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1.
Vet Res Commun ; 46(4): 1355-1361, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36129562

RESUMO

In this study, the aetiological background of an outbreak of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) in a colony of purebred Jack Russell Terriers vaccinated against CPV-2 in Hungary was investigated. Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2, Parvoviridae) and canine astrovirus (CaAstV, Astroviridae) co-infection was identified by viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing (VM-NGS) methods from a rectal swab of an affected 7-week-old puppy. The complete coding sequence of CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN (ON733252) and the complete genome of CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN (ON733251) were determined by VM-NGS and PCR methods. Results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that CPV-2 strain FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN was different from the applied vaccine strains and previously identified strains from Hungary but showed high sequence identity (> 99.8%) and close phylogenetic relationship to recently described "Asian-origin" CPV-2c strains from Italy. But, based on the single amino acid difference on position 426 of VP2 (Glu/Asp) between the study strain and the closest relatives, FR1/CPV2-2021-HUN belonged to the 2b antigenic type rather than 2c. The CaAstV strain FR1/CaAstV-2021-HUN showed close relationship with a CaAstV strain identified previously from a diarrhoeic dog in Hungary. Both viruses were continuously detectable by PCR in additional enteric samples, and the CPV-2 could also be detected in several (n = 32) tissue samples from 9 affected deceased puppies. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm the role of the point mutation causing the change in the antigenic type of this "Asian-origin" CPV-2 and/or the role of CaAstV co-infection in the development and/or severity of (haemorrhagic) gastroenteritis among dogs vaccinated against CPV-2.


Assuntos
Astroviridae , Coinfecção , Doenças do Cão , Gastroenterite , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Cães , Animais , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Astroviridae/genética , Filogenia , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Hungria/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Gastroenterite/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças
2.
Viruses ; 14(3)2022 03 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35336920

RESUMO

Porcine sapeloviruses, teschoviruses of family Picornaviridae and type 3 porcine astroviruses of family Astroviridae are (re-)emerging enteric pathogens that could be associated with severe, disseminated infections in swine, affecting multiple organs including the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, small-scale pioneer studies indicate the presence of these viruses in porcine nasal samples to various extents. The laboratory diagnostics are predominantly based on the detection of the viral RNA from faecal and tissue samples using different nucleic-acid-based techniques such as RT-qPCR. In this study, a novel highly sensitive one-step triplex RT-qPCR assay was introduced which can detect all known types of neurotropic sapelo-, tescho- and type 3 astroviruses in multiple types of samples of swine. The assay was evaluated using in vitro synthesized RNA standards and a total of 142 archived RNA samples including known sapelo-, tescho- and type 3 astrovirus positive and negative CNS, enteric and nasal specimens. The results of a large-scale epidemiological investigation of these viruses on n = 473 nasal swab samples from n = 28 industrial-type swine farms in Hungary indicate that all three neurotropic viruses, especially type 3 astroviruses, are widespread and endemically present on most of the investigated farms.


Assuntos
Infecções por Astroviridae , Astroviridae , Picornaviridae , Doenças dos Suínos , Teschovirus , Animais , Astroviridae/genética , Infecções por Astroviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Astroviridae/veterinária , Fezes , Mamastrovirus , Filogenia , Picornaviridae/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Teschovirus/genética
3.
Viruses ; 13(1)2021 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33418939

RESUMO

Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain "neglected" genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species "Bopivirus B" in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine-caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.


Assuntos
Bovinos/virologia , Genoma Viral , Cabras/virologia , Picornaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Ovinos/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Hungria , Filogeografia , Picornaviridae/classificação , Picornaviridae/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Viral/química , RNA Viral/genética
4.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 68(4): 1731-1735, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33006252

RESUMO

Porcine respirovirus 1, also known as Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) was first identified in Hong Kong in 2013, later in the USA and most recently in Chile. Here, we report the first detection of PPIV-1 outside these three regions. We screened 22 farms in Hungary by testing 15 nasal swab samples obtained from 3-week-old piglets (3 randomly chosen piglets from 5 litters in each farm). Only one farm was found to be positive. We subsequently sampled the positive farm by taking cross-sectional 20 nasal swab samples from 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-week-old piglets. Virus detection by qRT-PCR showed that although all investigated age groups were positive to PPIV-1, a higher number of infected animals and higher viral loads were found among 4-week-old animals. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of partial F and L genes, the 3 Hungarian strains are genetically closely related to the very first PPIV-1 strain identified in Hong Kong in 2013, whereas the overall genetic difference compared to the recently described North American isolates was around 10%.


