RESUMO
The control and prevention of infection in emergency departments (EDs) remains challenging because of the complexity of the environment and the consistently high attendance in many EDs. Emergency nurses play an essential role in infection prevention and control in this clinical area. The COVID-19 pandemic has refocused the need for emergency nurses to have a good knowledge and understanding of infection control processes and the clinical skills to protect themselves and patients alike. This article provides an overview of UK epidemiological perspectives, the main pathogens associated with healthcare infections, the importance of reducing pathogen transmission and the emergency nurse's role in antibiotic stewardship.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Ankle injuries can account for up to 3.8% of UK Emergency Department (ED) presentations per annum and this figure is comparative to the 4.4% in North America. Growing ED attendance impacts on crowding, waiting times, patient satisfaction and service provision. One way to streamline service would be widespread use of the Ottawa Ankle Rules (OAR), which reduces the need to wait for radiography. AIM: To examine the best available evidence on the impact of OAR on ED length of stay (LoS) following standard systematic review methodology. METHODS: A systematic search was undertaken in the CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and BNI databases. Studies that examined OAR use in the ED adult population were considered. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. RESULTS: All four studies point towards a reduction in LoS following OAR introduction. The quality of the body of evidence is considered to be low due to moderate risk of bias and indirectness between the studies. DISCUSSION: A strong body of evidence supports OAR use in reducing radiography but further research is needed to explore impact on LoS. This would inform clinical practice and potentially combat current pressures faced within EDs worldwide.
