A new method for evaluating lung volume: AI-3D reconstruction.

Objective: This study aims to explore the clinical application of an AI-3D reconstruction system in measuring lung volume and analyze its practical value in donor-recipient size matching in lung transplantation. Methods: The study retrospectively collected data from 75 subjects who underwent a plethysmography examination and lung CT at the First Hospital of Jilin University. General data and information related to lung function, and imaging results were collected. The correlation between actual total lung volume (aTLV), predicted total lung volume (pTLV), and artificial intelligence three-dimensional reconstruction CT lung volume (AI-3DCTVol) was analyzed for the overall, male, and female groups. The correlation coefficient and the absolute error percentage with pTLV and AI-3DCTVol were obtained. Results: In the overall, male, and female groups, there were statistical differences (p <0.05) between the pTLV formula and AI-3D reconstruction compared to the plethysmography examination value. The ICC between pTLV and aTLV for all study participants was 0.788 (95% CI: 0.515-0.893), p <0.001. Additionally, the ICC value between AI-3D reconstruction and aTLV was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.681-0.866), p <0.001. For male study participants, the ICC between pTLV and aTLV was 0.330 (95% CI: 0.032-0.617), p = 0.006. Similarly, the ICC value between AI-3D reconstruction and aTLV was 0.413 (95% CI: 0.089-0.662), p = 0.007. In the case of female research subjects, the ICC between pTLV and aTLV was 0.279 (95% CI: 0.001-0.523), p = 0.012. Further, the ICC value between AI-3D reconstruction and aTLV was 0.615 (95% CI: 0.561-0.870), p <0.001. Conclusion: The AI-3D reconstruction, as a convenient method, has significant potential for application in lung transplantation.

Mediating effects of future time perspective on the relationship between mindfulness and learning burnout in college students: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

With the rise of positive psychology, educators gradually pay attention to the construction of psychological capital of college students. Mindfulness is linked to learning burnout; however, little research has examined how mindfulness is associated with learning burnout via future time perspective. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between mindfulness state, future time perspective and learning burnout of college students, and explore the mediating effect of future time perspective on mindfulness and learning burnout. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 358 college students were enrolled from Harbin Medical university. General information questionnaire, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the learning burnout scale and The Future Time Perspective Scale were used for investigation. Calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. There was negative correlation between positive mindfulness and learning burnout (r = -0.41, P < .01), and positive correlation between future time perspective and mindfulness (r = 0.38, P < .01), and negative correlation with learning burnout (r = -0.37, P < .01). Furthermore, future time perspective (ß = -0.40, P < .01) had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and learning burnout. Educators should improve the mindfulness of college students by developing and implementing future time perspective, in order to improve their learning burnout.

Spatial-temporal analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province, China, 2011-2021.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease of major public health problem, China is one of the PTB high burden counties in the word. Hubei is one of the provinces having the highest notification rate of tuberculosis in China. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of PTB in Hubei province for targeted intervention on TB epidemics. METHODS: The data on PTB cases were extracted from the National Tuberculosis Information Management System correspond to population in 103 counties of Hubei Province from 2011 to 2021. The effect of PTB control was measured by variation trend of bacteriologically confirmed PTB notification rate and total PTB notification rate. Time series, spatial autonomic correlation and spatial-temporal scanning methods were used to identify the temporal trends and spatial patterns at county level of Hubei. RESULTS: A total of 436,955 cases were included in this study. The total PTB notification rate decreased significantly from 81.66 per 100,000 population in 2011 to 52.25 per 100,000 population in 2021. The peak of PTB notification occurred in late spring and early summer annually. This disease was spatially clustering with Global Moran's I values ranged from 0.34 to 0.63 (P< 0.01). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the hot spots are mainly distributed in the southwest and southeast of Hubei Province. Using the SaTScan 10.0.2 software, results from the staged spatial-temporal analysis identified sixteen clusters. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified seasonal patterns and spatial-temporal clusters of PTB cases in Hubei province. High-risk areas in southwestern Hubei still exist, and need to focus on and take targeted control and prevention measures.

