Effects of clamping umbilical cord on the neonatal viability of puppies delivered by cesarean section.

In human neonates, when the umbilical cord is kept intact postpartum, blood continues to flow to the neonate, but this procedure might be difficult in dogs owing to a shorter umbilical cord and several neonates in a litter. However, it might be possible to detach the placenta and keep the umbilical cord intact, allowing residual blood to flow to the puppies. This study compared the effects of clamping versus no clamping of the umbilical cord in dogs born by cesarean section on neonatal vitality. The puppies were assessed by Apgar and reflex scores. Fifty puppies delivered from 16 bitches were randomly allocated to receive immediate umbilical cord clamping (n=25) or no clamping for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing (n=25). The puppies were assessed during the first 5 min of life and 10 min after the first assessment. The no clamping group showed significantly higher Apgar scores (second assessment, P<0.01) and reflex scores (first and second assessments, P<0.05) than the clamping group, implying higher vitality in the no clamping group. The differences observed between the moments (first versus second assessment) of each group was significant (P<0.01), revealing higher vitality in the second assessment. The results suggest that keeping the umbilical cord intact for at least 3 min after the onset of breathing may contribute to increased vitality in puppies delivered by cesarean section without any negative consequences.

Periovulatory administration of firocoxib did not alter ovulation rates and mitigated post-breeding inflammatory response in mares.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammation. However, negative effects of non-selective NSAIDs for treatment of mares with endometritis have been described, including delayed uterine clearance and impairment of ovulations. Firocoxib is a specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and has the ability to act in the uterus of mares. We investigated the effects of firocoxib on ovulation rate, numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and COX-2 protein levels in the endometrial tissue of susceptible mares after insemination. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, twenty mares were evaluated in two consecutive estrous cycles broken into the following groups: Control - no pharmacological interference; Treatment - mares were treated with 0.2 mg/kg of firocoxib orally. The treatment began on the day of ovulation induction, and firocoxib was administered until one day after artificial insemination (AI). Ovulation was induced with 1 mg of deslorelin acetate and the mares were inseminated 24 h after the injection. Ovulation was confirmed 48 h after induction, and embryos were collected eight days after ovulation. Experiment 2: Nine mares susceptible to persistent mating-induced endometritis (PMIE) were artificially inseminated. The mares were examined with ultrasound and inseminated with fresh semen in two consecutive cycles, control and treated, in a cross-over study design. The amount of intrauterine fluid was measured, and endometrial samples were collected 24 h after AI. The number of PMNs was determined by endometrial cytology and biopsy, and COX-2 labeling in endometrial samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Firocoxib treatment did not induce ovulatory failure or affect embryo recovery rate in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, firocoxib treatment reduced inflammation after AI in mares as evidenced with results regarding PMN numbers/percentage and endometrial COX-2 staining. In conclusion, the proposed treatment with firocoxib reduced endometrial inflammation in mares susceptible to PMIE after breeding, with no adverse effects.

Qual o papel do professor-colaborador no contexto do estágio curricular supervisionado na Educação Física? / What is the mentors’ role in the context of supervised curricular trainning in physical education?

O estudo se reporta ao Estágio Curricular Supervisionado e ao papel dos professores-colaboradores (PC), professor da escola de educação básica que recebe estagiários em condição oficial de estágio curricular supervisionado, tendo como objetivos: (a) apresentar o papel do PC na legislação brasileira, (b) analisar o perfil que o mesmo deve ter e (c) suscitar como o PC se vê no processo de estágio. A pesquisa qualitativa teve como participantes cinco professores-colaboradores e utilizou como técnicas a observação, fonte documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Encontrou-se na legislação uma lacuna sobre a concepção e o papel do PC. O perfil referendado pelos participantes é de alguém que pauta sua supervisão na experiência adquirida no exercício docente. Os dados desta pesquisa se direcionam para uma esfera que podemos chamá-la de sócio afetiva, pois os professores, de maneira geral, são “cúmplices” dos estagiários. O PC se vê como alguém importante no processo de estágio que transmite aos futuros professores elementos da sua experiência, possibilita que os mesmos descubram os macetes da profissão e oferece condições e espaço para os licenciandos colocarem em prática seus conhecimentos didático-pedagógicos. São abertos ao diálogo e vão passando gradualmente a autonomia das aulas para os estagiários. O PC se vê como alguém importante no processo de estágio que transmite aos futuros professores elementos da sua experiência, possibilita que os mesmos descubram os macetes da profissão e oferece condições e espaço para os licenciandos colocarem em prática seus conhecimentos didático-pedagógicos. São abertos ao diálogo e vão passando gradualmente a autonomia das aulas para os estagiários.

The study refers to the Supervised Curricular Trainning and the role of mentors (PC), teacher of primary education system that receives trainees in supervised trainning official status ofsupervised, aiming to (a) present the role of the PC in brazilian law, (b) analyze the profile it should have and (c) evoke as the mentors finds himself in the process stage. Qualitative research as participants had five mentors used techniques such as observation, source documents and semi-structured interview. It was found that a gap in the legislation on the design and the role of the PC. The profile is endorsed by the participants of someone on staff supervision experience in teaching exercise. Data from this study are directed to a sphere that we call it social-emotional, because teachers in general, are "accomplices" of the trainees. The PC sees himself as someone important in the process of training gives future teachers the elements of their experience enables them to discover the tricks of the profession and offers facilities and space for student teachers put into practice their knowledge and pedagogical teaching. They are open to dialogue and will gradually passing the autonomy of classes for the trainees. It was concluded that this teacher has a special place during the time of the stage, but in most cases has the profile of someone who has been trained to teach students and has no features to be a teacher trainer. There is a need to consider the training, practices and knowledge of mentors. Exit the logic of teaching and venture into the logic of form.