RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe the characteristics of the transport system of critically ill pediatric patients in the emergency departments (EDs) in Latin America (LA). METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective cross-sectional study in a 1-year period. Patients were recruited on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of each month in the EDs in LA. We included ill-pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years. Patients who needed transfer for a diagnostic study, with arrival mode not by ambulance, or with the impossibility of interviewing the transfer team were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 389 patients were included in the study. The majority were males (57%) with a median age of 49 months (interquartile range, 10-116). Thirty-three percent (129) of transfers had the participation of a coordinating center; 97.1% (375) were carried out by road ambulance, and 84.3% (323) were interhospital transfers, with a mean distance traveled of 83.2 km (SD, 105 km). The main reason for transfer in 88.17% (343) was the need for a more complex health center. The main diagnosis was respiratory distress (71; 18.2%), acute abdomen (70; 18%), Traumatic Brain Injury (33; 8.48%), multiple trauma (32; 8.23%), septic shock (31; 7.9%), and COVID-19-related illness (19; 4.8%). A total of 296 (76.5%) patients had peripheral vascular access, and 171 (44%) patients had oxygen support with 49 (28.6%) having invasive ventilation; the most frequent monitoring method (67.8%) was pulse oximetry, and 83.4% (313) did not record adverse events. Regarding the transfer team, 88% (342) had no specialized personnel, and only 62.4% (243) had a physician on their teams. CONCLUSIONS: In LA, there is great variability in personnel training, equipment for pediatric transport, team composition, and characterization of critical care transport systems. Continued efforts to improve conditions in our countries may help reduce patient morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Ambulâncias , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Estudos Prospectivos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Transferência de Pacientes/métodos , Estado Terminal/epidemiologia , Estado Terminal/terapiaRESUMO
RESUMEN El transporte del paciente pediátrico en estado crítico en tiempos de COVID 19 representa un desafío, especialmente en un entorno de recursos limitados. Es posible que los hospitales regionales en muchas partes del mundo no estén completamente equipados para tratar a niños con necesidades médicas complejas y en casos de infección por coronavirus. En muchos casos, los equipos de transporte deben tomar decisiones complejas durante todo el proceso, desde la llamada inicial al hospital receptor y la atención del paciente. Los niños en un entorno de recursos limitados tienen un mayor riesgo de eventos adversos y deterioro clínico. El objetivo de este documento es estandarizar aspectos relacionados con el transporte de pacientes sospechosos / confirmados de COVID-19, a fin de reducir el riesgo de transmisión durante el proceso, proteger al personal de salud, evitar el deterioro fisiológico de los pacientes durante el transporte y el posterior contagio de otros pacientes que puedan ser trasladados en la ambulancia.
ABSTRACT Transporting the critically ill pediatric patient in times of COVID 19 is challenging, especially in a resource-limited setting. Regional hospitals in many parts of the world may not be fully equipped to treat children with complex medical needs and coronavirus infection. In many cases, transportation teams must make complex decisions throughout the care process, from the initial call at the receiving hospital to all aspects of caring for the patient. Children in a resource-limited setting are at increased risk for adverse events and clinical decline. The purpose of this document is to standardize aspects related to the transport of suspected / confirmed COVID-19 patients, in order to reduce transmission risk during the process, protect health-care personnel, avoid clinical deterioration of patients during transport and prevent subsequent virus transmission to other patients who may later be transferred in the same ambulance.
