Treatment Comparison for Medial Femoral Condyle Subchondral Cystic Lesions and Prognosis in Yearling Thoroughbred Racehorse Prospects.

Subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) in the medial femoral condyle are a usual finding in Thoroughbred survey and auction repository radiographs. Several treatments with different outcomes have been studied over the years to improve soundness and racing prognosis. Our objective was to report the racing prognosis in Thoroughbred yearlings intended for racing that were diagnosed with SCL in the medial femoral condyle and were treated using four current and different techniques: intralesional injection of corticosteroids, SCL debridement through the joint with a drill bit, translesional cortical screw placement, and absorbable hydroxyapatite implant placement. Data from 182 Thoroughbred yearlings treated for SCL in the medial femoral condyle were collected from 2014 to 2020. Limb affected, age at surgery, sex, and radiographic measurements of the SCL were recorded. Auction price and racing performance were collected for treated horses and compared to 154 maternal siblings free of medial femoral condyle SCL. Analyses were conducted to assess if racing prognosis was affected by SCL size, to detect differences in auction price and selected flat racing outcome parameters between cases and controls, and to compare racing prognosis between the studied treatments. Mares and lesions located in the right stifle were significantly overrepresented. The auction price of treated horses was significantly lower than that of their siblings. Horses treated for SCL had significantly lower chances to start in a race than controls (59% vs. 74% respectively). Wider SCL negatively affected the chances to start at least in one race, and negatively affected the earnings made in the 2-year-olds' racing year. Horses with SCL treated using a bioabsorbable implant had a significantly higher median in starts as 3-year-olds (seven starts) than horses that had the SCL debrided with a drill bit (three starts). In conclusion, Thoroughbred yearlings treated for a medial femoral condyle SCL had lower auction prices and decreased ability to start a race compared to siblings' wider cysts had worse prognosis to start a race and might affect earnings as 2-year-olds; and horses treated with bioabsorbable composite implant placement had more starts as 3-year-olds than with other techniques.

Coordination of gaze and action during high-speed steering and obstacle avoidance.

When humans navigate through complex environments, they coordinate gaze and steering to sample the visual information needed to guide movement. Gaze and steering behavior have been extensively studied in the context of automobile driving along a winding road, leading to accounts of movement along well-defined paths over flat, obstacle-free surfaces. However, humans are also capable of visually guiding self-motion in environments that are cluttered with obstacles and lack an explicit path. An extreme example of such behavior occurs during first-person view drone racing, in which pilots maneuver at high speeds through a dense forest. In this study, we explored the gaze and steering behavior of skilled drone pilots. Subjects guided a simulated quadcopter along a racecourse embedded within a custom-designed forest-like virtual environment. The environment was viewed through a head-mounted display equipped with an eye tracker to record gaze behavior. In two experiments, subjects performed the task in multiple conditions that varied in terms of the presence of obstacles (trees), waypoints (hoops to fly through), and a path to follow. Subjects often looked in the general direction of things that they wanted to steer toward, but gaze fell on nearby objects and surfaces more often than on the actual path or hoops. Nevertheless, subjects were able to perform the task successfully, steering at high speeds while remaining on the path, passing through hoops, and avoiding collisions. In conditions that contained hoops, subjects adapted how they approached the most immediate hoop in anticipation of the position of the subsequent hoop. Taken together, these findings challenge existing models of steering that assume that steering is tightly coupled to where actors look. We consider the study's broader implications as well as limitations, including the focus on a small sample of highly skilled subjects and inherent noise in measurement of gaze direction.

Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en el Sistema de Salud: evolución, aceptación y reconocimiento / Advanced Practice Nursing in the Health System: evolution, acceptance and recognition

Introducción: se estima escasez de 5.9 millones de profesionistas de la salud a nivel mundial. La Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada (EPA), cuenta con conocimientos, competencias y habilidades clínicas específicas para actuar en situaciones de déficit de personal médico, tratando desde enfermedades agudas hasta crónico degenerativas, preservando tanto la salud mental como física. Objetivo: Determinar el desempeño de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en el Sector Salud. Metodología: revisión sistemática sobre la EPA, que incluyó revisiones y artículos originales del periodo 2013-2022 en español e inglés, acerca de su desempeño: evolución, aceptación y reconocimiento. Para la identificación, cribado e inclusión de los artículos se utilizó el modelo PRISMA 2020. Resultados: de un total de 838 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 20 artículos y 7 de otras fuentes como citas y otros sitios web, obteniendo un total de 27 artículos de revisión, que abordan la evolución, la aceptación y reconocimiento. Se realizó análisis cualitativo. Conclusiones: el desempeño de EPA surge por las demandas poblacionales de atención primaria a la salud, diversos países ya cuentan con EPA, asistiendo a sus habitantes desde sus especialidades. La EPA es diversa y extensa, su profesionalización debe ser continua y permanente. En México falta camino para tomar la EPA como parte del equipo multidisciplinario

Abstract Introduction: About 5.9 millions healthcare professionals lack across the world. The Advanced Practice Nursing (APN), has specific knowledge, competences, and clinical abilities to act in medical absence, taking care from acute illness until chronic diseases, preserving both mental and physical health. Objective: To determine the Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) performance in the Health Sector. Methods: A systematic review about APN, including reviews and original articles from the period 2013-2022 in Spanish and English, about performance: evolution, acceptance and recognition. For the identification, screening, and inclusion of the articles the PRISMA 2020 model was used. Results: Of 838 total identified articles, 20 articles were included from the search and 7 from other sources such as citations and other websites, obtaining 27 total articles to be reviewed, which regard the evolution, acceptance and recognition. A qualitative analysis was performed. Conclusions: The APN performance arose because of demands for primary health care; several countries already have APN, providing care to inhabitants through their different specialties. APN is diverse and extensive, its professionalization must be continuous and permanent. In Mexico there is still some way to go to APN to take part in the multidisciplinary team.

Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style.

BACKGROUND: Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life. OBJECTIVE: The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships- Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18). RESULTS: The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = -0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (ß = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models. CONCLUSION: In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.

Perceptual-Cognitive Integration for Goal-Directed Action in Naturalistic Environments.

Real-world actions require one to simultaneously perceive, think, and act on the surrounding world, requiring the integration of (bottom-up) sensory information and (top-down) cognitive and motor signals. Studying these processes involves the intellectual challenge of cutting across traditional neuroscience silos, and the technical challenge of recording data in uncontrolled natural environments. However, recent advances in techniques, such as neuroimaging, virtual reality, and motion tracking, allow one to address these issues in naturalistic environments for both healthy participants and clinical populations. In this review, we survey six topics in which naturalistic approaches have advanced both our fundamental understanding of brain function and how neurologic deficits influence goal-directed, coordinated action in naturalistic environments. The first part conveys fundamental neuroscience mechanisms related to visuospatial coding for action, adaptive eye-hand coordination, and visuomotor integration for manual interception. The second part discusses applications of such knowledge to neurologic deficits, specifically, steering in the presence of cortical blindness, impact of stroke on visual-proprioceptive integration, and impact of visual search and working memory deficits. This translational approach-extending knowledge from lab to rehab-provides new insights into the complex interplay between perceptual, motor, and cognitive control in naturalistic tasks that are relevant for both basic and clinical research.

Postsurgical Pyoderma Gangrenosum After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Case Report.

CASE: A 61-year-old woman with lower back and radicular leg pain underwent minimally invasive spinal fusion at L5-S1. By postoperative day 6, she exhibited erythema, wound dehiscence, and necrotic changes. Although a necrotizing infection was initially suspected, multiple debridements and antibiotic therapy failed to improve her condition. The patient was eventually diagnosed with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and was managed with immunosuppressants and extended wound care. CONCLUSION: PG is a rare dermatosis that is often misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate treatment, debridements, and additional complications. Prompt identification and multidisciplinary collaboration are key to preventing unnecessary interventions and achieving the best outcomes.

Treatments and Prognosis for Subchondral Cystic Lesions in the Distal Extremities in Thoroughbred Prospect Racehorses.

Subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) in equines and their treatments have been mainly studied in the medial femoral condyle of the femur. SCLs in the distal extremities affecting the fetlock or interphalangeal joints are frequent, but treatment or prognosis studies in horses are currently sparse. Our objective was to compare four treatments for SCLs in the distal extremities (intralesional injection of corticosteroids, transcortical drilling, cortical screw placement, and absorbable hydroxyapatite implant placement) and report the racing prognoses for affected thoroughbred yearlings. Data from 113 thoroughbred yearlings treated for SCLs in the distal extremities were collected from 2014 to 2020. Age at surgery, sex, bone affected, radiographic SCL measurements, SCL shape, and type of treatment were recorded. Sale data and racing performance were collected for the operated horses and for 109 maternal siblings that were free of SCLs. An analysis was conducted to assess if SCL size affected racing prognosis and to detect differences in sale value and selected racing parameters between the cases and controls. The outcomes for the different treatments, the different bones affected, and the SCL shape type were also analyzed. There was no difference in the ability to start in a race between the cases and controls (60.2% vs. 69.7%, respectively). The auction value of the treated horses was significantly lower than that of their siblings. The bone affected did not impact any of the racing variables studied, whereas the height of the SCLs negatively affected the number of wins and placed races. The type of treatment for the horses affected by SCLs did not have an impact on sale prices, ability to start a race, race starts, wins, and places, or age at the time of the first start. In conclusion, yearlings diagnosed with an SCL in the distal extremities had lower auction prices and decreased racing performances, with lower numbers of wins correlated with larger SCL heights compared to the siblings. Similar racing performance was found regardless of the treatment received.

Lactate and pH values in newborns with a history of acute fetal distress.

BACKGROUND: Acute fetal distress (AFD) is a condition that requires timely diagnosis because it generates hypoxia, acidosis, and even intrauterine death. This study aimed to determine lactate and pH values in the umbilical cord in full-term newborns (NBs) with a history of AFD. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in full-term NBs of mothers with at least one perinatal, neonatal, or gasometric AFD antecedent. Neonatal morbidity was considered: if 1-min Apgar ≤ 6, or advanced neonatal maneuvers, or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were necessary. The cutoff points were lactate > 4mmol/L and pH < 7.2. RESULTS: Of 66 NBs, 33.3% of mothers presented at least one antecedent for developing AFD; 22.7% presented hypertensive pregnancy disease, 13.6% oligohydramnios, and 63.6% other factors. Perinatally, 28.7% required advanced neonatal resuscitation maneuvers and 7.5% admission to the NICU. In the gasometry, the lactate and pH values for the neonatal morbidity of the NBs' group were 4.726 ± 1.401 and 7.293 ± 0.056, respectively, versus 2.240 ± 0.318 and 7.359 ± 0.022 (p < 0.05) for the group without associated neonatal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Lactate values in the umbilical cord increased by 25%, and pH decreased by one percent in NBs with a history of AFD and associated morbidity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El sufrimiento fetal agudo (SFA) es una condición que amerita un diagnóstico oportuno debido a que genera hipoxia, acidosis e incluso la muerte intrauterina. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los valores de lactato y pH en cordón umbilical en recién nacidos de término con antecedente SFA. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, en recién nacidos a término, de madres que tuvieron al menos un antecedente para SFA de tipo perinatal, neonatal o gasométrico. Se consideró morbilidad neonatal cuando presentaron Apgar al minuto ≤ 6, o requirieron maniobras avanzadas de reanimación neonatal, o ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). El punto de corte fue > 4 mmol/L para los valores de lactato y pH < 7.2. RESULTADOS: De un total de 66 recién nacidos, el 33.3% de las madres presentaron al menos un antecedente para desarrollar SFA; el 22.7% presentó enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo, el 13.6%, oligohidramnios, y el 63.6%, otros factores. El 28.7% requirieron maniobras avanzadas de la reanimación neonatal y el 7.5%, el ingreso a la UCIN. En la gasometría, el valor de lactato y pH para el grupo de recién nacidos con morbilidad neonatal fue de 4.726 ± 1.401 y 7.293 ± 0.056 respectivamente, versus 2.240 ± 0.318 y 7.359 ± 0.022 (p < 0.05) para el grupo sin morbilidad neonatal asociada. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó un incremento del 25% de los valores de lactato en cordón umbilical y una disminución del 1% del pH en los recién nacidos con antecedente de SFA y morbilidad asociada.

