Efficacy of two endectoparasiticide products combining fipronil and (S)-methoprene or esafoxolaner with eprinomectin and praziquantel against fleas and intestinal helminths in cats naturally infested in Brazil.

Eprinomectin and praziquantel, nematodicide and cestodicide compounds, are both combined with the insecticide and acaricide compounds fipronil and (S)-methoprene in Frontline® Protect/Broadline®, or esafoxolaner in NexGard® Combo. These topical feline endectoparasiticide products were tested for efficacy against fleas and intestinal helminths in a field trial in Brazil. Flea- and/or helminth-infested domestic cats were treated twice at a monthly interval following label instructions: 160 cats with Frontline® Protect/Broadline® and 165 cats with NexGard® Combo. The flea and intestinal helminth infestations were evaluated using comb counts and copromicroscopy, respectively before first treatment for baseline value, then 9 and 30 days after each treatment for fleas, and 9 days after each treatment for helminths. Multiparasitism was very frequent at baseline, as amongst the 325 included cats, 295, 280, 86 and 93 cats were at least infested with Ctenocephalides fleas, Ancylostoma, Toxocara and Dipylidium caninum, respectively. Efficacies were calculated by comparing the geometric means at baseline and at post-treatment timepoints for each parasite genus/species. Inclusive of both products and of all evaluation timepoints, the Ctenocephalides, Ancylostoma, Toxocara and D. caninum efficacies were at least 98.3%, 99.8%, 99.8% and 96.3%, respectively. No adverse reactions were observed, except for a few instances of mild, transient, and self-resolving hypersalivation occurring on the day of treatment in both groups. This field trial demonstrated high-level efficacy of Frontline® Protect/Broadline® and NexGard® Combo against major parasites of cats in Brazil.

TITLE: Efficacité de deux produits endectoparasiticides associant fipronil et (S)-méthoprène ou esafoxolaner à l'éprinomectine et au praziquantel contre les puces et les helminthes intestinaux chez les chats naturellement infestés au Brésil. ABSTRACT: L'éprinomectine et le praziquantel, composés nématodicides et cestodicides, sont tous les deux associés aux composés insecticides et acaricides fipronil et (S)-méthoprène dans Frontline® Protect/Broadline®, ou esafoxolaner dans NexGard® Combo. Ces produits endectoparasiticides félins topiques ont été testés pour leur efficacité contre les puces et les helminthes intestinaux lors d'un essai sur le terrain au Brésil. Des chats domestiques infestés de puces et/ou d'helminthes ont été traités deux fois à intervalle d'un mois en suivant les instructions d'utilisation, 160 chats avec Frontline® Protect/Broadline® et 165 chats avec NexGard® Combo. Les infestations par les puces et les helminthes intestinaux ont été évaluées en utilisant respectivement par comptage au peigne et par copromicroscopie, avant le premier traitement pour la valeur de base, puis 9 et 30 jours après chaque traitement pour les puces, et 9 jours après chaque traitement pour les helminthes. Le multiparasitisme était très fréquent à l'inclusion puisque parmi les 325 chats inclus, 295, 280, 86 et 93 chats étaient au moins infestés respectivement par les puces Ctenocephalides, ou Ancylostoma, Toxocara et Dipylidium caninum. Les efficacités ont été calculées en comparant les moyennes géométriques au départ et aux points d'évaluation post-traitement pour chaque genre/espèce de parasite. En incluant les deux produits et tous les points temporels d'évaluation, les efficacités contre Ctenocephalides, Ancylostoma, Toxocara et D. caninum étaient respectivement d'au moins 98,3 %, 99,8 %, 99,8 % et 96,3 %. Aucun effet indésirable n'a été observé à l'exception de quelques cas d'hypersalivation légère, transitoire et auto-résolvante survenant le jour d'un traitement dans les deux groupes. Cet essai sur le terrain a démontré une efficacité de haut niveau de Frontline® Protect / Broadline® et NexGard® Combo contre les principaux parasites des chats au Brésil.

Efficacy of afoxolaner (NexGard®) on the treatment of myiasis caused by the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in naturally infested dogs.

