Trasplante hepático pediátrico: indicaciones, técnicas quirúrgicas, complicaciones y tratamiento / Pediatric liver transplantation. Indications, surgical techniques, complications and treatment

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[Nasal endoscopic surgery in complicated ethmoiditis]. / Cirugía endoscópica nasal en etmoiditis complicadas.

Spread of infection from paranasal sinuses is uncommon but, when it occurs may lead to serious ocular or intracranial complications. In this article we present four patients, three of them with orbital complications and one with an intracranial abscess, who were successfully treated with endoscopic surgery of the sinuses and antibiotic therapy. We describe some potential advantages of this approach.

[Clinicopathologic prognostic factors of laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors. III: Supraglottic carcinoma]. / Factores pronósticos clinicopatológicos en los tumores laríngeos y faringolaríngeos. III: Carcinomas supraglóticos.

The factors which influenced the prognosis of 306 supraglotic carcinomas were studied. The determinate survival at 3 and 5 years was 7.8% and 57.5% respectively. The lymph node metastases and the presence of recurrence affected significantly the survival. Also showed a worse prognosis those with an advanced local stage, and the patients with excessive alcoholic consumption. Without significative prognostic influence were the grade of tumor differentiation, involvement of surgical margins, previous tracheostomy, and the existence of a second primary tumour.

[Clinicopathologic prognostic factors in laryngeal pharyngolaryngeal tumors. II. Glottic carcinomas]. / Factores pronósticos clinicopatológicos en los tumores laríngeos y faringolaríngeos. II. Carcinomas glóticos.

Prognostic factors of glottic carcinomas were studied in 211 patients. The 5-year determinate survival was 85.3%. Factors that implied a bad prognosis were an advanced local stage, previous tracheostomy and advanced age. On the other side, alcohol and tobacco abuse, second primary tumors, degree of differentiation, involvement of surgical margins, and postoperatory complications had not any prognostic relevance. There were no differences in T1 and T2 survival either with surgery or radiotherapy, but the last had a greater recurrence rate.

[Clinicopathologic prognostic factors in laryngeal and pharyngolaryngeal tumors. I. Carcinoma of the pyriform sinus]. / Factores pronósticos clinicopatológicos en los tumores laríngeos y faringolaríngeos. I. Carcinoma del seno piriforme.

Prognostic factors of pyriform sinus carcinomas were studied in 122 patients. The 5-year determinate survival was 25.8%. Factors that implied a bad prognosis were an advanced local and nodal stage, and the degree of differentiation. At variance, alcohol and tobacco abuse, age, previous tracheostomy, involvement of surgical margins and local complications had not any prognostic significance.

[Topographic and cytoarchitectonics analysis of the vestibular complex in rats]. / Análisis topográfico y citoarquitectónico del complejo vestibular de la rata.

The limits of the vestibular nuclei and accessory groups were analyzed in 7 rats. This information was taken using camera lucida drawings of the vestibular nuclei and their neurons in serial sections. The study of the morphometric parameters of the neurons (area and maximum diameter) were accomplished by means of a program for image analysis. The cells of the superior nucleus had an area and maximum diameter of 302.05 microns2 and 24.05 microns, those of the medial nucleus 222.98 microns2 and 20.49 microns, those of the lateral nucleus 609.94 microns2 and 34.21 microns, and the descending nucleus cells 327.55 microns2 and 25.24 microns. The cellular parameters of the associated groups were also studied and the distribution of them in several intervals was established.

[Morphologic aspects of the vestibular nerve of the chinchilla]. / Aspectos morfológicos del nervio vestibular de la chinchilla.

A quantitative study was made of the number of fibers, their diameters and patterns of distribution in 14 ampullar nerves of chinchilla. The nerves were processed for osmium staining, embedded in plastic and cut serially in 1-micron-thick sections for histologic evaluation. Quantitative evaluation of nerve-fiber characteristics was made with the aid of a laboratory computer and specific programs. The number of the nerve fibers ranged between 1,877 and 2,175. The diameters of the fibers could be as large as 8 microns. The fibers between 2 and 2.5 microns were the most abundant, representing 29.6% of the fiber population. The distribution of fibers in the cristae was size-dependent: 80% of the thin fibers were located at the ends of the nerves, while most of the thick fibers were distributed through the central and intermediate areas.

[The small intestine in the presence of endotoxins in the blood. Effects of splenectomy]. / El intestino delgado durante la endotoxemia. Efectos de la esplenectomía.

We have studied the small intestine by morphologic and histochemical methods of mice treated with Serratia marcescens endotoxin (LD50); the half of the control and endotoxemic animals were splenectomized. We have not observed changes in the only splenectomized animals. We have found important alterations during the endotoxemia in the structure of small intestine, specially in the cells of the mucous membrane, as the cytoplasm and the nucleus. There are an increase of hemorrhagic phenomenons and of mucus, hemodynamic disturbances and loss of continuity of the intestinal wall. These changes are more notable in the endotoxemic and splenectomized animals than in the only endotoxemic animals. These results have be ratified by cytometric and statistic studies. The importance of the intestine in the endotoxemia and the function of the spleen are discussed.