18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography provides pertinent additional information to computed tomography for assessment and management of tarsal pain in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging the tarsus and proximal metatarsus and compare it with CT and lameness evaluation. ANIMALS: 25 horses with lameness localized to the tarsal and proximal metatarsal regions that underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT between 2016 and 2021. METHODS: 18F-NaF PET and CT images were retrospectively independently evaluated by 3 observers. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were used to characterize 18F-NaF uptake. Correlation between PET and CT findings with subjective and objective maximum (Max-D) and minimum pelvic height lameness data was estimated. RESULTS: The inter-observer Kappa-weighted value (κ) was higher for PET (κ = 0.66) than CT (κ = 0.6). CT and PET scores were fairly correlated (R = 0.49; P < 0.05). PET SUVratio (SUV of the main lesion/SUV talus) had the highest correlation with Max-D (R = 0.71; P < .05). PET and CT scores for the plantar region were significantly higher in Quarter Horses (P < .05) and showed consistently higher correlation with objective lameness data (CT plantar grade - Max-D [R = 0.6; P < .05], PET plantar grade - Max-D [R = 0.47; P = .04]) than other regions of the distal tarsal joints. Three Warmbloods presented marked uptake at the medial cochlea of the distal tibia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: PET had a moderate correlation with CT for assessment of tarsal lesions. The degree of PET uptake can help differentiate active versus inactive lesions. Specific location of the uptake is important in determining clinical relevance.

Lactate and pH values in newborns with a history of acute fetal distress / Valores de lactato y pH en recién nacidos con antecedente de sufrimiento fetal agudo

Abstract Background: Acute fetal distress (AFD) is a condition that requires timely diagnosis because it generates hypoxia, acidosis, and even intrauterine death. This study aimed to determine lactate and pH values in the umbilical cord in full-term newborns (NBs) with a history of AFD. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in full-term NBs of mothers with at least one perinatal, neonatal, or gasometric AFD antecedent. Neonatal morbidity was considered: if 1-min Apgar ≤ 6, or advanced neonatal maneuvers, or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were necessary. The cutoff points were lactate > 4mmol/L and pH < 7.2. Results: Of 66 NBs, 33.3% of mothers presented at least one antecedent for developing AFD; 22.7% presented hypertensive pregnancy disease, 13.6% oligohydramnios, and 63.6% other factors. Perinatally, 28.7% required advanced neonatal resuscitation maneuvers and 7.5% admission to the NICU. In the gasometry, the lactate and pH values for the neonatal morbidity of the NBs' group were 4.726 ± 1.401 and 7.293 ± 0.056, respectively, versus 2.240 ± 0.318 and 7.359 ± 0.022 (p < 0.05) for the group without associated neonatal morbidity. Conclusions: Lactate values in the umbilical cord increased by 25%, and pH decreased by one percent in NBs with a history of AFD and associated morbidity.

Resumen Introducción: El sufrimiento fetal agudo (SFA) es una condición que amerita un diagnóstico oportuno debido a que genera hipoxia, acidosis e incluso la muerte intrauterina. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los valores de lactato y pH en cordón umbilical en recién nacidos de término con antecedente SFA. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, en recién nacidos a término, de madres que tuvieron al menos un antecedente para SFA de tipo perinatal, neonatal o gasométrico. Se consideró morbilidad neonatal cuando presentaron Apgar al minuto ≤ 6, o requirieron maniobras avanzadas de reanimación neonatal, o ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). El punto de corte fue > 4 mmol/L para los valores de lactato y pH < 7.2. Resultados: De un total de 66 recién nacidos, el 33.3% de las madres presentaron al menos un antecedente para desarrollar SFA; el 22.7% presentó enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo, el 13.6%, oligohidramnios, y el 63.6%, otros factores. El 28.7% requirieron maniobras avanzadas de la reanimación neonatal y el 7.5%, el ingreso a la UCIN. En la gasometría, el valor de lactato y pH para el grupo de recién nacidos con morbilidad neonatal fue de 4.726 ± 1.401 y 7.293 ± 0.056 respectivamente, versus 2.240 ± 0.318 y 7.359 ± 0.022 (p < 0.05) para el grupo sin morbilidad neonatal asociada. Conclusiones: Se observó un incremento del 25% de los valores de lactato en cordón umbilical y una disminución del 1% del pH en los recién nacidos con antecedente de SFA y morbilidad asociada.

