Recomendaciones para el manejo de la comorbilidad en la práctica clínica en pacientes con espondiloartritis axia / Recommendations for the Management of Comorbidity in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis in Clinical Practice

Objetivos: Identificar las comorbilidades prioritarias en la espondiloartritis axial (EspAx) y recomendar cómo hacer su seguimiento desde una perspectiva eminentemente práctica. Métodos: Se seleccionó a un grupo multidisciplinar (10 reumatólogos [6 expertos en EspAx], 2 médicos de familia, una internista, una cardióloga, una gastroenteróloga y una psicóloga). En una primera reunión de discusión, se establecieron el alcance y los usuarios, y se votó una lista de comorbilidades sobre la base de la frecuencia y el impacto. Los panelistas debían defender con argumentos consistentes la inclusión de cada comorbilidad/ítem en el documento. Cuatro panelistas y 2 metodólogos, desarrollaron revisiones sistemáticas en temas controvertidos. En una segunda reunión se presentaron los resultados de las revisiones y los argumentos de todos los ítems a incluir. Tras esta reunión se redactó el documento final. Resultados: El documento final incluye 2 listas de comprobación (checklist), una para profesionales sanitarios y otra para pacientes, que recogen: riesgo cardiovascular, comorbilidad renal, riesgo gastrointestinal, estilo de vida, riesgo de infecciones y vacunación, afectación pulmonar, medicación concomitante, trastornos psicoafectivos, osteoporosis y riesgo de fractura. Además, el documento refleja los argumentos para incluir cada ítem y la manera de recoger los ítems. Asimismo, el panel consideró oportuno establecer unas «prácticas a evitar» aplicables a la comorbilidad de la EspAx. Conclusiones: Se generaron 2 listas de comprobación y un listado de escenarios a evitar para facilitar el manejo de las comorbilidades de la EspAx. En pasos posteriores probaremos su utilidad y su aceptación por un grupo amplio de usuarios que incluya médicos, pacientes y enfermeras

Objectives: To identify priorities among comorbidities in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and recommend how to follow them from an eminently practical perspective. Methods: A multidisciplinary group was selected (10 rheumatologists-six of them experts in AxSpA-, 2 general practitioners, an internist, a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist and a psychologist). In a first discussion meeting, the scope and users were established and a list of comorbidities was voted based on frequency and impact. The panelists had to defend the inclusion of each comorbidity/item in the document with consistent arguments. Four panelists and two methodologists developed systematic reviews on controversial topics. In a second meeting, the results of the reviews and the arguments concerning the items to be included were presented. After the meeting, the final document was drafted. Results: The final document includes two checklists, one for health professionals and another for patients; they incorporate cardiovascular risk, renal comorbidities, gastrointestinal risk, lifestyle, risk of infections and vaccinations, pulmonary involvement, concomitant medication, psycho-affective disorders, osteoporosis, and risk of fracture. In addition, the document reflects the arguments favoring the inclusion of each item and how to record the items for subsequent collection. The panel considered it also appropriate to likewise establish «practices to avoid» applicable to comorbidity in AxSpA. Conclusions: Two checklists and a list of situations to avoid were generated to facilitate the management of comorbidities in AxSpA. In a future step, their utility and acceptance will be tested by a broad group of users that includes doctors, patients and nurses

Prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures in axial spondyloarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of osteoporosis, the prevalence and incidence of fractures, and the frequency of risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in axial spondyloarthritis (Ax-SpA). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched with a sensitive strategy. Large cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published in the last 10 years (January 2006-2016) with representative samples of patients with Ax-SpA estimating the frequency of osteoporosis, risk factors or fractures were selected. RESULTS: After screening 3597 titles and abstracts, 46 studies were reviewed in detail, of which 35 studies had a cross-sectional design, 5 were prospective and 6 retrospective; 21 studies compared Ax-SpA patients with a control group-either healthy individuals (18 studies) or subjects with other diseases (6 studies). The prevalence of osteoporosis varied from 11.7% to 34.4% and that of fractures from 11% to 24.6%. Alcohol intake (58-61%), use of corticosteroids (11.7-66.9%), and 25-OH vitamin D deficiency (26-76%) were unexpectedly high in Ax-SpA patients. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in Ax-SpA varies between 11.7% and 34.4% and 11-24.6%, respectively. Alcohol intake, steroid use, and low levels of 25-OH-vitamin D should be taken into account in osteoporosis assessment in patients with Ax-SpA. Inconsistent results, lack of bone quality assessment, and high likelihood of bias of the published studies confirm the need for performing well-designed studies.

Recommendations for the Management of Comorbidity in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis in Clinical Practice. / Recomendaciones para el manejo de la comorbilidad en la práctica clínica en pacientes con espondiloartritis axial.

