Impact on the first year of life of newborns with gestational infection by SARS-COV-2. Analysis of auditory effects.

Introduction: One of the causes of congenital hearing loss are infections suffered by the mother during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects on hearing in newborns to SARS-CoV-2 seropositive mothers during pregnancy. We also studied the hearing impact in the first year of life of the newborns to investigate whether neonatal infection produced a risk of infantile sensorineural hearing loss. Material and methods: All children born in our center whose mother had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 positive COVID were included and were audiologically studied at two and a half months and at one year of life. All infants were evaluated by brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) and auditory steady-state responses (ASSR). Results: The range of the latencies for BERA founded were inside the desired ranges of normality both at two and a half months and at one year of life No significant differences by sex and ears were found in the BERA performed (p > 0,05). The mean ASSR values were found to be significantly below 30 dB in all frequencies studied both at two and a half months, and at one year of life (p < 0,05). Conclusion: There is no association between COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and neonatal hearing loss. Further studies are needed to clarify this field since it is still unclear whether pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 can produce hearing alterations in their newborns according to the current evidence in the literature.

Cocoa Polyphenols Prevent Age-Related Hearing Loss and Frailty in an In Vivo Model.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) impairs the quality of life in elderly persons. ARHL is associated with comorbidities, such as depression, falls, or frailty. Frailty syndrome is related to poor health outcomes in old age. ARHL is a potentially modifiable risk factor for frailty. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key factor underlying the onset and/or development of ARHL and frailty. Cocoa has high levels of polyphenols and provides many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to two study groups: animals receiving a cocoa-supplemented diet and the other receiving a standard diet. Then, at the ages of 6, 14, and 22 months, hearing and frailty were measured in all mice. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) threshold shifts were measured to different frequencies. The frailty score was based on the "Valencia Score" adapted to the experimental animals. The total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols in urine samples were also measured. Significant improvements in hearing ability are observed in the cocoa groups at 6, 14, and 22 months compared to the no cocoa group. The cocoa diet significantly retards the development of frailty in mice. Cocoa increases the concentration of polyphenols excreted in the urine, which increases the total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, cocoa, due to its antioxidant properties, leads to significant protection against ARHL and frailty.

Cocoa Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Cellular Senescence via Modulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in Auditory Cells.

Cocoa, rich in polyphenols, has been reported to provide many health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cocoa polyphenols extract (CPE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular senescence model in three auditory cells lines derived from the auditory organ of a transgenic mouse: House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), Organ of Corti-3 (OC-k3), and Stria Vascularis (SV-k1) cells. Our results showed that CPE attenuated senescent phenotypes, including senescence-associated ß-galactosidase expression, cell proliferation, alterations of morphology, oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation, and related molecules expressions such as forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and p53. In addition, we determined that CPE induces expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and it has a protective role against cellular senescence by upregulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3. These data indicate that CPE protects against senescence through SIRT1, SIRT3, FOXO3, and p53 in auditory cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that Cocoa has therapeutic potential against age-related hearing loss (ARHL).

Is Immobile vocal fold Related to the Spinal Accessory Nerve Agenesis?: A Case Report.

The spinal accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, but the internal branch from the spinal accessory nerve is also contributing to the motor innervation of the larynx. For the first time, we report a case of an impairment of sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and thyroarytenoid muscles from the same side. In our case, the anatomical variant that can explain this situation implies the cranial roots and some fibers from the spinal roots of the spinal accessory nerve to form the internal branch. In the case of agenesis of these spinal roots, the muscles reliant on it would be missing. For this reason, it is advisable to rule out laryngeal problems in patients with sternocleidomastoid and/or trapezius muscles impairment.

Preventive Effect of Cocoa Flavonoids via Suppression of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Auditory Senescent Cells.