Identifying the core genome of the nucleus-forming bacteriophage family and characterization of Erwinia phage RAY.

We recently discovered that some bacteriophages establish a nucleus-like replication compartment (phage nucleus), but the core genes that define nucleus-based phage replication and their phylogenetic distribution were still to be determined. Here, we show that phages encoding the major phage nucleus protein chimallin share 72 conserved genes encoded within seven gene blocks. Of these, 21 core genes are unique to nucleus-forming phage, and all but one of these genes encode proteins of unknown function. We propose that these phages comprise a novel viral family we term Chimalliviridae. Fluorescence microscopy and cryoelectron tomography studies of Erwinia phage vB_EamM_RAY confirm that many of the key steps of nucleus-based replication are conserved among diverse chimalliviruses and reveal variations on this replication mechanism. This work expands our understanding of phage nucleus and PhuZ spindle diversity and function, providing a roadmap for identifying key mechanisms underlying nucleus-based phage replication.

A neural active inference model of perceptual-motor learning.

The active inference framework (AIF) is a promising new computational framework grounded in contemporary neuroscience that can produce human-like behavior through reward-based learning. In this study, we test the ability for the AIF to capture the role of anticipation in the visual guidance of action in humans through the systematic investigation of a visual-motor task that has been well-explored-that of intercepting a target moving over a ground plane. Previous research demonstrated that humans performing this task resorted to anticipatory changes in speed intended to compensate for semi-predictable changes in target speed later in the approach. To capture this behavior, our proposed "neural" AIF agent uses artificial neural networks to select actions on the basis of a very short term prediction of the information about the task environment that these actions would reveal along with a long-term estimate of the resulting cumulative expected free energy. Systematic variation revealed that anticipatory behavior emerged only when required by limitations on the agent's movement capabilities, and only when the agent was able to estimate accumulated free energy over sufficiently long durations into the future. In addition, we present a novel formulation of the prior mapping function that maps a multi-dimensional world-state to a uni-dimensional distribution of free-energy/reward. Together, these results demonstrate the use of AIF as a plausible model of anticipatory visually guided behavior in humans.

Identifying the core genome of the nucleus-forming bacteriophage family and characterization of Erwinia phage RAY.

We recently discovered that some bacteriophages establish a nucleus-like replication compartment (phage nucleus), but the core genes that define nucleus-based phage replication and their phylogenetic distribution were unknown. By studying phages that encode the major phage nucleus protein chimallin, including previously sequenced yet uncharacterized phages, we discovered that chimallin-encoding phages share a set of 72 highly conserved genes encoded within seven distinct gene blocks. Of these, 21 core genes are unique to this group, and all but one of these unique genes encode proteins of unknown function. We propose that phages with this core genome comprise a novel viral family we term Chimalliviridae. Fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography studies of Erwinia phage vB_EamM_RAY confirm that many of the key steps of nucleus-based replication encoded in the core genome are conserved among diverse chimalliviruses, and reveal that non-core components can confer intriguing variations on this replication mechanism. For instance, unlike previously studied nucleus-forming phages, RAY doesn't degrade the host genome, and its PhuZ homolog appears to form a five-stranded filament with a lumen. This work expands our understanding of phage nucleus and PhuZ spindle diversity and function, providing a roadmap for identifying key mechanisms underlying nucleus-based phage replication.

Computed tomography findings in horses presented with signs of head-shaking.

