RESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is one of the measures with highest impact on prevention of child deaths. The determinants of breastfeeding practices are complex and differ between populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in a suburban area in Angola. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based cross-sectional study in the municipality of Cacuaco, Luanda. METHODS: A random sample of children under two years of age and their mothers was included. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression based on a hierarchical model. RESULTS: 749 children and their mothers were surveyed, including 274 children under six months. Theprevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children under six months was 51.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 46.3-56.6%). Four variables were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding at ages of under six months: number of prenatal visits (PR 1.11 for each visit after the first one; 95% CI 1.04-1.18), maternal occupation (other occupations versus self-employed) (PR 1.54; 95% CI 1.05-2.26), younger child age (PR 0.77 for each month; 95% CI 0.71-0.84) and female child (PR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.76). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at six months was satisfactory, according to international recommendations. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices that had never been surveyed before in Angola were identified through this study. These data are particularly relevant in the context of high infant mortality and may be useful in planning actions aimed at improving child health through promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, in Angola and other countries.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , População Suburbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Idade Materna , AngolaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is one of the measures with highest impact on prevention of child deaths. The determinants of breastfeeding practices are complex and differ between populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in a suburban area in Angola. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based cross-sectional study in the municipality of Cacuaco, Luanda. METHODS: A random sample of children under two years of age and their mothers was included. -Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression based on a hierarchical model. RESULTS: 749 children and their mothers were surveyed, including 274 children under six months. Theprevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children under six months was 51.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 46.3-56.6%). Four variables were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding at ages of under six months: number of prenatal visits (PR 1.11 for each visit after the first one; 95% CI 1.04-1.18), maternal occupation (other occupations versus self-employed) (PR 1.54; 95% CI 1.05-2.26), younger child age (PR 0.77 for each month; 95% CI 0.71-0.84) and female child (PR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.76). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at six months was satisfactory, according to international recommendations. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices that had never been surveyed before in Angola were identified through this study. These data are particularly relevant in the context of high infant mortality and may be useful in planning actions aimed at improving child health through promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, in Angola and other countries.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , População Suburbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Angola , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Idade MaternaRESUMO
As ações do programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo têm sido amplamente desenvolvidas por profissionais de atenção primária, dentre elas, o tratamento para cessação do tabagismo, de acordo com as diretrizes do Instituto Nacional do Cancêr (INCA). Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental e tratamento medicamentoso nos grupos para cessação do tabagismo realizados na Unidade de Saúde Vila Floresta de 2005 a 2007. Método: Quase-experimento, realizado na Unidade de Saúde Vila Floresta. foram incluídos os pacientes que concluiram o período inicial de quatro semanas de tratamento; os que obtiveram sucesso na cessação do tabagismo naquele período foram buscados com o objetivo de inferir se permaneciam abstinentes após seis meses da parada. Resultados: Foram analisados dez grupos de tratamento para cessação do tabagismo, com participação de 111 pacientes, predominantemente mulheres (71,2%), com idade média de 47,25 anos. Resultado de Teste de Fagerstrom elevado ou muito elevado foi encontrado em 65,7% dos pacientes, com média de 6,15. Dos 72 pacientes que tiveram medicações disponibilizadas pelo SUS, 49 (68%) utilizaram pelo menos um dos medicamentos preconizados pelo consenso do INCA. concluíram o tratamento 73% dos pacientes. dos pacientes que concluíram o tratamento, 57,9% estavam sem fumar ao final da quarta semana. Daquele mesmo grupo, 16,7% mantiveram-se abstinentes seis meses após a cessação. Conclusões: O perfil predominante foi de mulheres na quinta década de vida, com elevada ou muito elevada dependência à nicotina. Cerca de sete de cada dez pacientes utilizaram algum medicamento, sendo os mais prescritos bupropina e adesivo de nicotina, separadamente. Aproximadamente 16% dos pacientes mantiveram-se sem fumar por seis meses, independentemente do uso de medicamentos, com uma tendência de maior percentual de abstinência em homens.
