Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety, depression and burnout in gynecology and obstetrics residents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and burnout in residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics during COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and its associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving all regions of Brazil, through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) instrument. Multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting the Poisson model. Results: Among the 719 participating medical residents, screening was positive for anxiety in 75.7% and for depression in 49.8% of cases. Burnout syndrome was evidenced in 41.3% of the physicians studied. Those with depression are more likely to have anxiety (OR 0.797; 95%CI 0.687 - 0.925) and burnout syndrome (OR 0.847 95%CI 0.74 - 0.97). Residents with anxiety (OR 0.805; 95%CI 0.699 - 0.928) and burnout (OR 0.841; 95%CI 0.734 - 0.963) are more likely to have depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of anxiety, depression and burnout were found in residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Brazil, in addition to important correlations between anxiety-depression and depression-burnout.

Expression levels of specific microRNAs are increased after exercise and are associated with cognitive improvement in Parkinson's disease.

There is a consensus regarding the efficacy of physical exercise in maintaining or improving human health; however, there are few studies examining the effect of physical exercise on the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNA/miRs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an interval training program on a cycle ergometer on the expression levels of miR­106a­5p, miR­103a­3p and miR­29a­3p in serum samples from men with PD. This was a quasi­experimental study with pre­ and post­testing and with a non­equivalent group design. The participants were selected based on the eligibility criteria and subsequently classified into two groups: Experimental group and control group. The evaluations were performed at the beginning of the study (week 0) and after 8 weeks of the intervention program (week 9). The interval training program was performed on a cycle ergometer for 30 min, three times a week during an 8­week period. The expression levels of miR­106a­5p, miR­103a­3p and miR­29a­3p in the experimental group were increased after physical exercise and were associated with cognitive improvement in men with PD. However, further studies are required to clarify the potential use of these circulating miRNAs as markers of adaptation to physical exercise. Collectively, the present results indicated that these three miRNAs may be associated with the exercise response and cognitive improvement in men with PD.

Semantic equivalence in Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised.

BACKGROUND: The Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised assesses adjustment to amputation and to using a prosthesis and considers psychosocial adjustment, activity restriction, satisfaction with the prosthesis, and other aspects related to health and physical activities, including residual and phantom limb pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the semantic equivalence of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised when translated into Brazilian Portuguese. STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative study. METHODS: The process was conducted in five stages: translation of the questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese; development of a first consensual version in Brazilian Portuguese; appraisal of the translation by an expert committee; back-translation; and semantics assessment of the instrument. For semantic evaluation, the translated and adapted Brazilian Portuguese versions were applied to a convenience sample of 10 individuals. RESULTS: The translated instrument showed a high degree of comprehension within the target population, as it was observed all questions from Part I and II were score 4 or higher on an Ordinal Scale ranging from 0 to 5. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised has a satisfactory verbal comprehension and is now ready for assessment of its psychometric properties. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The process of semantic evaluation of the Brazilian version of the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales-Revised makes available to health professionals and researchers who work with people with amputations initial information on cross-cultural adaptation and degree of comprehension of this scale.

Effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the last 10 years.

BACKGROUND: Given the relative importance of cognitive impairment, there was considerable interest in identifying the cognitive profile of PD patients, in order to ensure specific and appropriate therapeutic interventions. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of physical exercise programs on cognitive function in PD patients, compared with the control group. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PEDro and Web of Science (last searched in September 2016). STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of physical exercise programs and cognitive function in PD patients. Nine studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this review. DATA EXTRACTION: Characteristics of the publication, characteristics of the participants, test used for cognitive screening, cognitive domain assessed, tools used to assess cognitive function, characteristics of the experimental intervention, characteristics of the control group, mean results and standard deviation of function cognitive. The PEDro score was used to evaluate methodological quality. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most eligible studies showed good methodological quality based on the PEDro scale. Studies have shown that adapted tango for PD patients, cognitive training combined with motor training, and treadmill training promote the preservation or improvement of cognitive function in PD patients. LIMITATIONS: The diversity of cognitive tests used to assess cognitive function and the high heterogeneity identified between the physical exercise programs. CONCLUSIONS: Physical exercise programs promote positive and significant effects on global cognitive function, processing speed, sustained attention and mental flexibility in PD patients, at a mild to moderate stage for patients with a 6-year clinical diagnosis of PD. However, treadmill training performed 3 times a week for about 60 minutes and for a period of 24 weeks produced larger improvements in cognition.

