Potential relationship between periodontal diseases and eye diseases.

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory lesions initiated by oral bacteria and lead to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth (gingiva, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) in susceptible patient. Via several biological mechanisms, periodontal diseases have been associated with multiple systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Similarly certain eye diseases have been associated with systemic diseases of the inflammatory pathway. We hypothesized that periodontal diseases are associated with eye diseases. Thus using literature data we find that several studies have reported that eye disorders are associated with the presence of periodontal diseases. But the mechanisms of this relationship are not clear. However the innate immune response involvement, the sharing of similar risk factors in pathogenesis and the changes of eye choroid thickness may be suggested as several hypotheses to explain this potential association.

[Evaluation of periodontal health of prosthetic abutments. Pilot study about 100 abutments of crowns and bridges]. / Evaluation de la santé parodontale des piliers de prothèse fixée. Etude pilote autour de 100 piliers de couronnes et de bridges.

BACKGROUND: The confection of a fixed prosthesis finds its indication in response to the patient's aesthetic and/or functional whose requirements are stronger in terms of satisfaction. This involves maintaining the stability of prosthetic reconstructions on a sufficiency long time. To achieve this, the preservation of periodontal health of the prosthetic abutments occupies a special choice. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal health of fixed prosthesis abutment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients having fixed prosthesis in the mouth for more than one year participated in our study. Ultimately, 38 single crowns and 27 seven bridges based on 100 abutments have been recorded. After an interview, clinical and radiographic examination was performed. It was to assess the level of oral hygiene, the health of the superficial and deep periodontal abutment using OHIS index of Green and Vermilion, periodontal index of Russel and mobility index of Mühlemann. RESULTS: On the 100 abutments examined, gingivitis (14%), gingival recession (13%), bone osteolysis (29%) and mobility (5%) were recorded. In addition, about 60% of patients had inadequate oral hygiene and less than 30% of them had a regular prosthetic maintenance. CONCLUSION: From this study, it appears that complications affecting periodontal prosthetic abutments are essentially bone lysed (29%), gingivitis (14%) and gingival recessions (13%).

[Subgingival irrigation combined with scaling and root planing. Results of a study with chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite]. / L'irrigation sous-gingivale associée au curetage parodontal. Effets de l'étude de l'Eludril et du Dakin Cooper.

Scaling and root planning is more and more associated with subgingival irrigation in chronics periodontal treatment. It is unreasonable to expect to control periodontal infections by mechanical treatment alone. Most patients do not achieve the necessary level of manual dexterity or motivation to control their plaque at home. It is rather better to deliver antimicrobial agents directly into the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of subgingival irrigation associated to periodontal scaling on the clinical parameters and to compare the effects of chlorhexidine (Eludril) and sodium hypochlorite (Dakin Cooper) on adult's chronics periodontitis treatment. At the level of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Bleeding on Probing, the results show that Eludril irrigation associated to scaling is lightly efficacious than Dakin cooper irrigation associated to scaling. And, the last one also is lightly efficacious than scaling alone. However, at the level of pocket depth, scaling alone has been also effective than scaling associated with subgingival irrigation.

[The place of chemical products in oral hygiene for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease]. / Place des produits chimiques d'hygiene bucco-dentaire dans la prevention et dans le traitement des maladies parodontales.

The mechanical elimination of the bacteria plaque is the basis of the prevention and the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. Chemicals products used in the control of supra and subgingival plaque show a great importance because of individual and professional difficulties which constitute an impediment to the effective elimination of the bacteria plaque. However, by this time, there's no miracle product for oral hygiene capable at long term to take over from the tooth-brush and paste. The use at long term of chemicals in the bacteria plaque control can't be recommended because of their following effects and their slight effectivity-cost ratio. Nevertheless, oral hygiene chemicals combined with mechanical treatment provide very good results. Particularly, when used in the form of subgingival irrigation or slow liberation materials set in the periodontal pocket.

[Periodontal diseases in a university setting in Ivory Coast]. / Parodontopathies en milieu universitaire en Côte d'Ivoire.

The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, and also to evaluate periodontal treatment needs of the students of Abidjan University, in Ivory Coast. 647 students were randomly selected and interviewed to determine age, sex and oral hygiene habits; the subjects were examined for tooth mobility, plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding, periodontal probing depths and gingival recessions. The oral hygiene was insufficient: 86.08% of the subjects presented calculus--The average of sextants presenting gingival bleeding was to 4.03 and to 3.43 for calculus. The prevalence and severity of periodontal pockets were low: only 0.36 sextants on average presented pockets of 4-5 mm and 0.025 sextants presented pockets of 6 mm or more. As concerns periodontal treatment needs, 89.64% of subjects needed oral hygiene advises, 84.85% needed scaling/root planning, and 1.39% needed complex periodontal treatment. Our findings confirm the fact that destructive periodontal disease is not an inevitable consequence of gingivitis. The information, screen, and prevention should begin reality in our daily practice.

[Efficacy of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontal pockets]. / Etude de l'efficacité du curetage parodontal dans le traitement des poches.

Our study, who's aim was to evaluate the efficacy of scaling in pocket's treatment, has been realised on 78 sites, selected on 12 patients who presented a periodontitis. The results shown an improvement of the gingival status and a decrease of pocket's depth on 84.61% of treated sites; this results indicate that scaling and root planning procedure, well realised, is an efficient and useful method in periodontal treatments.

[In vitro study of chlorhexidine resistance in subgingival bacteria]. / Etude in vitro de la résistance à la chlorhexidine des bactéries de la flore sous-gingivale.

Chlorhexidine is an antibacterial agent of the bisguanide family. It's the most effectual molecule of all antiseptics for oral use. Because of its so frequent use, we have elaborated a protocol in order to estimate the resistance of the sub-gingival flora bacteria to its actions. We have determined the minimal inhibitory concentration of the different observed bacteria species and, have from that stage, progressively increased the concentration at a rate of 5 micrograms/ml. The obtained results show that the bacteria can undergo structural and/or biochemical alterations to adapt to more significant concentrations.

[The prevalence of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease in black Africa. The impact of socioeconomic factors and cultural customs]. / Prévalence des parodontites. Les parodontites en Afrique noire. Influences des facteurs socio-économiques et habitudes culturelles.

The lack of reliable and recent information about the oral and dental health conditions of many African countries is a serious object of concern. There is an urgent need of up-to-date information about the oral and dental diseases existing among the various African populations and about their deciding factors. This study takes stock of the periodontal diseases in black Africa and mention the influence of the socio-economic advancing and the cultural habits.

[A comparative study of various evaluation methods of the antibiotic sensitivity of strict anaerobic bacteria of the subgingival flora]. / Etude comparative de différentes méthodes d'evaluation de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques des bacteries anaérobies strictes de la flore sous-gingivale.

The study on the sensitiveness of slow-growing anaerobes bacteria to antibiotics is delicate when you consider the technical motives that make it difficult to transpose the standard methods frequently used in microbiological laboratories. The three main methods used to determine susceptibility to antibiotics are: disk-diffusion test, antibiotics containing microdilution plates and ATB ANA (bioMérieux). The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of each of these methods on severe anaerobes bacteria isolated in sub-gingival flora of patients suffering from developing periodontitis (rapidly progressive periodontitis, refractory periodontitis, active stage of adult chronic periodontitis). The observed bacteria are: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus micros. Antibiotics used are: ampicilline, amoxicilline, tetracycline, erythromycine, metronidazole. The comparison of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (M.I.C) of each of these methods has permitted to show a strict correlation in the results observed with these three methods, if only the growth of the severe anaerobes bacteria on agar medium does not exceed 72 hours.