Presbycusis or Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a sensorineural hearing loss that affects communication, leading to depression and social isolation. Currently, there are no effective treatments against ARHL. It is known that cocoa products have high levels of polyphenol content (mainly flavonoids), that are potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with proven benefits for health. The objective is to determine the protective effect of cocoa at the cellular and molecular levels in Presbycusis. For in vitro study, we used House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), stria vascularis (SV-k1), and organ of Corti (OC-k3) cells (derived from the auditory organ of a transgenic mouse). Each cell line was divided into a control group (CTR) and an H2O2 group (induction of senescence by an oxygen radical). Additionally, every group of every cell line was treated with the cocoa polyphenolic extract (CPE), measuring different markers of apoptosis, viability, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The data show an increase of reactive oxidative and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) in senescent cells compared to control ones. CPE treatment effectively reduced these high levels and correlated with a significant reduction in apoptosis cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, in senescence cells, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; and Glutathione peroxidase, GPx) was recovered after CPE treatment. Administration of CPE also decreased oxidative DNA damage in the auditory senescent cells. In conclusion, CPE inhibits the activation of senescence-related apoptotic signaling by decreasing oxidative stress in auditory senescent cells.

Role of Oxidative Stress in the Senescence Pattern of Auditory Cells in Age-Related Hearing Loss.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is an increasing and gradual sensorineural hearing dysfunction. Oxidative stress is an essential factor in developing ARHL; additionally, premature senescence of auditory cells induced by oxidative stress can produce hearing loss. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents a method commonly used to generate cellular senescence in vitro. The objective of the present paper is to study H2O2-induced senescence patterns in three auditory cell lines (House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1, HEI-OC1; organ of Corti, OC-k3, and stria vascularis, SV-k1 cells) to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms responsible for ARHL. The auditory cells were exposed to H2O2 at different concentrations and times. The results obtained show different responses of the hearing cells concerning cell growth, ß-galactosidase activity, morphological changes, mitochondrial activation, levels of oxidative stress, and other markers of cell damage (Forkhead box O3a, FoxO3a, and 8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoG). Comparison between the responses of these auditory cells to H2O2 is a helpful method to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these auditory cells' senescence. Furthermore, this in vitro model could help develop anti-senescent therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AHRL.

Antitumor Activity of Nanoparticles Loaded with PHT-427, a Novel AKT/PDK1 Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Currently, new treatments are required to supplement the current standard of care for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is commonly altered and activated in HNSCC. PHT-427 is a dual PI3K-mammalian target of the AKT/PDK1 inhibitor; however, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of the PHT-427 inhibitor on HNSCC has not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the antitumoral effect of PHT-427-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS). The in vitro activity of PHT-427 was tested in hypopharynx carcinoma squamous cells (FaDu) to measure the cell viability, PI3KCA/AKT/PDK1 gene expression, and PI3KCA/AKT/PDK1 levels. Apoptosis, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured. The presence of PHT-427 significantly enhances its antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/PDK1 pathway. Nanoparticles (NPs) effectively suppress AKT/PDK1 expression. Additionally, NPs loaded with PHT-427 produce high oxidative stress levels that induce apoptosis. In conclusion, these results are promising in the use of this nanoformulation as a PHT-427 delivery system for effective HNSCC treatment.

Paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-tocopheryl succinate for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: in vivo murine model.

The prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is generally poor. New treatments are required to supplement the current standard of care. Paclitaxel (PTX), an effective chemotherapeutic for HNSCC, has serious side effects. A polymeric nanocarrier system was developed for the delivery of PTX to improve HNSCC treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of PTX-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-TOS (PTX-NPs) administered by direct intratumoral injection into a Hypopharynx carcinoma squamous cells (FaDu) tumor xenograft mouse model. The nanocarrier system based on block copolymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a methacrylic derivative of α-TOS was synthesized and PTX was loaded into the delivery system. Tumor volume was measured to evaluate the antitumor effect of the PTX-NPs. The relative mechanisms of apoptosis, cell proliferation, growth, angiogenesis, and oxidative and nitrosative stress were detected by Western blotting, fluorescent probes, and immunohistochemical analysis. The antitumor activity results showed that compared to free PTX, PTX-NPs exhibited much higher antitumor efficacy and apoptosis-inducing in a FaDu mouse xenograft model and demonstrated an improved safety profile. Ki-67, EGFR, and angiogenesis markers (Factor VIII, CD31, and CD34) expression were significantly lower in the PTX-NPs group compared with other groups (p < .05). Also, PTX-NPs induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in tumor tissue. Direct administration of PTX-loaded polymeric nanoparticles based on α-Tocopheryl Succinate at the tumor sites, proved to be promising for HNSCC therapy.