Motivação para a prática de atividades físicas e esportivas de crianças: uma revisão sistemática / Motivation for the practice of physical activities and sports of children: a systematic review

Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar sistematicamente a produção científica sobre motivação para prática de atividades físicas e esportivas de crianças. Para isso, foram utilizadas as bases de dados: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science e SCOPUS (Elsevier) e a estratégia de busca incluiu os descritores propostos no Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e seus correlatos: "Motivation", "Disincentives", "Disincentive", "Incentives", "Incentive", "Sports", "Sport", "Athletics", "Athletic", "Motor Activity", "Child", "Children". Foram incluídos artigos científicos originais de base populacional ou escolar sem restrição de local e idioma; com amostra de crianças; com temática sobre motivação para a prática de atividade física e esportiva de crianças; com resumos e textos completos disponíveis na íntegra pelo meio online; publicados nos últimos dez anos. Identificou-se que a motivação para a prática de atividades físicas e esportivas é uma temática abordada em todo o mundo, mas observa-se pouca produção específica a respeito no Brasil, apesar da produção científica da área vir aumentando nos últimos anos. Foram incluídos dezoito estudos, os quais demonstraram que a maior parte das crianças valorizavam amizade, manutenção do físico, saúde e peso e status social como aspecto motivacional para a prática de atividades físicas e esportivas, sendo que as meninas valorizavam mais amizades, diversão e manutenção do físico, saúde e peso enquanto os meninos valorizavam mais o desempenho e habilidades, competição, status social e amizades. Assim, devem-se elaborar estratégias de intervenção que abordem tais aspectos, visando a continuidade de participação dos sujeitos.

This study aimed to systematically review the scientific production about motivation for the practice of physical activities and sports of children. Therefore, the databases were used: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science and Scopus (Elsevier) and the search strategy included the descriptors proposed in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) its related: "Motivation," "Disincentives" "Disincentive", "Incentives", "Incentive", "Sports", "Sport", "Athletics", "Athletic", "Motor Activity", "Child", "Children". Composed of original scientific articles of population base or school base without restriction of place and language; with sample of children; with theme on motivation for physical activity and sport for children; with abstracts and full texts available online in free access; published in the last ten years. Identified that the motivation for the practice of physical activities and sports is a subject discussed all over the world, but there has been little production specific in Brazil, despite the scientific production of the subject increase in recent years. Eighteen studies were included, which showed that most children valued friendship, physical maintenance, health and weight and social status as a motivational aspect to the practice of physical activities and sports, and girls valued more friendships, fun and maintenance physical, health and weight while boys more importance to performance and skills, competition, status and friendships. Thus, should develop intervention strategies that approach these aspects, in order to continue participation of the subjects.

microRNAs involved in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of blood microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in PD in humans. For this purpose the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the proposed descriptors in the Medical Subject Headings. There were no restrictions with respect to the language of the publication. In the study selection two independent reviewers initially evaluated studies that were identified by the search strategy according to titles and abstracts. The reviewers evaluated (also unassisted) the complete articles and selected studies according to the eligibility criteria specified above. Studies that were not in accordance with the adopted criteria were excluded according to the boundaries imposed by the search strategy. The following data were extracted from the selected studies: Publication identification, location where the study was conducted, study design, the sample size, the participants' characteristics, the miRNAs involved in PD, the miRNA detection and analysis method, and the type of miRNA dysregulation in PD. Through this systematic review of the literature published over the last 10 years, the expression of 91 different miRNAs were analyzed in the context of PD, with the expression of 39 of these miRNAs differing significantly between individuals with PD and healthy controls and/or between treated and untreated patients with PD. The miRNAs were extracted from mononuclear cells, leukocytes, plasma, serum and peripheral blood, and the majority of the studies used reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which is considered to be the gold standard for miRNA analysis.

[Estimators of internal consistency in health research: the use of the alpha coefficient]. / Estimadores de consistencia interna en las investigaciones en salud: el uso del coeficiente alfa.

Academic production has increased in the area of health, increasingly demanding high quality in publications of great impact. One of the ways to consider quality is through methods that increase the consistency of data analysis, such as reliability which, depending on the type of data, can be evaluated by different coefficients, especially the alpha coefficient. Based on this, the present review systematically gathers scientific articles produced in the last five years, which in a methodological manner gave the α coefficient psychometric use as an estimator of internal consistency and reliability in the processes of construction, adaptation and validation of instruments. The identification of the studies was conducted systematically in the databases BioMed Central Journals, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline, SciELO, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ and Springer, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analyses were performed by means of triangulation, content analysis and descriptive analysis. It was found that most studies were conducted in Iran (f=3), Spain (f=2) and Brazil (f=2). These studies aimed to test the psychometric properties of instruments, with eight studies using the α coefficient to assess reliability and nine for assessing internal consistency. All studies were classified as methodological research when their objectives were analyzed. In addition, four studies were also classified as correlational and one as descriptive-correlational. It can be concluded that though the α coefficient is widely used as one of the main parameters for assessing internal consistency of questionnaires in health sciences, its use as an estimator of trust of the methodology used and internal consistency has some critiques that should be considered.

