Cosmological Constraints from Multiple Probes in the Dark Energy Survey.

The combination of multiple observational probes has long been advocated as a powerful technique to constrain cosmological parameters, in particular dark energy. The Dark Energy Survey has measured 207 spectroscopically confirmed type Ia supernova light curves, the baryon acoustic oscillation feature, weak gravitational lensing, and galaxy clustering. Here we present combined results from these probes, deriving constraints on the equation of state, w, of dark energy and its energy density in the Universe. Independently of other experiments, such as those that measure the cosmic microwave background, the probes from this single photometric survey rule out a Universe with no dark energy, finding w=-0.80_{-0.11}^{+0.09}. The geometry is shown to be consistent with a spatially flat Universe, and we obtain a constraint on the baryon density of Ω_{b}=0.069_{-0.012}^{+0.009} that is independent of early Universe measurements. These results demonstrate the potential power of large multiprobe photometric surveys and pave the way for order of magnitude advances in our constraints on properties of dark energy and cosmology over the next decade.

[Body composition and energy metabolism in women with excess body weight]. / Composición corporal y metabolismo energético en mujeres con exceso de peso corporal.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper is to evaluate body composition and energy expenditure in women with excess body weight. METHODS: There was a non-randomized, cross-sectional study with 40 women, [26 with excess weight (G1) and 14 eutrophic (G2)]. The following evaluations were made: dietetic, anthropometric and body composition (electrical bioimpedance), physical activity (three-dimensional accelerometer) and energy expenditure, basal and resting (indirect calorimetry). RESULTS: The energy intake and physical activity did not differ between groups. The parameters of body composition were higher in G1, except total body water. There was a relationship between energy expenditure and body composition. The lean mass was the biggest determinant of energy expenditure. There was no difference in metabolic parameters between groups, but lower nutrient oxidation and increased metabolic efficiency in G1 was suggested. CONCLUSION: Excess weight was associated with body composition and energy expenditure changes that justify the accumulation of body fat.

[Influence of fat diet in glicidic metabolism in obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in PPARgamma2 gene]. / Influencia de la grasa de la dieta en el metabolismo glucídico de mujeres obesas con el genotipo Pro12Pro en el gen PPARgama2.

INTRODUCTION: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) is an adipogenic transcription factor that influences in insulin resistance (IR) in the presence of agonists such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the influence of dietary fat in glicidic metabolism in morbidly obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the gene PPARgamma2. METHODS: Were selected 25 women with genotype Pro12Pro. The fat intake was estimated by food records, being used for the division of groups, GA (until 30% of the total energy expenditure (TEE)) and GB (greater than 30% of the TEE). Biochemical and anthropometric evaluations were conducted in fasting, following the test meal high in n-6 PUFA and postprandial biochemical evaluations. IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) were assessed by HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) and QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: GA presented normal HOMAIR and QUICKI. GB presented higher body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) intake higher, compared with GA (p < 0.05). In GA, the MUFA intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and insulin, and positively with QUICKI. The fat and SFA intake contributed to the increase in body mass and IR. However, MUFA intake may have reduced the impact of high fat diet in glicidic metabolism. It is suggested that obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the PPARgamma2 gene avoid high fat and SFA diets, prioritizing MUFA for controlling obesity and improving the IS.

Medio de Löwenstein Jensen: Frescura del huevo y viabilidad de BCG / Lowestein Jansen Medium: Freshness of the egg, viability of the BCG

En ensayo de viabilidad de la Vacuna BCG puede estar sometido a variaciones debidas al nivel de frescura de los huevos que se emplean en la preparación del medi Löwenstein Jensen (LJ). Es usual que se confíe en el origen, edad y conservación de los huevos, por lo que se podría pensar en que no es necesario realizar estudios complementarios. Mediante el envejecimiento acelerado de los huevos y su comparación con aquellos que mantienen su frescura se ha podido medir diferencias en la viabilidad de la Vacuna BCG de más del 20 por ciento. Con la medición de la relación altura/diamétro de la yema o la observación de las características snesoriales (especialmente el aspecto y relación de clara y yema) se puede llegar a producir medio Löwenstein jensen de óptima calidad

Liofilizacion de vacuna BCG. / Freeze drying of BCG vaccine

Se detallan las tecnicas seguidas para la elaboracion de varios lotes de vacuna B.C.G. liofilizada, asi como diversos aspectos que tratan de explicar y solucionar inconvenientes que aparecen con no poca frecuencia en los laboratorios de produccion.Se incluye un analisis del funcionamiento del liofilizador y las variaciones de cada ciclo