New species and records of Caenidae Newman, 1853 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Rondnia State, Northern Brazil.

Caenidae is a globally widespread family, inhabiting a variety of aquatic habitats. In South America, only 35 species are recognized, maybe as a consequence of the few studies until the first decade of the 21st century. Despite recent advances, large portions of Brazil, such as Rondnia State, are still characterized by Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. Rondnia is an area predicted to have high mayfly richness, but with no record of Caenidae. From this perspective, the objective of this study is to provide the first access to primary biodiversity data of Caenidae (Ephemeroptera) from Rondnia. As result, we report five species (Brasilocaenis elidioi, Brasilocaenis irmleri, Caenis chamie, Caenis fittkaui, Latineosus sigillatus) and describe a new species based on all life stages (Caenis urupa sp. nov.).

Description of nymph of Brasilocaenis atawallpa Lima, Molineri, Vieira, Pinheiro amp; Salles, 2019 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) and notes on its taxonomic status.

Brasilocaenis atawallpa was recently described based on male imago from Colombian Amazon. The original description does not contain a designation of type specimens or locality, and it just states that the type series was studied in order to perform the cladistic analysis. In this context, we herein designate the lectotype and paralectotypes of B. atawallpa and describe its nymphal stage. The nymphs were associated to B. atawallpa by the male genitalia extracted from mature nymphs. The nymphal stage of B. atawallpa can be differentiated from others known nymphs of the genus by absence of pointed microspines on opercular gill, fore coxa without projection, middle coxa with well-developed and semicircular projection, hind coxa with finger-like projection, fore and middle tarsal claws without denticles and hind margin of the ninth sternite almost straight.