Prenatal indole-3-carbinol administration activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor-responsive genes and attenuates lung injury in a bronchopulmonary dysplasia model.

Hyperoxia-hypoxia exposure is a proposed cause of alveolar developmental arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress vulnerability are increased. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is one of the main activators of the antioxidant enzyme system that protects tissues and systems from damage. The present study aimed to determine if the activation of the AhR signaling pathway by prenatal administration of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) protects rat pups from hyperoxia-hypoxia-induced lung injury. To assess the activation of protein-encoding genes related to the AhR signaling pathway (Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Ugt1a6, Nqo1, and Gsta1), pup lungs were excised at 0, 24, and 72 h after birth, and mRNA expression levels were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays (RT-qPCR). An adapted Ratner's method was used in rats to evaluate radial alveolar counts (RACs) and the degree of fibrosis. The results reveal that the relative expression of AhR-related genes in rat pups of prenatally I3C-treated dams was significantly different from that of untreated dams. The RAC was significantly lower in the hyperoxia-hypoxia group (4.0 ± 1.0) than that in the unexposed control group (8.0 ± 2.0; P < 0.01). When rat pups of prenatally I3C-treated dams were exposed to hyperoxia-hypoxia, an RAC recovery was observed, and the fibrosis index was similar to that of the unexposed control group. A cytokine antibody array revealed an increase in the NF-κB signaling cascade in I3C-treated pups, suggesting that the pathway could regulate the inflammatory process under the stimulus of this compound. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that I3C prenatal treatment activates AhR-responsive genes in pup's lungs and hence attenuates lung damage caused by hyperoxia-hypoxia exposure in newborns.

[Ileal carcinoid tumor manifesting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage and diagnosed with capsule endoscopy: Case report]. / Tumor carcinoide ileal manifestado por hemorragia gastrointestinal y diagnosticado por cápsula endoscópica: reporte de un caso.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of carcinoid tumor of the small bowel that produced hemorrhage and was identified by capsule endoscopy before surgery. INTRODUCTION: Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel are difficult to diagnose since most of them are asymptomatic and endoscopic examination by standard methods is not possible. Therefore they are rarely detected before a surgical procedure. METHOD: A review of the literature is done. Emphasis in the importance of early diagnosis due to its invasive tendency is also made. RESULTS: Male patient who had 3 episodes of malena along three years before hospitalisation. During this period three upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (EGD), three colonoscopies, two small bowel scintigraphies, one mesenteric angiography and one CAT scan were done before a capsule endoscopy was performed. This procedure revealed a tumor 0.8 cm diameter in the ileum, which was surgically resected. The pathological examination revealed carcinoid tumor invading the serosa. CONCLUSIONS: The carcinoid tumor is highly infiltrating, therefore early diagnose is mandatory. Since the capsule endoscopy makes possible the complete examination of the small bowel, it should be indicated in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage in whom EGD and colonoscopy are negative.

Leiomiosarcoma primario de la glándula mamaria: reporte de un caso estudiado mediante ultraestructura e inmunohistoquímica / Primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast: a case with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry

Se informa el caso de un leiomiosarcoma localizado en el cuadrante súpero externo de la glándula mamaria derecha en una mujer de 37 años. El tumor tuvo un crecimiento lento, midió 1.5 cm. de diámetro, era blanco y de consistencia firme. Histológicamente estaba constituido por células fusiform s dispuestas en haces entrecruzados. En las áreas más celulares había de 5 a 6 mitosis por 10 campos a seco fuerte. La inmunohistoquímica fue positiva poara el antígeno muscular específico y en el estudio ultraestructural, las células mostraron miofibrillas y hemodesmosomas. Existen sólo 11 casos publicados de leiomiosarcoma primario de la gándula mamaria cuyas características más importantes son: es más frecuente en mujeres mayores de cincuenta años, es de bajo grado de malignidad y el tratamiento consiste en resección quirúrgica con bordes amplios

Carcinoma branquiogénico informe de un caso en un niño y revisión de la literatura / Branchiogenic carcinoma. A case report in a child and a review of the literatura

El carcinoma branquiogénico es una neoplasia maligna que ha despertado controversia en la literatura mundial ya que muchos autores dudan o niegan la existencia de esta neoplasia, la cual corresponde a una neoplasia epitelial maligna que se origina en el epitelio de revestimiento de un quiste branquial. Presentamos el caso de un carcinoma espinocelular originado en un quiste branquial, con cinco años de seguimiento posterior al diagnóstico, en un niño de 8 años de edad, el cual reune los criterios establecidos por Martin para definir este tipo de neoplasias. Actualmente el paciente se encuentra libre de neoplasia y sin evidencia de un tumor primario en nasofaringe