RESUMO
El presente trabajo muestra la aplicación de un programa de intervención con entrenadores y padres de familia de equipos juveniles de futbol en México, para la promoción de climas motivacionales de implicación a la tarea. La intervención con entrenadores se basó en las estrategias postuladas por el programa Mastery Approach to Coaching (MAC). Asimismo, estrategias de corte educativo se implementaron con padres de familia. Se contó con la participación de 81 futbolistas varones entre los 12 y 15 años, 4 entrenadores del sexo masculino y 34 padres de familia. Se obtuvieron cambios conductuales en los entrenadores, sin embargo, la intervención no produjo un clima motivacional de mayor implicación hacia la tarea (AU)
This paper presents the application of an intervention program with coaches and parents of youth soccer teams in Mexico, for the promotion task-involving motivational climate. The intervention with coaches was based on the strategies postulated by the Mastery Approach to Coaching (MAC) program. In addition, educational strategies were implemented with parents. It involved the participation of 81 male soccer players between 12 and 15 years old, 4 male coaches and 34 parents. Behavioral changes were obtained in the coaches; however, the intervention did not produce a motivational climate of greater involvement towards the task (AU)
Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de um programa de intervenção com treinadores e pais de equipes de futebol juvenil no México, para promover o clima motivacional de envolvimento com a tarefa. Intervenção treinadores baseou-se nas estratégias propostas pelo programa Mastery Approach to Coaching (MAC). Mesmo assim, estratégias educacionais também foram implementadas com os pais. Estiveram presentes 81 jogadores do gênero masculino entre 12 e 15 anos, 4 treinadores do gênero masculino e 34 pais. Foram obtidas mudanças comportamentais nos treinadores, no entanto, a intervenção não produziu um clima motivacional de um maior envolvimento com a tarefa (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Motivação , Esportes/psicologia , Futebol/psicologia , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Docentes , Pais/psicologia , Relações InterpessoaisRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine how exercise level, exercise motives, and barriers changed from the baseline phase to the follow-up phase after a behavioural and cognitive intervention aimed at increasing exercise. Seventy-five members of our university community (43 subjects in the control group and 32 in the experimental group), all of whom received cognitive feedback, agreed to complete the baseline phase. Only the experimental group received behavioural feedback and a free-access gym ticket with personal training in order to facilitate their adherence to exercise. The results suggest that a combination of behavioural and psychological techniques is an efficient strategy for increasing exercise level. In addition, the results showed that extrinsic motivation predominates the early stages of change-of-exercise behaviour, and that intrinsic motivation is important for progression towards maintenance. Subjects who decreased their exercise level increased their extrinsic exercise motivation and subjects who increased their exercise level decreased the barriers related to intrinsic motivation. These findings indicate that, in order to facilitate exercise adherence, feedback about motives for undertaking exercise is needed, combined with advice about how to improve physical condition. This combination could help eliminate certain barriers that hinder engaging in an active and healthy life-style
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los cambios en el nivel de ejercicio físico y en los motivos y barreras para su práctica, desde la fase de línea de base hasta la fase de seguimiento, después de una intervención cognitivo-conductual para incrementar el ejercicio. 75 miembros de nuestra comunidad universitaria aceptaron participar en la línea de base (43 sujetos del grupo control y 32 del experimental). Todos ellos recibieron feed-back cognitivo. Sólo el grupo experimental recibió feed-back conductual y un ticket de libre acceso a un centro deportivo con entrenamiento personal para facilitar su adherencia al ejercicio. Los resultados sugieren que una combinación de técnicas cognitivo-conductuales resulta una estrategia eficiente para incrementar el nivel de ejercicio. Los resultados también muestran que durante los primeros estadios de cambio de la conducta de ejercicio domina la motivación extrínseca y que la motivación intrínseca es importante para la progresión hacia el mantenimiento. Los sujetos que disminuyeron su nivel de ejercicio incrementaron su motivación extrínseca hacia el ejercicio y los sujetos que aumentaron su nivel de ejercicio disminuyeron las barreras relacionadas con la motivación intrínseca. Estos resultados indican que para facilitar la adherencia al ejercicio los participantes necesitan recibir retroalimentación sobre sus motivos hacia el ejercicio combinada con asesoramiento sobre la mejora de su condición física. Esta combinación podría ayudar a eliminar algunas barreras que dificultan la posibilidad de adherirse a un estilo de vida activo y saludable
Assuntos
Humanos , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Motivação , Estudantes/psicologia , Condicionamento Físico Humano/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine how exercise level, exercise motives, and barriers changed from the baseline phase to the follow-up phase after a behavioural and cognitive intervention aimed at increasing exercise. Seventy-five members of our university community (43 subjects in the control group and 32 in the experimental group), all of whom received cognitive feedback, agreed to complete the baseline phase. Only the experimental group received behavioural feedback and a free-access gym ticket with personal training in order to facilitate their adherence to exercise. The results suggest that a combination of behavioural and psychological techniques is an efficient strategy for increasing exercise level. In addition, the results showed that extrinsic motivation predominates the early stages of change-of-exercise behaviour, and that intrinsic motivation is important for progression towards maintenance. Subjects who decreased their exercise level increased their extrinsic exercise motivation and subjects who increased their exercise level decreased the barriers related to intrinsic motivation. These findings indicate that, in order to facilitate exercise adherence, feedback about motives for undertaking exercise is needed, combined with advice about how to improve physical condition. This combination could help eliminate certain barriers that hinder engaging in an active and healthy life-style.