New World screwworm (NWS) myiasis is an infestation by Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae that consume the living tissue of warm-blooded animals, including humans. Domestic dogs are among the potential hosts of these flies that lay their eggs on the edges of wounds. NWS myiasis cases can be fatal if untreated. Treatment with parasiticides must be fast-acting, long-lasting and show 100% efficacy, since open wounds can be reinfested. Afoxolaner is a molecule from the isoxazoline family with proven ectoparasiticide action against fleas, ticks and mites in dogs. Fourteen healthy client-owned dogs, naturally infested by C. hominivorax larvae, were treated with afoxolaner (NexGard®) as per label recommendations, providing at least the minimum dosage of 2.5 mg/kg. Maggot infestations were classified as light (fewer than 10 larvae), mild (from 10 to 20 larvae) or severe (more than 20 larvae), according to the number of larvae found in the wound and/or collected from the ground after treatment. Twenty-four hours post-treatment, infested lesions were carefully inspected and collected larvae were counted and classified as live or dead. All maggots were identified as second and third instar larvae of C. hominivorax and were found dead within 24 h after treatment, demonstrating 100% larvicidal efficacy against C. hominivorax.

[Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cerrado area of Corumbataí Municipality, Central East Region of São Paulo State, Brazil]. / Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) de área de cerrado no Município de Corumbataí, Centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

Distribution and ecology knowledge of sandfly species is essential for epidemiology vigilance and risk determination for transmission of leishmaniasis. Sandfly trapping was carried out in a cerrado strictu sensu vegetation fragment in a rural area of Corumbataí Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, during July to November 2004. Two CDC light traps were used from 18h to 8h, once a month, resulting in 112 total hours of capture. During this period, 60 sandfly specimens of ten different species were sampled. The most abundant species and the one found in all captures was Pintomyia monticola totalizing 15 (25.0%) specimens, the second more abundant one was P. pessoai with 14 (23.3%) and the third one was Brumptomyia guimaraesi with 12 (20.0%) individuals collected. Other captured species were Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, P. bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila and Nyssomyia whitmani which corresponded to 19 (31.2%) specimens captured. Pintomyia pessoai and N. whitmani presence indicates transmission risk of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the area.

Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) de área de cerrado no Município de Corumbataí, Centro-Leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cerrado area of Corumbataí Municipality, Central East Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

O conhecimento da distribuição e ecologia das espécies de flebotomíneos é fundamental para a vigilância epidemiológica das leishmanioses. A pesquisa e a divulgação do encontro destes insetos colaboram para a determinação do risco de transmissão das mesmas. Realizaram-se capturas de flebotomíneos em fragmento de cerrado strictu sensu em área rural do município de Corumbataí, no período de julho a novembro de 2004. Foram utilizadas duas armadilhas luminosas automáticas do tipo CDC, das 18h às 8h, sendo uma coleta por mês, resultando em 112 horas de exposição. Durante o período de estudo, foi capturado um total de 60 flebotomíneos pertencentes a dez espécies diferentes. A espécie mais abundante e a única presente em todas as capturas foi Pintomyia monticola com um total de 15 (25,0 por cento) espécimes, a segunda foi P. pessoai com 14 (23,3 por cento) e a terceira Brumptomyia guimaraesi com 12 (20,0 por cento) indivíduos coletados. As demais espécies, Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, Pintomyia bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila e Nyssomyia whitmani somaram 19 (31,2 por cento) exemplares capturados. A presença de P. pessoai e N. whitmani indica risco de transmissão da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana na área estudada.

Distribution and ecology knowledge of sandfly species is essential for epidemiology vigilance and risk determination for transmission of leishmaniasis. Sandfly trapping was carried out in a cerrado strictu sensu vegetation fragment in a rural area of Corumbataí Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, during July to November 2004. Two CDC light traps were used from 18h to 8h, once a month, resulting in 112 total hours of capture. During this period, 60 sandfly specimens of ten different species were sampled. The most abundant species and the one found in all captures was Pintomyia monticola totalizing 15 (25.0 percent) specimens, the second more abundant one was P. pessoai with 14 (23.3 percent) and the third one was Brumptomyia guimaraesi with 12 (20.0 percent) individuals collected. Other captured species were Psathyromyia aragaoi, B. avellari, B. brumpti, B. cunhai, P. bianchigalatiae, Evandromyia termitophila and Nyssomyia whitmani which corresponded to 19 (31.2 percent) specimens captured. Pintomyia pessoai and N. whitmani presence indicates transmission risk of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the area.