Assuntos
Infecções por Paramyxoviridae , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Europa (Continente) , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia , Respirovirus , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
5.
J Gen Virol ; 101(6): 609-621, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32255421

RESUMO

All of the known porcine sapeloviruses (PSVs) currently belong to a single genotype in the genus Sapelovirus (family Picornaviridae). Here, the complete genome of a second, possibly recombinant, genotype of PSV strain SZ1M-F/PSV/HUN2013 (MN807752) from a faecal sample of a paraplegic pig in Hungary was characterized using viral metagenomics and RT-PCR. This sapelovirus strain showed only 64 % nucleotide identity in the VP1 region to its closest PSV-1 relative. Complete VP1 sequence-based epidemiological investigations of PSVs circulating in Hungary showed the presence of diverse strains found in high prevalence in enteric and respiratory samples collected from both asymptomatic and paraplegic pigs from 12 swine farms. Virus isolation attempts using PK-15 cell cultures were successful in 3/8 cases for the classic but not the novel PSV genotype. Sequence comparisons of faeces and isolate strains derived VP1 showed that cultured PSV strains not always represent the dominant PSVs found in vivo.


Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , Picornaviridae/genética , Sistema Respiratório/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Fazendas , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral/genética , Genótipo , Hungria , Filogenia , Prevalência , Suínos
6.
Vet Med (Auckl) ; 11: 17-24, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32158645

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: Porcine parvovirus (PPV), the causative agent of severe reproductive failures in pigs, is present worldwide. The witnessed spread of the virulent 27a type PPV strains since its recognition raised concerns about the efficacy of the available commercial vaccines. METHODS: To address this question, vaccinated pregnant gilts were challenged with a PPV-27a-like virus strain and parameters related to vaccine efficacy were compared. RESULTS: The K22 vaccine strain of Parvoruvax® (PVX) was characterized as "Kresse-like" based on the epitope mapping data. Vaccination of the gilts induced a low level of antibody responses. Based on foetal mortality, the number of sows which had challenge virus-affected foetuses, the percent of PPV positive piglets/litters plus their PPV genome and viral load PVX outscored the other vaccinated groups. CONCLUSION: Stronger protection was provided by the "Kresse-like" K22 PPV strain-based vaccine than by the NADL-2 and NADL-like strain-based commercial vaccines against a PPV-27a cluster strain challenge. Vaccine-induced antibody levels as measured pre-challenge were not found to be an accurate indicator of protection.

7.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 16909, 2019 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31729462

RESUMO

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) emerged for the first time in 1978 and evolved into two antigenic variants CPV2a and CPV2b and the third new antigenic variant CPV2c reported in 2000 in Italy. During 2014 unexplained outbreaks of gastroenteritis were observed in kennels where an extensive vaccination program was ongoing and where vaccinated animals showed pathologic lesions consistent with typical parvovirosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CPV2 could have played a role in the emergence of these cases and to evaluate genetic or pathological specificities of the virus and the disease. Using PCR and phylogenetic analysis we showed that the CPV2c variant is circulating in Croatia and is in close relationships with isolates from North and South America. Histopathological lesions and cell tropism that are known for CPV2 we are reporting the identification of the virus in glial cells and ovaries. It seems that evolution of CPV and CPV2a-c and adaptation to dogs are two independent events. Croatian isolates had specific and some unique amino acid mutations under positive selection. The effect of the alterations on the immunoglobulin binding cannot be excluded.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/classificação , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Filogenia , Tropismo Viral , Animais , Biópsia , Croácia/epidemiologia , DNA Viral , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Genoma Viral , Especificidade de Órgãos
8.
Acta Vet Hung ; 67(2): 307-313, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31238732

RESUMO

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an emerging enteropathogen, causing great economic losses in the pig industry. After many years of quiescence, PEDV was detected in Hungary in 2016 with a recombination in its S gene. In order to determine the extent of this change, an attempt was made to isolate the recombinant PEDV. This study was extended with a variety of samples collected from three separate farms with newly identified PEDV in 2018. The recombinant PEDV from 2016 was isolated successfully along with three viruses from 2018, and one isolate from the new cases was used for whole genome determination. Whole genome sequence alignment revealed the highest identity with recombinant Hungarian and Slovenian PEDV within the low-pathogenic European viruses. This suggests that these recombinant PEDV are circulating in this area and may spread to other parts of the continent.


