado porque las mujeres tienen peor percepción del estado de salud, mayor número de enfermedades crónicas y discapacidades, y mayor riesgo de mala salud mental que los hombres. Los hábitos poco saludables continúan siendo más prevalentes entre los hombres, a excepción del sedentarismo, que es más frecuentre entre las mujeres. Las mujeres continúan practicando actividades preventivas en mayor proporción que los hombres (AU)

The aim of this work is to show the changes observed in the health profile according to gender in 2006 with respect to 1994 of the population of Catalonia, through the comparison of data obtained in 1994 and 2006 from the Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña. The increase of the level of studies of the population has tended to comparing both sexes. The pattern of the social classes has been invested, so that in 2006 the proportion of women who place themselves in the upper classes and intermediate is superior to that of the men, and the proportion of women belonging to the lower class is inferior to that of the men. The number of women who incorporate into the work and handicapped world has increased those who are declared housewives. The little healthy behaviors continue being more frequent among men but the proportion of smoker and sedentary women increased between 1994 and 2006. Women have a more preventive than men in relation to the taking of blood pressure and measurement of cholesterol levels. People who value their health as positive has increased, but maintains that the percentage of women is lower than in males. The women continue to have more chronic diseases, mental disorders and disabilities. In 2006, and in comparison with 1994, it is observed that in Catalonia the health profile by gender, wherein women have poorer perception of health status, greater number of chronic diseases and disabilities and greater risk of poor mental health than men. Unhealthy habits are still more prevalent among men with the exception of the sedentarism, which is more frequent among women. Women continue practicing preventive activities in greater proportion than men (AU)

[The health of men and women in Catalonia, Spain. Are changes occurring?]. / La salud de los hombres y las mujeres en Cataluña. ¿Se están produciendo cambios?

The aim of this work is to show the changes observed in the health profile according to gender in 2006 with respect to 1994 of the population of Catalonia, through the comparison of data obtained in 1994 and 2006 from the Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña. The increase of the level of studies of the population has tended to comparing both sexes. The pattern of the social classes has been invested, so that in 2006 the proportion of women who place themselves in the upper classes and intermediate is superior to that of the men, and the proportion of women belonging to the lower class is inferior to that of the men. The number of women who incorporate into the work and handicapped world has increased those who are declared housewives. The little healthy behaviors continue being more frequent among men but the proportion of smoker and sedentary women increased between 1994 and 2006. Women have a more preventive than men in relation to the taking of blood pressure and measurement of cholesterol levels. People who value their health as positive has increased, but maintains that the percentage of women is lower than in males. The women continue to have more chronic diseases, mental disorders and disabilities. In 2006, and in comparison with 1994, it is observed that in Catalonia the health profile by gender, wherein women have poorer perception of health status, greater number of chronic diseases and disabilities and greater risk of poor mental health than men. Unhealthy habits are still more prevalent among men with the exception of the sedentarism, which is more frequent among women. Women continue practicing preventive activities in greater proportion than men.

Prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria en Cataluña / Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Catalonia, Spain

Fundamento y objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia y la gravedad de los síntomas de incontinencia urinaria (IU) en la población de: descriptivo y transversal. Muestra de 18.126 individuos, de los cuales 15.926 eran mayores de 15 años, representativa del conjunto de la población residente en Cataluña, no institucionalizada y que participó en la Encuesta de Salud de Cataluña (ESCA). Dentro de la ESCA se incorporaron 2 preguntas en relación con la IU, en las que se preguntaba sobre la frecuencia y la cantidad de los escapes de orina. Estas preguntas constituyen la versión española del Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), que proporciona un índice numérico de la gravedad de la IU. Resultados: En Cataluña, el 7,9% de la población declara tener IU, el 12,2% de las mujeres y el 3,6% de los varones, lo que supone que más de 500.000 personas tienen pérdidas involuntarias de orina, de las cuales el 77,8% son mujeres. Se observa que la prevalencia aumenta con la edad: entre las mujeres de 45 a 64 años, un 12,0% refiere síntomas de IU, esta cifra alcanza un 26,6% entre las mujeres de 65 a 74 años y un 41,8% entre las mujeres de 75 o más años. Sólo un 2,8% de los varones entre 45 y 64 años refiere IU, un 10,2% de entre 65 y 74 años y un 22,7% de 75 o más años. Conclusiones: Se detecta una alta prevalencia de IU en la población de Cataluña. En dos tercios de las personas que reconocen tener IU, sus síntomas son moderados, graves o muy graves. La gravedad de los síntomas aumenta con la edad, tanto en varones como en mujeres. La prevalencia global de IU es 3 veces superior en las mujeres que en los varones (AU)

Background and objective: To study the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence (IU) in the population of Catalonia. Design Descriptive and cross-sectional study. Patients and method: Sample of 18.126 individuals, representative of the population of Catalonia, not institutionalized. 15.926 of them were older than 15 years and answered the Survey of Health of Catalonia (ESCA). Two questions about frequency and quantity of leakages of urine were added to the ESCA, a health questionnaire with 197 questions. Questions about UI were the Spanish version of Incontinence Severity Index (ISI). Results: In Catalonia (Spain) 7,9% of the population (more than 500.000 persons) had symptoms of IU, corresponding to 12,2% of the women and 3,6% of the men. 77,8% of the total population with UI symptoms were women. The prevalence increased with age in both sexes . 12% of women with an age between the 45–64-years, 26,6% between 65–74 years and 41,8% with 75 years or more, had UI symptoms. Symptoms of UI were present in only 2,8% of the men between 45–64 years , 10,2% between 65–74 years and 22,7% of those of 75 years or more. Conclusions: A high prevalence of IU was found in the population of Catalonia. In two thirds of individuals with IU, their symptoms were moderate to severe. Severity of UI increases with age in men and women. Overall, symptoms of UI are 3 times more prevalent in women than in men (AU)

[Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Catalonia, Spain]. / Prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria en Cataluña.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence (IU) in the population of Catalonia. DESIGN: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Sample of 18.126 individuals, representative of the population of Catalonia, not institutionalized. 15.926 of them were older than 15 years and answered the Survey of Health of Catalonia (ESCA). Two questions about frequency and quantity of leakages of urine were added to the ESCA, a health questionnaire with 197 questions. Questions about UI were the Spanish version of Incontinence Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS: In Catalonia (Spain) 7.9% of the population (more than 500.000 persons) had symptoms of IU, corresponding to 12.2% of the women and 3.6% of the men. 77.8% of the total population with UI symptoms were women. The prevalence increased with age in both sexes. 12% of women with an age between the 45-64-years, 26.6% between 65-74 years and 41.8% with 75 years or more, had UI symptoms. Symptoms of UI were present in only 2.8% of the men between 45-64 years , 10.2% between 65-74 years and 22.7% of those of 75 years or more. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of IU was found in the population of Catalonia. In two thirds of individuals with IU, their symptoms were moderate to severe. Severity of UI increases with age in men and women. Overall, symptoms of UI are 3 times more prevalent in women than in men.