HKDC1 upregulation promotes glycolysis and disease progression, and confers chemoresistance onto gastric cancer.

There is increasing evidence that hexokinase is involved in cell proliferation and migration. However, the function of the hexokinase domain containing protein-1 (HKDC1) in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Immunohistochemistry analysis and big data mining were used to evaluate the correlation between HKDC1 expression and clinical features in GC. In addition, the biological function and molecular mechanism of HKDC1 in GC were studied by in vitro and in vivo assays. Our study indicated that HKDC1 expression was upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. High expression of HKDC1 was associated with worse prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that HKDC1 upregulation promoted glycolysis, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. In addition, HKDC1 could enhance GC invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Abrogation of HKDC1 could effectively attenuate its oncogenic and metastatic function. Moreover, HKDC1 promoted GC proliferation and migration in vivo. HKDC1 overexpression conferred chemoresistance to cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) onto GC cells. Furthermore, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor PS-341 could attenuate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance ability induced by HKDC1 overexpression in GC cells. Our results highlight a critical role of HKDC1 in promoting glycolysis, tumorigenesis, and EMT of GC cells via activating the NF-κB pathway. In addition, HKDC1-mediated drug resistance was associated with DNA damage repair, which further activated NF-κB signaling. HKDC1 upregulation may be used as a potential indicator for choosing an effective chemotherapy regimen for GC patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Analysis of the influencing factors in the long-term survival of esophageal cancer.

Background: To analyze the prognosis and diagnostic value of relevant hematological indexes on the survival status of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery. Methods: This study included 206 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgical R0 resection. The data, including the basic information, preoperative blood routine, albumin, fibrinogen, surgery-related information, postoperative pathology, and overall survival, of the patients were compared. Results: The survival and death groups showed a significant difference in overall survival (OS), the degree of differentiation, depth of infiltration, pathological stage, vascular infiltration, nerve infiltration, fibrinogen, white blood cell, neutrophils, platelet, and platelet hematocrit (P<0.05). Tumor located in the middle thorax, larger lesion length, deeper invasion, later pathological stage, vascular infiltration, nerve infiltration, lymph node metastasis, cardiovascular disease, and higher smoking grade were risk factors for poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (P<0.05). Cardiovascular disease, lower differentiation, tumor located in the middle thorax, and nerve infiltration were independent risk factors for the reduction of survival time of patients with ESCC (P<0.05). Conclusions: History of cardiovascular disease, tumor located in the middle chest, poorly differentiated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, visible nerve cancer invasion, hematocrit (HCT), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hemoglobin (HB) are independent risk factors for the long-term survival of patients with ESCC.

Broad-Band-Enhanced Plasmonic Perovskite Solar Cells with Irregular Silver Nanomaterials.

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from noble metal nanomaterials (NMs) is a promising solution to approach the theoretical efficiency for photovoltaic devices. However, the plasmon resonance of metal NMs with particular shapes and sizes can only be excited within narrow spectral ranges, which can hardly cover the broad-band solar spectrum. To address this issue, in this article, Ag NMs with irregular shapes and sizes are synthesized and embedded in the electron transport layer of perovskite solar cells. With the outstanding conductivity of Ag NMs, the series resistance and charge transfer resistance of the devices are dramatically decreased. The Ag NMs with larger size could enhance the light-trapping of the devices owing to the far-field light scattering effect. The near-field enhancement by LSPR of Ag NMs with a small size mainly contributes to the promotion of carrier transport and extraction. As a result, broad-band improvements in photovoltaic performance are achieved due to the significant enhancement of light absorption and electrical features. The highest power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells increases from 19.52 to 22.42% after the incorporation of Ag NMs.