Assuntos
Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/classificação , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Genoma Viral , Hungria , Filogenia , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia
9.
Acta Vet Hung ; 67(1): 140-150, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30922088

RESUMO

Enteric viral diseases of swine are one of the most frequent disorders causing huge economic losses in pork production. After the reappearance of an emerging enteropathogen, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Hungary in 2016, an extensive survey was initiated in an attempt to identify diarrhoea-related porcine viruses, including adeno-, astro-, boca-, calici-, circo-, corona-, kobu-, rota- and Torque teno viruses. A total of 384 faecal samples collected during a twoyear period from diarrhoeic and asymptomatic pigs of various ages in 17 farms were screened by conventional and real-time PCR methods. Half of the samples contained at least one examined virus with the dominance of kobuvirus (55.1%) followed by bocaviruses (33.2%) and rotavirus groups A and C together (20.9%), while coronaviruses including PEDV were not found in this set of samples. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the frequency of single infections compared to mixed ones with the exception of weaned pigs, in which group additionally most viruses were detected. The results of this study suggest that the complexity of this disease may vary with age, which makes the prevention of diarrhoea a challenge, especially in weaned pigs.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Diarreia/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Fezes/virologia , Hungria/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
10.
Vet Anim Sci ; 7: 100042, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32289094

RESUMO

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a highly contagious enteric disease of swine, which became infrequent with the appearance of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). TGE was last reported in Hungary in 2013 and the virus has not been found since, therefore a serological survey was planned to estimate the level of protection against it. 908 sera of sows from 93 farms were selected together with 174 archive samples from one farm covering a wider age group. All samples were screened with an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test with a positive result of 15.42% and 17.82%, respectively. All IF-positive samples were examined with a commercial ELISA, revealing seropositivity against PRCV in almost all cases. These findings should serve as a recommendation to not omit TGE from the diagnostics of diarrhoea in swine.

11.
BMC Vet Res ; 14(1): 163, 2018 May 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29783968

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) was detected in swine serum without showing any relationship with disease. The emergence of the virus seemed to be a unique event until other genetically highly similar parvoviruses were identified in China and, later in 2012, the presence of the virus was also described in Europe. PPV2 is widely distributed in pig populations where it is suspected to be involved in respiratory conditions, based on its frequent detection in lung samples. In order to investigate the potential pathogenic involvement of PPV2, 60 dead pigs were examined from two farms. They were necropsied and tested for PPV2 and PCV2 (Porcine circovirus type 2) by PCR; by Brown and Brenn (B&B) staining for bacteria; by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect CD3, Swine leukocyte antigen class II DQ (SLAIIDQ), lysozyme, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo); and by in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect ssDNA and dsDNA of PCV2. PPV2 positive samples were subjected to in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) including double staining method to detect PPV2 and host cell markers. To calculate statistical difference we used GENMOD or LOGISTIC procedures in Statistical Analysis System (SAS®). RESULTS: We found that the PPV2 was localized mostly in lymphocytes in lungs, lymph nodes and liver. Neither CD3 antigen nor lysozyme was expressed by these infected cells. In contrast, low levels of SLAIIDQ were expressed by infected cells, suggesting that PPV2 may have a specific tropism for immature B lymphocytes and/or NK lymphocytes though possibly not T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: The overall conclusion of this study indicates that PPV2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumonia.


Assuntos
Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Suíno/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Animais , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia
12.
Viruses ; 9(12)2017 12 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29261104

RESUMO

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is among the most important infectious agents causing infertility in pigs. Until recently, it was thought that the virus had low genetic variance, and that prevention of its harmful effect on pig fertility could be well-controlled by vaccination. However, at the beginning of the third millennium, field observations raised concerns about the effectiveness of the available vaccines against newly emerging strains. Subsequent investigations radically changed our view on the evolution and immunology of PPV, revealing that the virus is much more diverse than it was earlier anticipated, and that some of the "new" highly virulent isolates cannot be neutralized effectively by antisera raised against "old" PPV vaccine strains. These findings revitalized PPV research that led to significant advancements in the understanding of early and late viral processes during PPV infection. Our review summarizes the recent results of PPV research and aims to give a comprehensive update on the present understanding of PPV biology.


