Dendron based antifouling, MRI and magnetic hyperthermia properties of different shaped iron oxide nanoparticles.

Owing to the great potential of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for nanomedicine, large efforts have been made to better control their magnetic properties, especially their magnetic anisotropy to provide NPs able to combine imaging by MRI and therapy by magnetic hyperthermia. In that context, the design of anisotropic NPs appears as a very promising and efficient strategy. Furthermore, their bioactive coating also remains a challenge as it should provide colloidal stability, biocompatibility, furtivity along with good water diffusion for MRI. By taking advantage of our controlled synthesis method of iron oxide NPs with different shapes (cubic, spherical, octopod and nanoplate), we demonstrate here that the dendron coating, shown previously to be very suitable for 10 nm sized iron oxide, also provided very good colloidal, MRI and antifouling properties to the anisotropic shaped NPs. These antifouling properties, demonstrated through several experiments and characterizations, are very promising to achieve specific targeting of disease tissues without affecting healthy organs. On the other hand, the magnetic hyperthermia properties were shown to depend on the saturation magnetization and the ability of NPs to self-align, confirming the need of a balance between crystalline and dipolar magnetic anisotropies.

[Clinical and surgical aspects of cysts and fistulae of the nose in children. Apropos of 37 cases]. / Aspects cliniques et chirurgicaux des kystes et fistules du dos du nez chez l'enfant. A propos de 37 cas.

Thirty-seven children with nasal midline masses and/or sinus ostia were surgically treated in the pediatric ENT and cervicofacial surgery department of Trousseau children hospital in Paris, from 1974 to 1994. The patients presented with midline cysts (11 cases), sinus ostia (8 cases) or both (18 cases). Various surgical techniques were used ranging from transcolumellar approach (25 cases) to direct midline approach (8 cases) or paracanthal approach. Preoperative imagery and surgery showed in 6 patients an intracranial extension to the base of the foramen cecum, without intracranial mass. Histologic examination demonstrated 33 dermoïds, 1 lipoma, 1 hamartoma, 1 glioma ans 1 hemangioma. 2 recurrences occurred after surgery. In children, the transcolumellar approach provides an enhanced exposure with a few percentage of recurrences and good cosmetic results.

[The dilated vestibular aqueduct syndrome]. / Le syndrome de l'aqueduc du vestibule dilaté.

The authors analyse the clinical, radiological and audiometric findings in a population of 89 ears of 49 patients. There was no correlation between bone malformation and auditory deficit which was often profound. This anomaly occurs during the 7th week of embryogenesis and represents one facet of the dysplasia of Mondini.

[Surgical protocol of velo-palatal and labio-nasal clefts]. / Protocole chirurgical des fentes vélopalatines et labionarinaires.

Based on a series of 52 cases of velopalatine and labionarinal clefts treated according to the same principle of therapeutic chronology, the authors define their recent surgical protocol for the primary repair of these clefts. Satisfactory functional repair of the tongue and platysma muscles of the face determine the good anatomical results and, in particular, the development of the maxilla together with the results on speech and middle ear pathology. Pathophysiological elements argue in favour of staphylorrhaphy as the first operative stage in unilateral labiovelopalatine clefts associated, at the same time, with cheilorhinoplasty; passive orthodontia is generally performed until the secondary palatoplasty. The surgical repair technique is closely related to this therapeutic timing in terms of the muscular and periosteal detachments.

[Effect of the surgical treatment of cleft palate on pathology of the middle ear. Apropos of 49 cases]. / Influence du traitement chirurgical des fentes vélo-palatines sur la pathologie de l'oreille moyenne. A propos de 49 cas.

The presence of middle ear disease was analyzed in 49 patients with soft palate cleft, and more particularly the influence of surgical repair and early therapy. Clinical examination, impedancemetry and audiometry carried out preoperatively and at follow up more than 3 months after surgery showed that although surgical closure of cleft provokes some improvement (40% of cases) some degree of seromucous otitis persisted in most patients, with a very partial positive influence of early surgery. Other physiopathologic factors are involved in the genesis of seromucous otitis, which cannot be cured by early surgery for soft palate cleft alone.

[Post-anastomotic stenosis in atresia of the esophagus. Study apropos of 23 cases]. / Sténoses post-anastomotiques dans les atrésies de l'oesophage. Etude à propos de 23 cas.

Between 1977 and 1984, a total of 23 patients with post-anastomotic stenosis after surgery for esophageal atresia were treated conjointly by the ORL and digestive surgery departments of Hôpital Trousseau, France. Most cases were type III atresias treated by direct anastomosis, favoring factors for stenosis being gastro-esophageal reflux, post-anastomotic fistula and the surgical act. Stenosis usually develops early, provokes only moderately severe symptomatology and requires treatment by dilatation mainly, in association with anti-reflux medication. Prognosis was usually good in the 23 cases reported, 21 being able to take food normally. Surgery should be reserved for cases with severe reflux and for those with persistent stenosis.

[Role and significance of the branchial system in cervico-facial morphogenesis]. / Place et signification de l'appareil branchial dans la morphogenèse cervico-faciale.

The so-called "branchial" embryonic organization is in fact that of the part of the embryo subjacent to the anterior, encephalic portion of neural tube. It presents, in addition to its typical aspects, historically of importance, other more pertinent aspects related to its segmental character, its mode of development and its morphologic limits. Synthesis of all data is now possible due to recent precision of the origin of branchial muscles and the participation of ectomesochyme in its development. Findings indicate the predominant place and deep significant of this organization in overall embryonic development, for which it represents a determinant phase in itself, independent of evolutionary potential that can be possibly attributed to its vascular components.

[Effect of amygdalectomy on asthmatic and allergic children. Study apropos of 55 cases]. / Influence de l'amygdalectomie chez les enfants asthmatiques et allergiques. Etude à propos de 55 observations.

The effects of tonsillectomy were investigated in 55 asthmatic and/or allergic children, by clinical and biologic, particularly immunoallergologic examinations before and 6 months and one year after operation. Tonsillectomy adversely affected clinical state of asthmatic and/or allergic children in less than 10% of cases, and then only to a moderate degree. In 40 to 60% the course of their illness was not affected by the operation and, a remarkable finding, in 40 to 45% of cases it was markedly improved. Biologic, and particularly immunoallergologic parameters studied were not significantly altered, but changes in immunoglobulins confirmed the immunocompetent role of the palatine tonsil.

[Translation esophageal flap in the repair of traumatic stenosis of the hypopharynx]. / Lambeau oesophagien de translation dans la réparation d'une sténose traumatique de l'hypopharynx.

A surgical technique is proposed which makes use of a cervical esophageal flap to repair a hypopharyngeal stenosis from traumatic intubation. The technique is also applicable for identical stenosis of caustic or traumatic origin, other procedures described in the literature being suitable only for more extensive or more limited lesions. This simply performed technique provides important mucosal gains in the piriform sinus region and a satisfactory hypopharyngeal line.

[Reduction of bleeding during microsurgery of the middle ear by amiodarone]. / Réduction du saignement dans la microchirurgie de l'oreille moyenne par l'amiodarone.

Operative bleeding was reduced in 47 patients undergoing middle ear microsurgery by means of an intravenous infusion of Amiodarone. Total doses of the order of 1 mg.kg-1 were remarkably effective without adverse effects. This result is attributed to the capacity of Amiodarone to reduce the increase in blood pressure and particularly the tachycardia induced by release of endogenous (operative stress) and exogenous (local adrenaline infiltrations) catecholamines.