DNase1L3 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth via inhibiting complement autocrine effect.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and currently lacks effective treatment strategies. The present study revealed that deoxyribonuclease 1 like 3 (DNase1L3) expression levels were significantly downregulated in numerous types of gastrointestinal cancer, and especially in HCC. Tissue microarrays were further used to illustrate that DNase1L3 expression levels were frequently downregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. In addition, DNase1L3 expression levels were identified to be significantly associated with tumor size (p=0.0028), tumor thrombus formation (p<0.01), and a poorer overall survival (p=0.005) and disease-free survival (p=0.006) of HCC. Gene Ontology functional term enrichment analysis of biological processes discovered that DNase1L3 was significantly associated with complement activation. Further studies demonstrated that the ectopic expression of DNase1L3 suppressed cell growth and inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation following C3a receptor agonist treatment. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested, for the first time, that DNase1L3 may serve as a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC, and may suppress HCC growth via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Dual Electron Transport Layer of Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in Anatase TiO2 Films.

Incorporating plasmonic nanostructures is a promising strategy to enhance both the optical and electrical characteristics of photovoltaic devices via more efficient harvesting of incident light. Herein, we report a facile fabrication scheme at low temperature for producing gold nanoparticles embedded in anatase TiO2 films, which can simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of n-i-p planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSCs based on rigid and flexible substrates with 0.2 wt % Au-TiO2/TiO2 dual electron transport layers (ETLs) achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 20.31 and 15.36%, superior to that of devices with TiO2 as a single ETL. Moreover, 0.2 wt % Au-TiO2/TiO2 devices demonstrated significant stability in light soaking, which is attributed to improved light absorption, low charge recombination loss, and enhanced carrier transport, and extraction with the plasmonic Au-TiO2/TiO2 dual ETL. The present work improves the practicability of high-performance and flexible PSCs by engineering the photogenerated carrier dynamics at the interface.

Tumor Fibroblast-Derived FGF2 Regulates Expression of SPRY1 in Esophageal Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Plays a Role in T-cell Exhaustion.

T-cell exhaustion was initially identified in chronic infection in mice and was subsequently described in humans with cancer. Although the distinct signature of exhausted T (TEX) cells in cancer has been well investigated, the molecular mechanism of T-cell exhaustion in cancer is not fully understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we report here that TEX cells in esophageal cancer are more heterogeneous than previously clarified. Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1 (SPRY1) was notably enriched in two subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells. When overexpressed, SPRY1 impaired T-cell activation by interacting with CBL, a negative regulator of ZAP-70 tyrosine phosphorylation. Data from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource revealed a strong correlation between FGF2 and SPRY1 expression in esophageal cancer. High expression of FGF2 was evident in fibroblasts from esophageal cancer tissue and correlated with poor overall survival. In vitro administration of FGF2 significantly upregulated expression of SPRY1 in CD8+ T cells and attenuated T-cell receptor-triggered CD8+ T-cell activation. A mouse tumor model confirmed that overexpression of FGF2 in fibroblasts significantly upregulated SPRY1 expression in TEX cells, impaired T-cell cytotoxic activity, and promoted tumor growth. Thus, these findings identify FGF2 as an important regulator of SPRY1 expression involved in establishing the dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells in esophageal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal FGF2 as an important regulator of SPRY1 expression involved in establishing the dysfunctional state of CD8+ T cells and suggest that inhibition of FGF2 has potential clinical value in ESCC. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/24/5583/F1.large.jpg.

Hybrid Fullerene-Based Electron Transport Layers Improving the Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.

The structure-dependent thermal stability of fullerene electron transport layers (ETLs) and its impact on device stability have been underrated for years. Based on cocrystallographic understanding, herein, we develop a thermally stable ETL comprising a hybrid layer of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-propylbenzene (PCPB). By tuning the weight ratios of PCBM and PCPB to influence the noncovalent intermolecular interactions and packing of fullerene derivatives, we obtained a champion device based on the 20PCPB (20 wt % addition of PCPB into the mixture of PCBM/PCPB) ETL and excellent thermal stability of 500 h under 85 °C thermal aging in a N2 atmosphere in the dark. The present work exemplifies that cocrystallography can be a precise tool to probe the interaction and aggregation of fullerene derivatives in ETLs, and mixed fullerene derivatives can be sought as promising ETLs to enhance the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells under high-temperature working environments.