Valuation of a Company Producing and Trading Seaweed for Human Consumption: Classical Methods vs. Real Options.

Aquaculture is an increasingly relevant sector in the exploitation of natural resources; therefore, it is appropriate to propose various models that include the fundamental variables for its economic-financial valuation from a business point of view. The objective of this paper is to analyze different models for the valuation of investment projects in a company in the aquaculture sector in order to conclude whether there is a model that represents a better valuation. Therefore, in this study, four valuation models have been applied, three classical models (net present value, internal rate of return, and payback) and a more recent model, real options (RO) for a company producing and marketing seaweed in Galicia (region located in the northwest of Spain). The results obtained, RO (€5,527,144.04) and net present value (€5,479,659.19), conclude that the RO model estimates a higher added value by taking into account in its calculations the flexibility given by the expansion option. Future lines of research include the application of valuation models that have been applied to companies belonging to the same sector in order to compare whether the results found are similar.

Long-term follow-up of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19: 6 months case-control study of health workers.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the incidence and long-term evolution of COVID-related olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction, the recovery timeline, and the association with other symptoms. The secondary objective was to identify the predictive clinical factors for the evolution of these symptoms. METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted from March 15 to October 15, 2020, in health workers with COVID-19 related symptoms in a tertiary care hospital. 320 patients were included after 6 months of follow-up: 195 in the case group and 125 in the control group. Olfactory dysfunction (OD), dysosmia, and gustatory dysfunction (GD) onset and recovery rate after 6 months follow-up are analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: There were 125 (64.1%) in case group patients with OD and 118 (60.5%) with GD. Total or partial recovery OD and GD was found in 89%, mainly in the first 2 months. In the control group, there were 14 (11.2%) patients with OD and 33 (26.4%) patients with GD, with 100% of total/partial recovery. CONCLUSION: In both groups, OD and GD showed high-resolution rates during the first two months after the onset of symptoms. Nevertheless, 11% of the case group patients did not show any recovery, and the partial resolution was present in 30% of our patients, at the 6 months follow-up. We found a high correlation between OD and GD, both in the appearance of symptoms and in their recovery. Nasal obstruction and dyspnea have been identified as risk factors for the persistence of symptoms.

Prospective Study in 355 Patients With Suspected COVID-19 Infection: Value of Cough, Subjective Hyposmia, and Hypogeusia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of certain symptoms in a population of health workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 patients. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from March 1 to April 7, 2020. Health workers with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection were included. The presence of COVID-19 was detected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. Positive and negative RT-PCR patients were used as case and control groups, respectively. This study analyzed the incidence of COVID-19 symptoms in both patient groups. Visual analog scales were used for self-assessment of smell and taste disorders, ranging from 0 (no perception) to 10 (excellent perception). RESULTS: There were 215 (60.6%) patients with positive RT-PCR and 140 (39.4%) patients with negative RT-PCR. The presence of symptoms such as hyposmia hypogeusia, dysthermia, and cough were strongly associated with a positive RT-PCR. The association of cough and subjective hyposmia had 5.46 times higher odds of having a positive test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a fever higher than 37.45°C resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 0.65 and 0.61, respectively. A total of 138 cases (64.1%) and 114 cases (53%) had subjective hyposmia and hypogeusia, respectively. The 85.4% of these patients recovered olfactory function within the first 14 days of the onset of the symptoms. CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between positive RT-PCR and subjective hyposmia. The association of subjective hyposmia and cough increase significantly the odds of having a positive RT-PCR. The measurement of fever as the only method for screening of COVID-19 infection resulted in a poor association. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 130:2674-2679, 2020.