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal nerve-mediated head-shaking (TNMH) in horses is a diagnosis made by exclusion. Computed tomography (CT) is frequently used to identify any disease process that could cause the clinical signs of head-shaking. Although abnormalities are frequently identified, it is unknown whether treatment of these conditions improves clinical signs. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the clinical significance of CT findings in horses presented with a complaint of head-shaking. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: CT and patient records were reviewed and all abnormal findings and any treatments subsequently carried out was recorded. A questionnaire was sent to referring veterinarians and owners were contacted by telephone to establish whether treatment of the identified condition improved clinical signs. RESULTS: This study included 103 horses presented for head CT with the complaint of head-shaking with follow-up information obtained for 84 horses (81.6%). The diagnosis of TNMH was based on a combination of positive maxillary nerve block and/or response to treatment for TNMH. Although TNMH was the most common diagnosis with 62 horses (60.2%) affected, in 22 horses (21.4%), a primary disease process was identified and treatment of the condition eliminated signs of head-shaking. Clinically relevant primary diseases included dental fracture, primary sinusitis, temporo-mandibular joint arthritis, nuchal bursitis, musculoskeletal pathologies, basisphenoid fracture, otitis externa and a mass affecting the infra-orbital nerve. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Some clinical information was missing and follow-up information was not obtained in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: CT was perceived as a useful diagnostic tool by most veterinarians, ruling out significant abnormalities. In over 20% of the cases, a treatable primary condition was identified leading to complete resolution of clinical signs.

HISTORIAL: Las sacudidas de cabeza mediadas por el nervio Trigémino (TNMH) en caballos es un diagnostico por exclusión. La tomografía computarizada (CT) es frecuentemente utilizada para identificar cualquier proceso patológico que pudiese ser la causa de los síntomas de sacudida de cabeza. Aunque se identifican frecuentemente anomalías, no se sabe si es que el tratamiento de estas condiciones mejora los signos clínicos. OBJETIVOS: Demostrar la significancia clínica de los hallazgos por CT en caballos presentados con queja de sacudida de cabeza. DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Series de casos retrospectivos. MÉTODOS: Los archivos de tomografía computarizada y de pacientes fueron revisados y todos los hallazgos anormales y los tratamientos llevados a cabo subsecuentemente fueron anotados. Un cuestionario fue mandado a los veterinarios que difirieron los casos y los dueños fueron contactados por teléfono para saber si el tratamiento de la condición identificada mejoro los síntomas. RESULTADOS: Este estudio incluyo a 103 caballos presentados para CT de cabeza con queja de sacudida de cabeza con información subsecuente obtenida en 84 caballos (81.6%). TNMH fue el diagnostico basados en un combinación de bloque positivo del nervio maxilar y/o respuesta positiva a tratamiento de TNMH. Aunque TNMH fue el diagnostico mas común con 62 caballos (60.2%) afectados, en 22 caballos (21.4%), un proceso patológico primario fue identificado y el tratamiento de la condición elimino los síntomas de sacudida de cabeza. Las enfermedades clínicas primarias relevantes incluyeron fracturas dentales, sinusitis primaria, artritis de la articulación temporo-mandibular, bursitis nucal, patologías musculo esqueléticas, fracturas basifenoideas, otitis externa y masas tumorales afectando al nervio infra-orbital. LIMITACIONES PRINCIPALES: No se pudo obtener toda la información clínica e no se obtuvo información de seguimiento en todos los casos. CONCLUSIONES: La tomografía computarizada era considerada como un herramienta diagnostica por la mayoría de los veterinarios, descartando anomalías significativas. En mas de un 20% de los casos, una condición primaria con tratamiento fue identificada y esta llevo a la resolución de los síntomas clínicos.

Effectiveness of Self-Affirmation Interventions in Educational Settings: A Meta-Analysis.

School and university can be stressful contexts that can become an important source of identity threats when social prejudices or stereotypes come into play. Self-affirmation interventions are key strategies for mitigating the negative consequences of identity threat. This meta-analysis aims to provide an overview of the effectiveness of self-affirmation interventions in educational settings. A peer-reviewed article search was conducted in January 2023. A total of 144 experimental studies that tested the effect of self-affirmation interventions in educational contexts among high school and university students from different social and cultural backgrounds were considered. The average effect of self-affirmation interventions was of low magnitude (dIG+ = 0.41, z = 16.01, p < 0.00), with a 95% confidence interval whose values tended to lie between 0.36 and 0.45 (SE = 0.0253). In addition, moderators such as identity threat, participants' age, and intervention procedure were found. Through a meta-analysis of the impact of self-affirmation interventions in educational contexts, this study suggests that interventions are effective, resulting in a small mean effect size. Thus, self-affirmation interventions can be considered useful, brief, and inexpensive strategies to improve general well-being and performance in educational settings.

Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style

Abstract Background Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life. Objective The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18). Results The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = −0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (β = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models. Conclusion In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.

Epigenetic mechanisms of particulate matter exposure: air pollution and hazards on human health.

Environmental pollution nowadays has not only a direct correlation with human health changes but a direct social impact. Epidemiological studies have evidenced the increased damage to human health on a daily basis because of damage to the ecological niche. Rapid urban growth and industrialized societies importantly compromise air quality, which can be assessed by a notable accumulation of air pollutants in both the gas and the particle phases. Of them, particulate matter (PM) represents a highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds of the most variable size, composition, and origin. PM being one of the most complex environmental pollutants, its accumulation also varies in a temporal and spatial manner, which challenges current analytical techniques used to investigate PM interactions. Nevertheless, the characterization of the chemical composition of PM is a reliable indicator of the composition of the atmosphere, the quality of breathed air in urbanized societies, industrial zones and consequently gives support for pertinent measures to avoid serious health damage. Epigenomic damage is one of the most promising biological mechanisms of air pollution-derived carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the implication of PM exposure in diverse molecular mechanisms driving human diseases by altered epigenetic regulation. The presented findings in the context of pan-organic cancer, fibrosis, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases may provide valuable insights into the toxicity effects of PM components at the epigenomic level and may serve as biomarkers of early detection for novel targeted therapies.

Visualization of anatomical structures in the fetlock region of the horse using cone beam computed tomography in comparison with conventional multidetector computed tomography.

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is regarded as a convenient and suitable alternative to conventional computed tomography. However, in the horse, the quality of obtained data sets needs to be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the visibility and accessibility of clinically relevant anatomical structures displayed in CBCT and conventional multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Materials and methods: Twenty-nine limbs from horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were used. Native and intraarticular contrast scans of the fetlock (CBCT vs. MDCT) were performed. The visibility and accessibility of selected anatomical structures were blindly scored by three independent experienced observers using a scoring system previously reported and adapted to the fetlock joint. Results: Only minor differences between CBCT and MDCT were identified concerning the diagnostic quality of images for osseous structures. Soft tissue structures were better evaluated on MDCT images. In CBCT as well as in MDCT articular cartilage could only be visualized after intraarticular injection of contrast medium. Discussion/conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography of the fetlock is a useful and reliable diagnostic tool when evaluating osseous structures and delineating articular cartilage with contrast medium. However, this modality is limited for assessing soft tissues structures.

Panel de expertos para la elaboración de un modelo de consentimiento informado de obtención y uso de material audiovisual clínico / Proposal of an informed consent form to obtain audiovisual material from patients

BACKGROUND: An informed consent is mandatory to obtain any clinical audiovisual material from patients. Although there are some documents created for this purpose, there are some barriers for their application, such as the context in which they were created, the language and download availability. AIM: To create a proposal for an informed consent form (ICF) for the capture and different uses for audiovisual material from patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out to obtain different ICFs in Spanish and English, which were subjected to a process of translation, counter-translation and fragmentation. Subsequently, a panel of experts was formed by members of the Chilean Society of Plastic Surgery with extensive experience in social networks. Delphi methodology was applied to reach a consensus about the definitive content of the ICF based on the previously selected fragments. RESULTS: ICFs available for download were identified. The panel was made up of seven Plastic Surgeons and two Delphi rounds were carried out through electronic surveys. At the end of the process, an ICF proposal was obtained for therapeutic, academic or scientific purposes and another for dissemination or education in the mass media. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed ICFs were liberated for their use among health care professionals in Chile, who could use them, provided that they are approved by the local healthcare ethics committees.