Categorising characteristics of counterfeit Marlboro cigarettes: a systematic review of tobacco industry documents.

BACKGROUND: There is scant research on methods used to identify counterfeit Marlboro cigarettes. METHODS: Systematic analysis of internal tobacco industry documents characteristics of counterfeit Marlboro cigarettes. RESULTS: In the industry documents we identified as relevant, there were 42 characteristics of counterfeit Marlboro cigarettes. Overall, physical characteristics (88.1%) were the most commonly identified features across all locations, with the pack blank, cardboard shell of the cigarette pack, as the dominant site (30.9%). Some of the physical characteristics included offset lithography printing, incorrect font and colour. Overall, light microscopy was identified as the main method of forensic analysis for detecting counterfeits. CONCLUSION: Independent researchers employing litter pack and pack swap surveys are encouraged to use the characteristics identified in the study to gauge the prevalence of counterfeit Marlboro cigarettes and compare against industry estimates.

An Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Secondary School - Hubei Province, 2019.

What is already known about this topic? Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis with resistance to common treatments such as isoniazid and rifampicin. MDR-TB is a major global health challenge and needs to be controlled tightly through prevention measures, early diagnosis, and full treatment and management. What is added by this report? This outbreak was the first MDR-TB related public health emergency in Hubei Province. In total, five MDR-TB cases and nine clinically diagnosed cases were identified within one class in a secondary school. Students and teachers from other classes were monitored, but no other cases were found. What are the implications for public health practice? The implementation of TB prevention and control measures in schools is important to increase knowledge on TB and to raise awareness on protecting personal wellbeing. The Automatic Early Warning Information System alerted the local health department and allowed for a timely response to prevent further disease spread.

Moringa oleifera Seed Extract Alleviates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice.

The extract of Moringa oleifera seeds has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties. In the present study, we assessed the neuropharmacological effects of 70% ethanolic M. oleifera seed extract (MSE) on cognitive impairment caused by scopolamine injection in mice using the passive avoidance and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. MSE (250 or 500 mg/kg) was administered to mice by oral gavage for 7 or 14 days, and cognitive impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (4 mg/kg) for 1 or 6 days. Mice that received scopolamine alone showed impaired learning and memory retention and considerably decreased cholinergic system reactivity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. MSE pretreatment significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and enhanced cholinergic system reactivity and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Additionally, the protein expressions of phosphorylated Akt, ERK1/2, and CREB in the hippocampus were significantly decreased by scopolamine, but these decreases were reversed by MSE treatment. These results suggest that MSE-induced ameliorative cognitive effects are mediated by enhancement of the cholinergic neurotransmission system and neurogenesis via activation of the Akt, ERK1/2, and CREB signaling pathways. These findings suggest that MSE could be a potent neuropharmacological drug against amnesia, and its mechanism might be modulation of cholinergic activity via the Akt, ERK1/2, and CREB signaling pathways.