Safety and Prognosis in Percutaneous vs Surgical Tracheostomy in 27 Patients With COVID-19.

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, patients in intensive care units who are undergoing long-term intubation may require tracheostomy. There is controversy about indication and health care professionals' safety regarding the conventional or percutaneous technique. We performed a prospective analysis of a series of 27 consecutive patients with COVID-19 comparing both tracheostomy techniques, safety, and prognosis clinical markers. The results show that the techniques are equally safe, without cases of infection in surgeons. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score before surgery and the progression in ventilation support during the first 72 hours after tracheostomy are optimal prognostic markers for these patients.

Actualización en enfermedad de kawasaki: diagnóstico, estudio y tratamiento / Kawasaki disease update: diagnosis, study and treatment

La enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) es una vasculitis aguda de vaso mediano que afecta principalmente a niños menores de 5 años, que de no ser tratada, se asocia al desarrollo de aneurismas de las arterias coronarias en aproximadamente el 25% de los casos. Típicamente la EK se presenta con fiebre, cambios mucocutáneos y linfadenopatía. Sin embargo, EK es una enfermedad excepcional en la que las formas incompletas de la enfermedad son muy comunes y a menudo asociación sintomatologías atípicas. Éstas pueden crear un desafío diagnóstico para los tratantes y retrasar el inicio de la terapia. No existe un gold standard para el diagnóstico de EK pero hay estudios de laboratorio y hallazgos ecocardiográficos que permiten apoyar el diagnóstico en casos incompletos. El estudio con ecocardiograma debe realizarse lo más pronto posible cuando se sospecha el diagnóstico, pero no debe retrasar el inicio de tratamiento. El objetivo de la terapia en EK es disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar aneurismas de las arterias coronarias y de esta forma, la morbimortalidad asociada a dicha condición. El propósito de esta revisión es conocer las características clínicas y las posibles formas de presentación de esta patología, además del tratamiento actual.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of the medium vessel that mainly affects children under 5 years old, which if it's not treated, is associated with the development of coronary artery aneurysms in approximately 25% of all cases. Typically, KD presents with fever, mucocutaneous changes and lymphadenopathy. However, EK is an exceptional disease in which incomplete forms of the disease are very common and atypical presentations often occur. These presentations may create a diagnostic puzzle for pediatricians and may delay the start of therapy. There is no specific study for the diagnosis of KD but there are laboratory studies and findings in ECG that support the diagnosis in atypical cases. The echocardiogram study should be performed as soon as possible when the diagnosis is suspected, but should not delay the treatment. The goal of treatment in KD is to reduce the risk of developing aneurysms of the coronary arteries and thereby decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

Brotes epidémicos de parotiditis, revisión de la literatura / Mumps outbreaks, literature review

La parotiditis es un infección viral producida por el virus parotídeo. Clínicamente se caracteriza por aumento de volumen de la glándula parótida generalmente bilateral. La estrategia que ha mostrado ser más eficaz para la prevención de esta infección ha sido la implementación de la vacuna tres vírica en los programas de inmunización. En países con población altamente inmunizada como Chile, se logró una importante disminución de la incidencia de esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, a pesar de la efectividad de la vacuna se siguen reportando brotes en todo el mundo, evidenciándose un cambio epidemiológico, trasladándose la edad de presentación clínica desde la niñez y adolescencia hacia los adultos jóvenes. Este aumento en el número de casos ha sido estudiado, determinando que el efecto protector inmunitario de la vacuna decaería con el transcurso del tiempo, contribuyendo a la propagación de los brotes. Con respecto a posibles estrategias para el manejo de los brotes la aplicación de una dosis adicional de la vacunas tres vírica en población expuesta sería una medida que mejoraría el control de los brotes.

