Nanomaterials and their application in prosthodontics: A review

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to review the available literature on the novelties and applications of nanomaterials in Prosthodontics. Data and Sources: 125 articles were retrieved which included reviews and studies on various nanomaterials used in Dentistry especially Prosthodontics after Gray literature search, cross references and electronic database search in PubMed, MedLine and Google search using the following key words- Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Prosthodontics, Dentistry, Applications Study selection: 74 articles were selected and reviewed as they met the selection criteria. Conclusion: Within the scope of this review, reported literature showed that the emerging science of nanotechnology in Dentistry especially in the field of Prosthodontics has triggered growing interest in the potential applications and benefits compared to the conventional materials in use. The latest research progress on the applications of nanomaterials used in Prosthodontics was reviewed with detailed description, keeping in mind the limitations like challenges faced and the health implications.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the stress distribution pattern in a mandibular first molar tooth restored with five different restorative materials.

INTRODUCTION: Badly broken or structurally compromised posterior teeth are frequently associated with crown/root fracture. Numerous restorative materials have been used to fabricate indirect full-coverage restorations for such teeth. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of restorative materials on the stress distribution pattern in a mandibular first molar tooth, under varying loading conditions and to compare the stress distribution pattern in five commonly used indirect restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five three-dimensional finite element models representing a mandibular first molar tooth restored with crowns of gold, porcelain fused to metal, composite (Artglass), alumina-based zirconia (In-Ceram Zirconia [ICZ]), and double-layered zirconia-based materials (zirconia core veneered with porcelain, Lava) were constructed, using a Finite Element Analysis Software (ANSYS version 10; ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). Two loading conditions were applied, simulating maximum bite force of 600 N axially and normal masticatory bite force of 225 N axially and nonaxially. RESULTS: Both all-ceramic crowns allowed the least amount of stress distribution to the surrounding tooth structure. In maximum bite force-simulation test, alumina-based all-ceramic crown displayed the highest von Mises stresses (123.745 MPa). In the masticatory bite force-simulation test, both all-ceramic crowns (122.503-133.13 MPa) displayed the highest von Mises stresses. CONCLUSIONS: ICZ crown displayed the highest peak von Mises stress values under maximum and masticatory bite forces. ICZ and Lava crowns also allowed the least amount of stress distribution to the surrounding tooth structure, which is indicative of a favorable response of the underlying tooth structure to the overlying full-coverage indirect restorative material. These results suggest that ICZ and Lava crowns can be recommended for clinical use in cases of badly damaged teeth.

Types of implant surgical guides in dentistry: a review.

Various techniques have been proposed for the fabrication of surgical guide templates in implant dentistry. The objective of this paper is to review the associated literature and recent advancements in this field, based on design concept. An electronic and hand search of the literature revealed 3 categories, namely, nonlimiting, partially limiting, and completely limiting design. Most clinicians still adopt the partially limiting design due to its cost-effectiveness and credibility. Moreover, clinicians use cross-sectional imaging during the preimplant assessment of surgical sites.