Clinical study of the oxygen drive aerosol inhalation with budesonide and ambroxol in the prevention of adult post-thoracotomy pneumonia / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of the oxygen drive aerosol in halation with budesonide and ambroxol in the prevention of adult post-thoracotomy pneumonia.@*METHODS@#This was a randomized, open and parallel controlled trial. We chose 80 cases of patients in the department of thoracic surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University which fitted our criteria as the research object. The selected patients were randomly divided into the active group and the control group, and the active group underwent oxygen drive aerosol inhalation (2 mg budesonide combined 60 mg ambroxol) for 3 days before operation, and the control group without preoperative aerosol inhalation, and their postoperative therapy was the same.@*RESULTS@#The baseline data showed that the differences in sex, age, disease and smoking were not statistically significant between the two groups, P>0.05. The results of blood gas analysis before 12 hours of operation suggested that, the PaO₂and PaCO₂values of the active group were (88.40±9.40) mmHg and (38.30±6.10) mmHg; The PaO₂and PaCO₂ values of the control group were (85.09±7.18) mmHg and (41.21±3.15) mmHg. And the two groups' P values were 0.029 and 0.011, with statistical differences. There were 3 patients who developed postoperative pneumonia out of 40 patients in the active group, the incidence was 7.50%, but the incidence of control group was 25.00%. The P value was 0.034, with statistical differences. We also analyzed the influence of different diseases and surgical methods on postoperative pneumonia, and the results showed that in the active group and the control group, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in the patients with esophageal cancer was lower than that in lung cancer patients, and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In the active group, the numbers of pulmonary deed resection, lobectomy and pulmonary sleeve resection were 2, 21 and 1 cases respectively, and the corresponding numbers in the control group were 2, 21 and 2. Among the two groups, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in the patients with different surgical methods of lung cancer was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#If we implement respiratory preparation with budesonide plus ambroxol inhalation for 3 days before operation, we can greatly reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia?

Enhancing Performance and Uniformity of Perovskite Solar Cells via a Solution-Processed C70 Interlayer for Interface Engineering.

Although some kinds of semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs) have been applied as electron selective layers (ESLs) for planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), electron transfer is still limited by low electron mobility and defect film formation of SMO ESLs fabricated via low-temperature solution process. Herein, the C70 interlayer between TiO2 and (HC(NH2)2PbI3)x(CH3NH3PbCl3)1-x is prepared by spin-coating and low-temperature annealing for planar n-i-p PSCs. The resultant TiO2/C70 ESL shows good surface morphology, efficient electron extraction, and facilitation of high-quality perovskite film formation, which can be attributed to the suitable nanosize and the superior electronic property of C70 molecules. In comparison with pristine TiO2-based PSCs, the efficiency and hysteresis index are, respectively, enhanced 28% and reduced 76% by adding the C70 interlayer between TiO2 and perovskite on the basis of statistical data of more than 50 cells. With the main advantages of low-temperature process and optimized interface, the champion efficiency of PSCs on flexible substrates could exceed 12% in contrast with the above 18% on rigid substrate.

Control of bulk homochirality and proton conductivity in isostructural chiral metal-organic frameworks.

We have demonstrated for the first time that isostructural homochiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be synthesized directly from chiral ligands and indirectly from achiral ligands via spontaneous resolution combined with cooperative chirality induction, respectively. Moreover, the usage of different ligands leads to distinct proton conduction behaviors.

Metal-complex chromophores for solar hydrogen generation.

Solar H2 generation from water has been intensively investigated as a clean method to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuel. During the past few decades, many studies have demonstrated that metal complexes can act as efficient photoactive materials for photocatalytic H2 production. Here, we review the recent progress in the application of metal-complex chromophores to solar-to-H2 conversion, including metal-complex photosensitizers and supramolecular photocatalysts. A brief overview of the fundamental principles of photocatalytic H2 production is given. Then, different metal-complex photosensitizers and supramolecular photocatalysts are introduced in detail, and the most important factors that strictly determine their photocatalytic performance are also discussed. Finally, we illustrate some challenges and opportunities for future research in this promising area.