Mumps is a viral infection caused by mumps virus. Clinically, it is characterized by increased parotid volume. The most effective strategy for preventing this infection, has been the implementation of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in the national immunization program. Among countries with a highly immunized population, like Chile, there has been an important reduction in the incidence of this disease. Nevertheless, despite the effectivity of the MMR, there are reports of outbreaks worldwide, with an epidemiological change, from clinical presentation in childhood, to adolescents and adults. This outbreaks have been studied, and it has been determined that they are due to the waning of vaccine-derived immunity. Regarding strategies for the management of new outbreaks, the administration of an additional dose of MMR, would be an alternative.

Screening and Immobilization of Interfacial Esterases from Marine Invertebrates as Promising Biocatalyst Derivatives.

Interfacial esterases are useful enzymes in bioconversion and racemic mixture resolution processes. Marine invertebrates are few explored potential sources of these proteins. In this work, aqueous extracts of 41 species of marine invertebrates were screened for esterase, lipase, and phospholipase A activities, being all positive. Five extracts (Stichodactyla helianthus, Condylactis gigantea, Stylocheilus longicauda, Zoanthus pulchellus, and Plexaura homomalla) were selected for their activity values and immobilized on Octyl-Sepharose CL 4B support by interfacial adsorption. The selectivity of this immobilization method for interfacial esterases was evidenced by immobilization percentages ≥ 94% in almost all cases for lipase and phospholipase A activities. Six pharmaceutical-relevant esters (phenylethyl butyrate, ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butanoate, 2-oxyranylmethyl acetate (glycidol acetate), 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, methyl-prostaglandin F2α, and methyl-6-metoxy-α-methyl-2-naphtalen-acetate -naproxen methyl ester-) were bioconverted by at least three of these biocatalysts, with the lowest conversion percentage of 24%. In addition, three biocatalysts were used in the racemic mixture resolution of three previous compounds. The S. helianthus-derived biocatalyst showed the highest enantiomeric ratios for glycidol acetate (2.67, (S)-selective) and naproxen methyl ester (8.32, (R)-selective), and the immobilized extract of S. longicauda was the most resolutive toward the ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butanoate (8.13, (S)-selective). These results indicate the relevance of such marine interfacial esterases as immobilized biocatalysts for the pharmaceutical industry.

Validación de un cuestionario para medir las necesidades psicológicas de los deportistas (CNPD 15) / Validation of a test to evaluate the psychological needs of sportmen and women (PNST 15) / Validação de um questionário para medir as necessidades psicológicas dos esportistas (QNPE 15)

El estudio de las variables psicológicas en el deporte es un punto clave para entender los diferentes comportamientos y resultados en el mundo del deporte, así como para desarrollar diferentes estrategias de intervención psicológica para mejorar el rendimiento. Recoger información de variables psicológicas de una forma sencilla y práctica nos permitirá conocer, en mayor profundidad, el campo de la psicología deportiva. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio fue reducir y validar el Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista (CNPD) de Dosil (2005) de 30 ítems que se dividen en 4 factores: Concentración, Activación, Confianza y Motivación. Se recogió una muestra de 327 deportistas de 18 deportes diferentes y con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 54 años (M = 18.47 ; DT = 7.1). Los resultados de los análisis psicométricos mostraron una buena validez y una alta fiabilidad, obteniendo un instrumento reducido a 15 ítems y 4 factores, adecuado para su aplicación en el ámbito del deporte

The studying of psychological factors is a key element for understanding different behaviours and results in the Sports world, and also for developing different strategies of psychological intervention in order to improve the performance. Collecting data of psychological factors in a simple and practical way will allow us to have a deeper understanding of the Sports Psychology field. Therefore, the goal of this study was to simplify and validate a Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportistas (CNPD) by Dosil (20015), composed of 30 items, and divided in 4 factors: focus, activation, confidence and motivation. In order to do that, we collected a sample of 327 sportsmen and women of 18 different sports, with ages ranging between 11 and 54 (M = 18.47 ; DT = 7.1). The results of the psychometric analysis showed a good validity and a high reliability, yielding an instrument reduced just to 15 items and 4 factors, which is suitable for the Sports scope

