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1.
Eur J Prev Cardiol ; 31(1): 77-99, 2024 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37607255

RESUMO

AIMS: Hypertensive pregnancy is associated with increased risks of developing a range of vascular disorders in later life. Understanding when hypertensive target organ damage first emerges could guide optimal timing of preventive interventions. This review identifies evidence of hypertensive target organ damage across cardiac, vascular, cerebral, and renal systems at different time points from pregnancy to postpartum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Systematic review of Ovid/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to and including February 2023 including review of reference lists. Identified articles underwent evaluation via a synthesis without meta-analysis using a vote-counting approach based on direction of effect, regardless of statistical significance. Risk of bias was assessed for each outcome domain, and only higher quality studies were used for final analysis. From 7644 articles, 76 studies, including data from 1 742 698 pregnancies, were identified of high quality that reported either blood pressure trajectories or target organ damage during or after a hypertensive pregnancy. Left ventricular hypertrophy, white matter lesions, proteinuria, and retinal microvasculature changes were first evident in women during a hypertensive pregnancy. Cardiac, cerebral, and retinal changes were also reported in studies performed during the early and late post-partum period despite reduction in blood pressure early postpartum. Cognitive dysfunction was first reported late postpartum. CONCLUSION: The majority of target organ damage reported during a hypertensive pregnancy remains evident throughout the early and late post-partum period despite variation in blood pressure. Early peri-partum strategies may be required to prevent or reverse target organ damage in women who have had a hypertensive pregnancy.


This review identifies evidence of damage to the heart, brain, and blood vessels during and after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and compares the pattern of changes that occur to blood pressure variations. Changes in the heart, brain, and blood vessels are first found in women during a hypertensive pregnancy and are also reported early after pregnancy. The majority of target organ damage reported remains evident long after pregnancy despite variation in blood pressure levels.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Período Pós-Parto , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/patologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/patologia , Fatores de Tempo
2.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 122(4): 1045-1057, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35166903

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The human neuro-motor system can select different intermuscular coordination patterns to complete any given task, such as pedalling a bicycle. This study assessed whether intermuscular coordination patterns are used consistently across visit days and cadence conditions in recreationally active individuals. METHODS: Seven participants completed a cycling exercise protocol across 2 days, consisting of pedalling at 150 Watts at cadences of 60, 80 and 100 rpm. Whilst cycling, surface electromyography was continuously recorded from ten leg muscles. For each participant, muscle coordination patterns were established using principal component (PC) analysis and the amount that each pattern was used was quantified by the PC loading scores. A sample entropy derived measure of the persistence of the loading scores across consecutive pedal cycles, entropic half-life (EnHL), was calculated. The median loading scores and EnHLs of the first three PCs were then compared across cadence conditions and visit days. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the median loading scores across cadence conditions or visits, nor were there any significant differences in the EnHLs across visits. However, the EnHLs were significantly longer when participants were cycling at 60 rpm compared to 100 rpm. CONCLUSION: These findings are based on a small sample size, but do suggest that, within individual participants, a consistent neuromuscular control strategy is used during cycling on different days. However, the underlying structure of muscle coordination is more persistent when pedalling at slower cadences with large differences between individuals.


Assuntos
Ciclismo , Perna (Membro) , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Eletromiografia , Humanos , Perna (Membro)/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia
4.
Perception ; 47(2): 197-215, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29161965

RESUMO

The experience of seeing one's own face in a mirror is a common experience in daily life. Visual feedback from a mirror is linked to a sense of identity. We developed a procedure that allowed individuals to watch their own face, as in a normal mirror, or with specific distortions (lag) for active movement or passive touch. By distorting visual feedback while the face is being observed on a screen, we document an illusion of reduced embodiment. Participants made mouth movements, while their forehead was touched with a pen. Visual feedback was either synchronous (simultaneous) with reality, as in a mirror, or asynchronous (delayed). Asynchronous feedback was exclusive to touch or movement in different conditions and incorporated both in a third condition. Following stimulation, participants rated their perception of the face in the mirror, and perception of their own face, on questions that tapped into agency and ownership. Results showed that perceptions of both agency and ownership were affected by asynchrony. Effects related to agency, in particular, were moderated by individual differences in depersonalisation and auditory hallucination-proneness, variables with theoretical links to embodiment. The illusion presents a new way of investigating the extent to which body representations are malleable.


Assuntos
Despersonalização/fisiopatologia , Reconhecimento Facial/fisiologia , Retroalimentação Sensorial/fisiologia , Alucinações/fisiopatologia , Ilusões/fisiologia , Autoimagem , Percepção do Tato/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
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