Diagnostic evaluation of appendiceal orifice inflammation in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of appendiceal orifice inflammation (AOI) in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined data from patients with colitis from May 2010 to January 2014 and assigned them to two groups: UC cases and specific colitis cases. First, we clarified the difference in the AOI+ rate between the two groups. Thereafter, imaging findings of all the patients with colitis were re-examined. Features of AOI alone or in combination with proctitis (referred to as "combination features") were considered as the two separate diagnostic criteria for diagnosing UC. By comparing the current diagnoses with the previous diagnoses, evaluation indexes were obtained. RESULTS: A total of 3582 colitis cases (UC cases: 427; specific colitis cases: 3155) were examined. The mean AOI+ rates in UC and specific colitis cases were 26.2% and 0.7%, respectively; a Chi-squared test indicated that the difference between these rates was statistically significant (x2=6.81; p<0.001, OR=50.99). When the AOI features alone were used to diagnose UC, the sensitivity was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 22.3%-30.6%], agreement rate was 90.6%, and specificity was 99.3% (95% CI, 98.9%-99.5%). When the combination features were used to diagnose UC, the sensitivity was 26.2% (95% CI, 22.3%-30.6%), agreement rate was 91.1%, and specificity was 99.9% (95% CI, 99.7%-100%). CONCLUSION: Combining AOI features and proctitis may lead to a more effective UC diagnosis and enable physicians to identify this condition more promptly among miscellaneous diseases.

[Integration and demonstration of key techniques in surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis in Jiangsu Province III Development of a machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding and to evaluate its effectiveness of field application, so as to provide a novel Oncomelania hupensis snail control technique in the large-scale marshlands. METHODS: The machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding, which was suitable for use in complex marshland areas, was developed according to the mechanization and automation principles, and was used for O. hupensis snail control in the marshland. The effect of the machine on environmental cleaning and plough was evaluated, and the distribution of living snails was observed at various soil layers following plough. The snail control effects of plough alone and plough followed by mollusciciding were compared. RESULTS: The machine could simultaneously complete the procedures of getting vegetation down and cut vegetation into pieces, plough and snail control by spraying niclosamide. After plough, the constituent ratios of living snails were 36.31%, 25.60%, 22.62% and 15.48% in the soil layers at depths of 0-5, 6-10, 11-15 cm and 16-20 cm respectively, and 61.91% living snails were found in the 0-10 cm soil layers. Seven and fifteen days after the experiment, the mortality rates of snails were 9.38% and 8.29% in the plough alone group, and 63.04% and 80.70% in the plough + mollusciciding group respectively (χ²7 d = 42.74, χ²15 d = 155.56, both P values < 0.01). Thirty days after the experiment, the densities of snails were 3.02 snails/0.1 m² and 0.53 snails/ 0.1 m² in the soil surface of the plough alone group and the plough + mollusciciding group, which decreased by 64.92% and 93.60%, respectively, and the decrease rate of snail density was approximately 30% higher in the plough + mollusciciding group than that in the plough alone group. CONCLUSIONS: The machine simultaneously integrating mechanized environmental cleaning and automatic mollusciciding achieves the integration of mechanical environmental cleaning and automatic niclosamide spraying in the complex marshland areas, which provides a novel technique of field snail control in the large-scale setting in China.

MoS2 Nanosheet-Modified CuInS2 Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production from Water.

Exploiting photocatalysts respond to visible light is of huge challenge for photocatalytic H2 production. Here, we synthesize a new composite material consisting of few-layer MoS2 nanosheets grown on CuInS2 surface as an efficient photocatalyst for solar H2 generation. The photocatalytic results demonstrate that the 3 wt % MoS2 /CuInS2 photocatalyst exhibits the highest H2 generation rate of 316 µmol h(-1) g(-1) under visible light irradiation, which is almost 28 times higher than that of CuInS2 . Importantly, the MoS2 /CuInS2 photocatalyst shows a much higher photocatalytic activity than that of Pt-loaded CuInS2 photocatalyst. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of MoS2 /CuInS2 photocatalysts can be attributed to the improved charge separation at the interface of MoS2 and CuInS2, which is demonstrated by the significant enhancement of photocurrent responses in MoS2 /CuInS2 photoelectrodes. This work presents a noble-metal-free photocatalyst that responds to visible light for solar H2 generation.