OBJECTIVES: To identify priorities among comorbidities in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and recommend how to follow them from an eminently practical perspective. METHODS: A multidisciplinary group was selected (10 rheumatologists-six of them experts in AxSpA-, 2 general practitioners, an internist, a cardiologist, a gastroenterologist and a psychologist). In a first discussion meeting, the scope and users were established and a list of comorbidities was voted based on frequency and impact. The panelists had to defend the inclusion of each comorbidity/item in the document with consistent arguments. Four panelists and two methodologists developed systematic reviews on controversial topics. In a second meeting, the results of the reviews and the arguments concerning the items to be included were presented. After the meeting, the final document was drafted. RESULTS: The final document includes two checklists, one for health professionals and another for patients; they incorporate cardiovascular risk, renal comorbidities, gastrointestinal risk, lifestyle, risk of infections and vaccinations, pulmonary involvement, concomitant medication, psycho-affective disorders, osteoporosis, and risk of fracture. In addition, the document reflects the arguments favoring the inclusion of each item and how to record the items for subsequent collection. The panel considered it also appropriate to likewise establish «practices to avoid¼ applicable to comorbidity in AxSpA. CONCLUSIONS: Two checklists and a list of situations to avoid were generated to facilitate the management of comorbidities in AxSpA. In a future step, their utility and acceptance will be tested by a broad group of users that includes doctors, patients and nurses.

Barriers and Facilitators for the Practice of Physical Exercise in Patients With Spondyloarthritis: Qualitative Study of Focus Groups (EJES-3D). / Barreras y facilitadores para la práctica del ejercicio físico en pacientes con espondiloartritis: estudio cualitativo de grupos focales (EJES-3D).

OBJECTIVES: To explore barriers to exercise of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and to propose facilitators. METHODS: Analysis of the speech of focus groups. It included the identification the elements that shape the studied reality, description of the relationship between them and synthesis through: 1) Thematic segmentation, 2) Categorization according to situations, relationships, opinions, feelings or others, 3) Coding of the various categories and 4) Interpretation of results. RESULTS: Two focus groups of one hour each with 11 patients recruited from associations and social networks in Madrid and surrounding provinces took place (64% men, 72% between 40 and 60 years, 57% with disease duration longer than 10 years, 80% performed some type of exercise or physical activity). The following were identified: 1) barriers to exercise, among which the following pointed out: disinformation, fear, pain, distrust, and prior negative experiences with exercise; 2) facilitators to exercise: the complementary to barriers plus regularity and social and professional support; 3) items that could influence in either way, negative or positively; and 4) four phases of coping with exercise or physical activity in SpA. CONCLUSION: Apart from recognizing the existence of some modifiable personal factors, patients generally demand: more knowledge and education on exercise, including the pros and cons in the context of their disease, and coherence of messages received, together with better monitors that accompany them in their coping with disease and exercise.

Calidad de vida profesional de enfermería en urgencias de un hospital de referencia / Professional quality of life of nurse in a hospital emergency unit reference

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue medir la Calidad de Vida Profesional de los enfermeros en la unidad de urgencias de un hospital en su puesto de trabajo, a través de tres dimensiones: motivación intrínseca, apoyo directivo y cargas de trabajo. La mayoría de estudios sobre calidad de vida a nivel mundial se hacen principalmente en colectivos de enseñanza y también los profesionales de la salud, sufren desgaste profesional, según estudios diversos. Si queremos mejorar la calidad de los cuidados prestados, debemos empezar conociendo cómo percibe el profesional de Enfermería dicha calidad de vida, así como si existen o no factores que la condicionen. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con análisis correlacional. El presente estudió investigó la calidad de vida profesional de los enfermeros de una Unidad de Urgencias de un Hospital público español. Fue llevado a cabo entre Marzo y Mayo de 2014. Para ello se utilizó el 'cuestionario CVP-35'. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue alta. Los enfermeros percibieron una baja calidad de vida profesional. La calidad de vida profesional se correlaciona con el Apoyo directivo y la Motivación intrínseca, aunque no se asocia con la Carga de Trabajo. La edad es la variable sociodemográfica que influye en cómo perciben su calidad de vida profesional los enfermeros de urgencias. Conclusión: En relación con otros estudios, si mejoramos el Apoyo directivo, la percepción de la calidad de vida profesional de los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en urgencias aumentaría (AU)

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the quality of professional life of nurses in their workplace in the emergency unit of a Hospital, through three dimensions intrinsic motivation, support and management workloads. Most studies on quality of life worldwide are made primarily in teaching groups and health professionals. According to various studies, this group is very likely to suffer burnout. If we improve the quality of care provided, we must start knowing how nursing professionals perceive quality of life, as well as whether there are constraining factors involved. Methods: Cross-sectional study survey of nurses working in an Emergency Unit of a Spanish public hospital. It was conducted between March and May of 2014. The sample consisted on 60 subjects. Data were collected using the CVP-35 questionnaire. Results: The response rate was high. The nurses perceived low quality of professional life. The professional quality of life correlates with management support and intrinsic motivation, although no association with the workload was found. Age is the demographic variable that influences how they perceive their quality of working life emergency nurses. Conclusion: Compared to other studies, if we improve the management support, perception of the quality of working life of nurses working in emergency increase (AU)