Assuntos
Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Suíno/patogenicidade , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Infecções por Parvoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus Suíno/classificação , Parvovirus Suíno/genética , Parvovirus Suíno/imunologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Vacinação , Medicina Veterinária/métodos , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/imunologia
13.
Acta Vet Hung ; 65(2): 253-261, 2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28605965

RESUMO

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) can cause a severe enteric disease affecting pigs of all ages. In January 2016, diarrhoea with occasional vomiting was observed in a small pig farm in Hungary. All animals became affected, while mortality (of up to 30%) was only seen in piglets. Samples from different age groups and the carcass of a piglet were examined by various methods including pathology, bacteriology and molecular biology. PEDV was confirmed by PCR and its whole genome sequence was determined. The sequence PEDV HUN/5031/2016 showed high identity with recently reported European viruses. Differences were found mostly in the S gene, where recombination was detected with a newly identified and already recombinant swine enteric coronavirus (Se-CoV) from Italy. The present report describes the first porcine epidemic diarrhoea outbreak in Hungary after many years and gives an insight into the genetics of the Hungarian PEDV.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Hungria/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Vírus Reordenados , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
14.
PLoS One ; 11(3): e0151036, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26974825

RESUMO

Porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2) is a member of a recently discovered group of swine parvoviruses occurring worldwide. It is frequently detected in lung samples suggesting some pathological role of the virus in diseases. To study this possibility an indirect ELISA was developed to detect PPV2 specific antibodies and to examine the serological profile of an infected swine herd where 185 serum samples collected from different age groups including sows were analyzed. According to the results maternal antibody levels decreased until 14 days of age and PPV2 specific antibodies started to rise between 28 to 43 days of age when respiratory signs were also observed in the examined swine herd. At 57 days of age the clinical signs disappeared and a rapid increase of PPV2 specific antibody levels could be measured simultaneously, peaking at 57 days of age. The viraemic status of different age groups was determined by qPCR using serum samples. At least a low level of viraemia was measured in every age group, but higher copy number of PPV2 was only detected at 57 days of age and the level decreased in older age groups. The changes in virus load and antibody levels together with the onset and decrease of clinical signs suggested that PPV2 had a role in the development of respiratory signs.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Suíno/imunologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por Parvoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Fatores de Tempo , Viremia/imunologia
15.
Acta Vet Hung ; 63(2): 215-22, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26051260

RESUMO

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated reproductive disease was diagnosed in a herd containing only gilts. A single case of abortion occurred and no other disorder was evident in the herd. PCV2 antigen and/or DNA were detected in two aborted fetuses. One of the fetuses, revealing both PCV2 DNA and antigen, presented multinucleated giant cells, severe vascular lesions (intramural oedema, fibrinoid necrosis, mild lympho-histiocytic vasculitis, fibrin thrombi) and mild non-suppurative inflammation in the lungs. Other abortifacient infections were not found. This is the only report of PCV2-induced abortion in Hungary since 1999, when PCV2-associated disease was first discovered in the country.

16.
Arch Virol ; 159(9): 2441-4, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24696272

RESUMO

In recent years, the number of cases of disease caused by canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) in vaccinated dogs has increased. The aim of the present study was to identify CPV-2 strains present in Hungary. Forty-two out of 50 faecal specimens examined were positive, and 25 VP2 sequences were determined and analysed. Based on the current classification, the Hungarian viruses belong to New CPV-2a type, except two viruses that are recombinants of vaccine viruses and CPV-2a strains. The Tyr324Ile alteration was detected for the first time in Europe, and a "Hungarian-specific" substitution (Ala516Thr) was also identified in this study. The immunologically important parts of the currently spreading canine parvoviruses were examined and found to differ greatly from the vaccine strains that are widely used in Hungary.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/virologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Canino/classificação , Parvovirus Canino/genética , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genética , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Animais , DNA Viral/química , DNA Viral/genética , Cães , Fezes/virologia , Genótipo , Hungria , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Parvovirus Canino/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vacinas Virais/imunologia
17.
Acta Vet Hung ; 62(1): 125-33, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23974941

RESUMO

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a coronavirus-induced disease of pigs, characterised by diarrhoea and vomiting. The incidence of the disease had been decreasing since the late 1980s when deletion mutant variants (porcine respiratory coronavirus, PRCoV) of the virus emerged, repressing TGE gradually. Although disease manifestations are infrequent, the virus is still present in pig herds, causing sporadic outbreaks in a milder form. Identification and characterisation of the spike genes from TGEV and PRCoV, detected in such outbreaks, were performed in Hungary. Analysis of the amplified partial gene sequences showed that TGEV was present in herds with TGE clinical signs together with PRCoV. The sequences, apart from the deletions in PRCoV, were identical and at least two types of PRCoV spike proteins could be identified based on the length of the deleted sequence.

