RESUMO
This multi-disciplinary work provides an updated assessment of possible future eruptive scenarios for the city of Rome. Seven new 40Ar/39Ar ages from selected products of the Monti Sabatini and Vulsini volcanic districts, along with a compilation of all the literature ages on the Colli Albani and Vico products, are used to reconstruct and compare the eruptive histories of the Monti Sabatini and Colli Albani over the last 900 ka, in order to define their present state of activity. Petrographic analyses of the dated units characterize the crystal cargo, and Advanced-InSAR analysis highlights active deformation in the MS. We also review the historical and instrumental seismicity affecting this region. Based on the chronology of the most recent phases and the time elapsed between the last eruptions, we conclude that the waning/extinguishment of eruptive activity shifted progressively from NW to SE, from northern Latium toward the Neapolitan area, crossing the city of Rome. Although Monti Sabatini is unaffected by the unrest indicators presently occurring at the Colli Albani, it should be regarded as a dormant volcanic district, as the time of 70 kyr elapsed since the last eruption is of the same order of the longest dormancies occurred in the past.
RESUMO
We provide a database of the surface ruptures produced by the 26 December 2018 Mw 4.9 earthquake that struck the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in Sicily (southern Italy). Despite its relatively small magnitude, this shallow earthquake caused about 8 km of surface faulting, along the trace of the NNW-trending active Fiandaca Fault. Detailed field surveys have been performed in the epicentral area to map the ruptures and to characterize their kinematics. The surface ruptures show a dominant right-oblique sense of displacement with an average slip of about 0.09 m and a maximum value of 0.35 m. We have parsed and organized all observations in a concise database, with 932 homogeneous georeferenced records. The Fiandaca Fault is part of the complex active Timpe faults system affecting the eastern flank of Etna, and its seismic history indicates a prominent surface-faulting potential. Therefore, this database is essential for unravelling the seismotectonics of shallow earthquakes in volcanic areas, and contributes updating empirical scaling regressions that relate magnitude and extent of surface faulting.
RESUMO
In July 1987 a prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) was activated in Verona (Italy) and a broad educational campaign was introduced. Prehospital care is delivered by emergency physicians and/or qualified nursing staff, who travel by ambulance or helicopter and have radio contact with the hospital alarm centre. During a 1-year period before the activation of the EMS, 476 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) of Verona, with a median delay time of 4 hours. In the period between July 1990 and June 1991, 412 patients were admitted, with a median delay time of 3 hours. Age, gender, previous AMI and infarct location were not related to delay time. In the second period, 34% patients used the EMS, while 66% used their own transport. In patients who used the EMS, median delay time was 2 hours (1 hour and 20 min shorter, p < 0.01, than in patients who did not). The time between symptoms onset and reaching the decision that medical care should be sought (1 hour and 18 min) was the longest component of the total delay time. The time from EMS call to hospital arrival was 25 min and the time which elapsed in the Emergency Department before reaching the CCU was 15 min. In these patients, decision time and Emergency Department time were significantly shorter (p < 0.01) than in patients who did not use the EMS. We conclude that the EMS is effective in reducing delay time in patients with AMI.
