Factor structure of the parent-rated strengths and difficulties questionnaire in a sample of Canadian children from military families.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire is a 25-item screening tool designed to measure the emotional and behavioral well-being of children. It includes five subscales including Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, Peer Problems, Hyperactivity-Inattention and Prosocial Behavior. While the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire has been studied extensively on a global scale, it has not yet been evaluated among Canadian children from military families. This study used data collected from spouses and partners of Canadian Armed Forces members who completed a questionnaire assessing their quality of life, including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for respondents with children aged 3-16 years (N = 651). Using two independent randomized samples drawn from the overall group of respondents, the factorial structure was studied using exploratory factor analysis (n = 323) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 328). Results of this study provide evidence for the factorial validity of the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for a sample of children from military families. Specifically, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the original proposed five-factor solution (CFI = 0.84; TLI = 0.82; SRMR = 0.073; RMSEA = 0.065) with good internal reliability of the Total Difficulties Scale and subscales. Overall, the results of this study were found to align with past research findings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and support the future utility of this tool in assessing the well-being of Canadian children from military families.

Using a Workplace Rehabilitation and Reintegration Program Tracker Tool to Explore Factors Associated With Return to Duty Among Ill/Injured Military Personnel: A Preliminary Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: A great deal of time and resources have been spent on developing and implementing evidence-based return to work programs over the past few decades, compelling researchers to better understand the factors associated with more favorable outcomes. Using data collected as part of a participant tracking system trial for the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Return to Duty (RTD) program, analyses were conducted to better understand the trajectories of program participants and identify the factors associated with RTD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included 205 Regular Force CAF members from a single military base located in Eastern Canada who entered the RTD program during the trial period between April 2018 and March 2020. The health condition they were facing was mostly recent (i.e., onset within the past 6 months; 43%) and involved their mental health (67%). Data were collected on various demographic, military, health, and program characteristics using the RTD Data Collection Tool, which was updated periodically by program coordinators. Using data gathered by the Tool, a cumulative incidence function was generated to estimate the overall marginal probability of RTD over the duration of the program. Associations between RTD and a range of factors that were captured using the Tool were also examined in a series of competing-risks regressions. RESULTS: Findings indicated that the rate of RTD among program participants increased at around 3 months and began to level off around 9 months, suggesting that the likelihood of RTD after this window is diminished. Of the many factors that were considered, only years of service and work placement status at 3 months were found to be associated with RTD. Specifically, lower rates of RTD were observed among participants with 15 or more years of service compared to those with less than 5 years of service in the CAF and among those who were not yet assigned a work placement at 3 months relative to those who were. CONCLUSION: This study represents a first step in addressing the gap in our current knowledge about the characteristics of CAF members participating in the RTD program and the factors associated with RTD. Several recommendations are made for improving the participant tracking system in view of enhancing the level and quality of information that is available to assess participants' trajectories and inform further development of the program.

A moderated-mediation analysis of pathways in the association between Veterans' health and their spouse's relationship satisfaction: The importance of social support.

Introduction: Military personnel and Veterans are at increased risk of mental and physical health conditions, which can impact their families. Spouses often perform a vital role in caring for service members and Veterans facing illness or injury, which can lead to caregiver burden. In turn, this may contribute to relationship issues. Research suggests that ensuring that spouses are well supported can alleviate some of these negative effects. The current study examined whether social support received by spouses of newly released Veterans buffers the impact of Veterans' health on caregiver burden, subsequently impacting spouses' relationship satisfaction. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Canadian Armed Forces Transition and Well-being Survey. The sample included N = 595 spouses of Regular Force Veterans who released in 2016 with at least 2 years of service. We examined Veterans' mental and physical health and spouses' caregiver burden, social support, and relationship satisfaction. A moderated mediation model was tested using structural equation modeling. Results: There was a significant indirect association between Veterans' health (both physical and mental) and spouses' relationship satisfaction through caregiver burden. Furthermore, social support moderated the association, as evidenced by a weaker association between Veterans' health and caregiver burden at low levels (-1SD) of social support compared to high levels (+1SD). Implications: Findings suggest additional efforts should be made to ensure sufficient support is provided to spouses, especially when they are caring for a service member or Veteran facing illness or injury, to strengthen their families' well-being.

Predictors of self-reported health and psychological distress among recently released Canadian Armed Forces Veterans.

Recent research has found that, while the majority of Veterans report a positive adjustment to post-service life, the number who report experiencing transition difficulties is increasing. This study aims to describe some of the predictors of general health, mental health, and psychological distress, with a focus on recently released Canadian Armed Forces Veterans. Analysis was performed on a sample of Veterans (N=909) who released in the past five years. Separate stepwise logistic regression models explored the odds of reporting each negative health outcome, first controlling for individual and military characteristics, then exploring the relative associations of well-being indicators. Presence of chronic physical and mental health conditions was associated with all negative health outcomes. Other indicators associated with a higher likelihood of negative health outcomes included dissatisfaction with one's main activity since retirement, having a low sense of community belonging, being disabled and not being in the workforce. Higher mastery was associated with a lower likelihood of distress and poor general health, and was marginally significantly associated with a lower likelihood of poor mental health. The results demonstrate the importance of individual factors, social integration, and chronic health conditions in predicting the health outcomes of recently released CAF Veterans.