18.
J Gen Virol ; 94(Pt 10): 2330-2337, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23884365

RESUMO

To elucidate the spatiotemporal phylodynamics, dispersion and evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of novel porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), PPV3 and PPV4 species, we analysed all available complete capsid genes, together with ours, obtained in Europe. Bayesian phylogeography indicates that Romania (PPV2 and PPV4) and Croatia (PPV3) are the most likely ancestral areas from which PPVs have subsequently spread to other European countries and regions. The timescale of our reconstruction supported a relatively recent history of the currently circulating novel PPV species (1920s to 1980s) in the domestic or sylvatic host. While PPV2 strains exhibited a large genetic exchange characterized by significant recombination and gene flow between distinct regions and hosts, PPV3 and PPV4 showed a diversification reflected by the accumulation of geographically structured polymorphisms. The RNA-like evolutionary rates detected inter- and intrahost recombination and the positive selection sites provided evidence that the PPV2-4 capsid gene plays a prominent role in host adaptation.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Parvovirus Suíno/genética , Parvovirus Suíno/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Evolução Molecular , Saúde Global , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Parvoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Parvoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
19.
Vet Microbiol ; 166(1-2): 200-13, 2013 Sep 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23850440

RESUMO

Torque teno sus viruses (TTSuV1-2), members of the newly established family Anelloviridae are considered non-pathogenic emerging viral agents of Suidae species. However, the genetic diversity, phylogeny and evolutionary processes responsible for the emergence and spread of TTSuVs in wild boars remain poorly understood. Here we implemented phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses to address key questions on the genetic diversity, evolutionary scenario and spatio-temporal dynamics of emerging TTSuVs in wild boars of the Western region (Transylvania) of Romania. High levels of genetic diversity of wild boar origin TTSuV1-2 have been found as well as a new TTSuV1 genotype and several new subtypes. Phylogenies suggest that several wild boar viral strains in both TTSuV species are likely to have emerged from a well-defined ancestor approximately 40 (TTSuV1) and 18 (TTSuV2) years ago and showed independent evolutionary trajectories. Bayesian phylogeography showed an intense flow of viral strains throughout the Transylvanian counties possibly related to wild host migrations, facilitating the rapid spread of TTSuVs. The intra-genotype and inter- and intrahost level recombination, intense spatio-temporal viral flow and the positively selected sites found in the ORF2 genes should be considered important driving forces shaping TTSuVs evolution. The first reported rates of nucleotide substitution for porcine anelloviruses, estimated to be 5.29-5.51 × 10(-4)subs site(-1)year(-1), are in line with those measured previously for mammalian ssDNA viruses and RNA viruses. These high evolutionary rates of TTSuVs, independent of recombination, are reflections of adaptive evolution, an important factor in the emergence of novel viral variants which may explain their ability to emerge in Suidae hosts.


Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus de DNA/veterinária , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Filogenia , Sus scrofa/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Torque teno virus/classificação , Torque teno virus/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Infecções por Vírus de DNA/virologia , Genótipo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogeografia , Recombinação Genética , Suínos , Torque teno virus/genética
20.
Infect Genet Evol ; 17: 277-82, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23523821

RESUMO

Improvements and widespread use of nucleic acid amplification and sequencing methods have led to the recognition of new virus diversity in various domestic animals, including pigs. In this study we utilized either virus species specific or broadly reactive PCR assays to describe the occurrence and genetic diversity of selected DNA viruses belonging to families Adenoviridae, Circoviridae, Anelloviridae and Parvoviridae in Cameroonian pigs. Fecal specimens were collected during spring of 2011. No adenoviruses, circoviruses and anelloviruses were detected, however, high prevalence and remarkable genetic diversity within the identified parvoviruses and, particularly, within bocaviruses was observed. PPV4 was the most prevalent virus (20%), followed by PBoV3 (18%), PBoV4 (18%), PBoV5 plus 6V/7V (16%), and PBoV1 plus PBoV2 (6%). The frequency of mixed infections with various combinations of these virus species reached 20%. Genetic analysis of the identified viruses showed that the capsid gene of PBoV1 and PBoV2 strains shared up to 91% and 94%nt sequence similarities to reference PBoV1 and PBoV2 strains, respectively. The identified PBoV3 and PBoV4 strains shared ≤ 95% and ≤ 98%nt identities with reference PBoV3 and PBoV4 strains, respectively, along the NS gene, whereas the PBoV5 strains shared 86%nt identities with Hungarian and 87%nt identities with Chinese PBoV5 strains along the capsid gene. In addition, a single PBoV5-like strain shared ≤ 71%nt sequence identity with other PBoV5 strains. This is the first study to report evidence of the circulation of bocaviruses in Africa and contributes to our understanding of the impact of globalization on the dispersal of new and emerging viruses.


Assuntos
Bocavirus/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Suínos/virologia , Animais , Bocavirus/classificação , Bocavirus/isolamento & purificação , Camarões/epidemiologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Fezes/virologia , Incidência , Filogenia , Prevalência , Proteínas Virais/genética
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