Estimadores de consistencia interna en las investigaciones en salud: el uso del coeficiente alfa / Estimators of internal consistency in health research: the use of the alpha coefficient

La producción académica ha aumentado en el área de la salud, exigiendo cada vez más calidad en las publicaciones de gran impacto. Una de las formas de considerar la calidad es por medio de procedimientos que aumentan la consistencia del análisis de los datos, como la confiabilidad, que dependiendo del tipo de datos, puede ser evaluada por diferentes coeficientes, en especial el coeficiente alfa. Basados en lo anterior, la presente revisión reúne sistemáticamente artículos científicos producidos en los últimos cinco años, que de manera metodológica hicieron uso psicométrico del coeficiente α como un estimador de consistencia interna y de confiabilidad en procesos de construcción, adaptación y validación de instrumentos. La identificación de los estudios fue realizada sistemáticamente en las bases de datos Biomed Central Journals, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline via Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ y Springer por medio del Portal de Periódicos CAPES, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión. El análisis de los datos fue realizado por medio de triangulación, análisis de contenido y análisis descriptivo. Se obtuvo que la mayoría de los estudios fueron realizados principalmente en Irán (f=3), España (f=2) y Brasil (f=2), estos estudios tuvieron como objetivo testar las propiedades psicométricas de instrumentos, siendo que ocho estudios utilizaron el coeficiente α para evaluar la confiabilidad y nueve para evaluar la consistencia interna. Todos los estudios fueron clasificados como investigaciones metodológicas al analizar sus objetivos. Adicionalmente, cuatro estudios también fueron clasificados como correlacionales y uno como descriptivo-correlacional. Se puede concluir que a pesar de que el coeficiente α es ampliamente utilizado como uno de los principales parámetros para la evaluación de consistencia interna de instrumentos de medición del tipo cuestionario en el área de ciencias de la salud.

Academic production has increased in the area of health, increasingly demanding high quality in publications of great impact. One of the ways to consider quality is through methods that increase the consistency of data analysis, such as reliability which, depending on the type of data, can be evaluated by different coefficients, especially the alpha coefficient. Based on this, the present review systematically gathers scientific articles produced in the last five years, which in a methodological manner gave the α coefficient psychometric use as an estimator of internal consistency and reliability in the processes of construction, adaptation and validation of instruments. The identification of the studies was conducted systematically in the databases BioMed Central Journals, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Medline, SciELO, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, BMJ and Springer, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analyses were performed by means of triangulation, content analysis and descriptive analysis. It was found that most studies were conducted in Iran (f=3), Spain (f=2) and Brazil (f=2). These studies aimed to test the psychometric properties of instruments, with eight studies using the α coefficient to assess reliability and nine for assessing internal consistency. All studies were classified as methodological research when their objectives were analyzed. In addition, four studies were also classified as correlational and one as descriptive-correlational. It can be concluded that though the α coefficient is widely used as one of the main parameters for assessing internal consistency of questionnaires in health sciences, its use as an estimator of trust of the methodology used and internal consistency has some critiques that should be considered.

Anthropometric indicators of obesity in policemen: a systematic review of observational studies.

The aim of this paper was to summarize scientific literature on obesity in policemen through a systematic review of observational studies. For this purpose the following electronic databases were selected: Medline by Pubmed, CINAHL, and Scopus; and a manual search of the referenced studies concerning this topic was performed. There were no restrictions with respect to the year or language of the publication. Twenty-three studies were identified and 9 articles, considered as potentially relevant, were included. The labor time, shift and career progression promoted changes in body composition. Most of the policemen taking part in the studies included in this paper were overweight (BMI: 25.2-29.3), obese (body fat ≥ 25%), had increased waist (90.4-102 cm) and abdominal perimeters (18.9-90.5 cm), and had a higher risk of chronic disease, which is associated with depression and stress development. Interventional studies are needed for the purpose of proposing preventive and rehabilitation programs, which would result in providing physical and mental well-being, improvement of life quality and, especially, prevention of obesity related to police work.

Health-related quality of life and related factors of military police officers.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to determine the effect of demographic characteristics, occupation, anthropometric indices, and leisure-time physical activity levels on coronary risk and health-related quality of life among military police officers from the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: The sample included 165 military police officers who fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey were used, in addition to a spreadsheet of socio-demographic, occupational and anthropometric data. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive analysis followed by Spearman Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis using the backward method. RESULTS: The waist-to-height ratio was identified as a risk factor low health-related quality of life. In addition, the conicity index, fat percentage, years of service in the military police, minutes of work per day and leisure-time physical activity levels were identified as risk factors for coronary disease among police officers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Military Police Department should adopt an institutional policy that allows police officers to practice regular physical activity in order to maintain and improve their physical fitness, health, job performance, and quality of life.