O estudo das variáveis psicológicas no esporte é um ponto chave para perceber os diferentes comportamentos e resultados do mundo do esporte assim como para desenvolver diferentes estratégias de intervenção psicológica e para melhorar o rendimento. Recolher informação de variáveis psicólogas de um jeito simples e prático permitirá conhecer com maior profundidade o ramo da psicologia esportiva. Por isto, o objetivo deste estudo foi reduzir e validar el Cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas del Deportista(CNPD) de 30 itens que são divididos em 4 fatores: Foco, ativação, confiança e motivação. Para isso foi realizada uma amostra de 327 esportistas de 18 esportes diferentes e com idades entre 11 e 54 anos(M= 18.47 ; DP= 7.1). Os resultados das análises psicométricas mostraram validez e alta fiabilidades obtendo assim um instrumento reduzido a 15 itens e 4 fatores, adequado ao ramo da Psicologia Esportiva

Delayed Effect and Gain Restoration After Intratympanic Gentamicin for Menière's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the VOR gain after intratympanic gentamicin therapy and to correlate them with the mid-term effects on the control of vertigo, in a population of Menière's disease patients. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a prospective "Outcomes research." SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: This study included 20 patients with unilateral Menière's disease refractory to medical therapy for at least 1 year, and treated with an on demand intratympanic gentamicin protocol. INTERVENTION: Therapeutic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Audiometry, caloric testing, and a vHIT before beginning the protocol were performed. Patients underwent weekly vHIT assessments until a significant gain reduction was observed. Subsequently we performed vHIT tests 1 month after the therapy completion, and then every 3 months for at least 1 year. RESULTS: Complete vertigo control (class A) was achieved in 14 patients at the 12-month follow-up assessment. We observed a significant reduction in VOR gain values at the 3-week follow-up assessment. We found a significant correlation between the 1-month posttreatment ipsilateral hVOR gain and the rate of vertigo recurrence after the first IT gentamicin treatment (p = 0.012; r = 0.400). At the mid-term assessment, 10 patients exhibited a significant partial recovery of the hVOR gain. CONCLUSIONS: The delayed effect of intratympanic gentamicin and the subsequent gain restoration are factors that may influence the patients' outcome. The feasibility of the vHIT system makes it a useful tool to monitorize the VOR changes.

Risk for eating disorders in "high"- and "low"-risk sports and football (soccer): A profile analysis with clustering techniques / Riesgo de trastornos de la alimentación en deportes de "alto" y "bajo" riesgo y fútbol: Un análisis de perfiles con técnicas de clusterización / Risco de transtornos alimentares em esportes de "alto" e "baixo" risco e futebol: uma análise de per"l com técnicas de clusterização

Eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent in sports. Although a distinction has been made to date between high- and low-risk sports for EDs, recent studies have indicated that footballers and other athletes in low-risk sports are as vulnerable for Eds as athletes from sports that emphasize weight and body appearance. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are particular configurations of psychosocial risk factors for EDs among athletes from different sports (N = 357), with a special focus on football players. The Athlete’s Eating Habits Questionnaire (CHAD) was used to establish intra-individual configurations through a multivariate k-means cluster analysis. We found that 10.9% of athletes and 11.4% of the footballers had scores on the CHAD ≥ 100 points, which indicates that a large number of athletes are at risk for developing or may already be suffering from an ED. Three configurations or risk profiles emerged based on the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that reflect differential schemata for each cluster: high (8.7%), moderate (45.1%) and low (46.2%) risk. Football players had a profile that was similar to the moderate, though existent, risk cluster. Our findings also question the traditional classification of sports as high- vs. low-risk. Athletes, including footballers, may have a heightened risk for EDs when they have certain combinations of dysfunctional beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. Our findings indicate that it is important to consider relevant predisposing factors with the aims of risk detection and EDs prevention among athletes. The type of sport does not appear to be the most important risk factor

Los trastornos de la alimentación (TAs) son prevalentes en el ámbito deportivo. Aunque tradicionalmente se ha distinguido entre deportes de alto y bajo riesgo de TAs, trabajos recientes indican que los futbolistas y otros deportistas de "bajo" riesgo son tan vulnerables como otros atletas en cuya práctica deportiva se enfatiza el peso y la apariencia corporal. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si existen configuraciones particulares de características psicosociales de riesgo de TAs entre deportistas de diferentes modalidades deportivas (N = 357), con un interés especial en futbolistas. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios del Deportista (CHAD) para establecer dichas configuraciones intraindividuales a través de un análisis multivariado de cluster de k-medias. Un 10.9% de los deportistas y un 11.4% de los futbolistas obtuvieron puntuaciones en el CHAD ≥ 100 puntos, lo que señala que un elevado número de deportistas puede desarrollar un TA a lo largo de su carrera deportiva, o lo puede estar padeciendo ya. Aparecieron tres configuraciones o perfiles de riesgo de TAs en virtud de las creencias, actitudes y comportamientos particulares que conforman un esquema diferencial en cada clúster: Alto (8.7%), moderado (45.1%) y bajo riesgo (46.2%). Los futbolistas muestran un perfil muy parecido al del clúster de riesgo moderado, aunque existente. Los hallazgos obtenidos también cuestionan las clasificaciones tradicionales de los deportes como de alto y bajo riesgo. Los deportistas, incluyendo los futbolistas, pueden tener un riesgo acentuado de padecer TAs si se dan ciertas combinaciones de creencias, actitudes y conductas disfuncionales. Nuestros resultados señalan la importancia, de cara al establecimiento del riesgo y la prevención de TAs en deportistas, de considerar factores predisponentes relevantes, entre los que el tipo de deporte parece no ser el más importante

Os transtornos alimentares (TAs) sao prevalentes em esporte. Embora tradicionalmente uma distincao tem-se realizado entre esportes de alto e baixo risco de TAs, estudos recentes indicam que os futebolistas e outros atletas de risco "baixo" sao tao vulneraveis como outros atletas em esportes onde o peso e aparencia fisica sao enfatizados. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se existem configuracoes particulares de fatores psicossociais de risco de TA em atletas de esportes diferentes (N = 357), com um interesse especial em jogadores de futebol. O Questionario de Habitos Alimentares do Atleta (CHAD) foi utilizado para estabelecer configuracoes intra-individuais do risco atraves de uma analise multivariada de clusterizacao de K-medias. Encontramos que o 10.9% dos atletas e 11.4% dos jogadores de futebol tiveram pontuacoes no CHAD ≥ 100 pontos, o que indica que um grande numero de atletas pode desenvolver um TA ao longo de sua carreira, ou ele ja pode estar sofrendo un TA. Tres conguraçoes ou pers de risco de TAs emergiram com base nas crencas, atitudes e comportamentos que recectem um esquema diferencial determinado em cada grupo: alto (8.7%), moderado (45.1%) e baixo risco (46.2%). Os futebolitas mostraram um perfil semelhante ao cluster de risco moderado, embora existente. Nossos resultados questionam as classifficacoes tradicionais de esportes como alto e baixo risco. Os atletas, incluindo os jogadores de futebol, podem ter um risco elevado de TAs se ocorrem determinadas combinacoes de crencas, atitudes e comportamentos disfuncionais. Nossos resultados indicam a importancia para o estabelecimento do risco e prevencao de TAs em atletas do considerar fatores predisponentes relevantes. O tipo de esporte nao parece ser o fator de risco mais importante

Colesteatoma congénito gigante en paciente octogenario / Giant congenital cholesteatoma in an octogenarian patient

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