Species-specific relationships between deep sea sponges and their symbiotic Nitrosopumilaceae.

Sponges thrive in the deep, dark and nutrient-depleted ocean and may rely on microbial symbionts for carbon acquisition and energy generation. However, these symbiotic relationships remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyze the microbiome of deep-sea sponges and show that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the family Nitrosopumilaceae make up at least 75% of the microbial communities of the sponges Aphrocallistes sp., Farrea sp. and Paratimea sp.. Given the known autotrophic metabolism of AOAs, this implies that these sponge holobionts can have the capacity for primary production in the deep-sea. We also show that specific AOA lineages are highly specific towards their hosts, hinting towards an unprecedent vertical transmission of these symbionts in deep-sea sponges. Our results show that the ecology and evolution of symbiotic relationships in deep-sea sponge is distinct from that of their shallow-water counterparts.

Global qualitative and quantitative distribution of micropollutants in the deep sea.

Micropollutants (MPs) include a wide range of biological disruptors that can be toxic to wildlife and humans at very low concentrations (<1 µg/L). These mainly anthropogenic pollutants have been widely detected in different areas of the planet, including the deep sea, and have impacts on marine life. Because of this potential toxicity, the global distribution, quantity, incidence, and potential impacts of deep-sea MPs were investigated in a systematic review of the literature. The results showed that MPs have reached different zones of the ocean and are more frequently reported in the Northern Hemisphere, where higher concentrations are found. MPs are also concentrated in depths up to 3000 m, where they are also more frequently studied, but also extend deeper than 10,000 m. Potentially toxic metals (PTMs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), organotins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were identified as the most prevalent and widely distributed MPs at ≥200 m depth. PTMs are widely distributed in the deep sea in high concentrations; aluminum is the most prevalent up to 3000 m depth, followed by zinc and copper. PCBs, organotins, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), PAHs, and phenols were detected accumulated in both organisms and environmental samples above legislated thresholds or known toxicity levels. Our assessment indicated that the deep sea can be considered a sink for MPs.

What Is Known about Midazolam? A Bibliometric Approach of the Literature.

Midazolam is a drug with actions towards the central nervous system producing sedative and anticonvulsants effects, used for sedation and seizures treatments. A better understanding about its effects in the different scenarios presented in the literature could be helpful to gather information regarding its clinical indications, pharmacological interactions, and adverse events. From this perspective, the aim of this study was to analyze the global research about midazolam mapping, specifically the knowledge of the 100 most-cited papers about this research field. For this, a search was executed on the Web of Science-Core Collection database using bibliometric methodological tools. The search strategy retrieved 34,799 articles. A total of 170 articles were evaluated, with 70 articles being excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The 100 most-cited articles rendered 42,480 citations on WoS-CC, ranging from 253 to 1744. Non-systematic review was the most published study type, mainly from North America, during the period of 1992 to 2002. The most frequent keywords were midazolam and pharmacokinetics. Regarding the authors, Thummel and Kunze were the ones with the greatest number of papers included. Our findings showed the global research trends about midazolam, mainly related to its different effects and uses throughout the time.

Judicialização da saúde nos municípios da região metropolitana de Belém-PA / Judicialization of health in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Belém-PA

Objective: to present a panorama of the requests for judicial proceedings concerning medicines from the observations in the municipalities of the metropolitan region of Belém-PA; verify the arguments used by the plaintiffs, judges and defendants in observance of the compatibility of court proceedings with public drug policy; and classify the medications requested in these actions. Methodology: research conducted from the project The judicialization of public health policy in Brazilian municipalities, conducted in the second half of 2017, in the municipalities of Belém, Marituba and Benevides. Descriptive study of quantitative approach with health-related demands, through the analysis of 264 lawsuits, in which the data found were organized in a spreadsheet made in Excel 2010 software. Results: 40 out of the total number of cases analyzed refer to totaling 72 different drugs, these were divided into those present in the Essential Drug Relationships (46), absent from the SUS lists (25) and those not registered for use (1). The Public Prosecution Service and the Public Defender's Office are the most sought after actors in conflict mediation and their resolutions. The plaintiffs use the health-related legal framework to justify their arguments. Conclusion: the request for drugs not on the SUS lists shows the lack of knowledge of prescribing professionals, since among the prescribed drugs, there is an equal choice in the relationships of essential drugs and that will not cause risk to the patient. (AU).

Objetivo: presentar el panorama municipal de las solicitudes de procedimientos judiciales sobre medicamentos a partir de las observaciones en los municipios de la región metropolitana de Belém-PA; verificar los argumentos utilizados por los demandantes, los jueces y los acusados en cumplimiento de la compatibilidad de los procedimientos judiciales con la política pública de drogas; y clasificar los medicamentos solicitados en estas acciones. Metodología: investigación realizada desde el proyecto La judicialización de la política de salud pública en los municipios brasileños, realizada en el segundo semestre de 2017, en los municipios de Belém, Marituba y Benevides. Estudio descriptivo de un enfoque cuantitativo con demandas relacionadas con la salud, a través del análisis de 264 juicios, en el que los datos encontrados se organizaron en una hoja de cálculo realizada en el software Excel 2010. Resultados: 40 del total de casos analizados se refieren a totalizando 72 medicamentos diferentes, estos se dividieron en aquellos presentes en las Relaciones de medicamentos esenciales (46), ausentes de las listas de SUS (25) y aquellos que no están registrados para su uso (1). El Servicio de la Fiscalía y la Oficina del Defensor Público son los actores más buscados en la mediación de conflictos y sus resoluciones. Los demandantes utilizan el marco legal relacionado con la salud para justificar sus argumentos. Conclusión: la solicitud de medicamentos que no están en las listas del SUS muestra la falta de conocimiento de los profesionales que los recetan, ya que entre los medicamentos prescritos hay una opción equitativa en las relaciones de los medicamentos esenciales y eso no causará riesgo para el paciente. (AU).

Objetivo: apresentar o panorama municipal das solicitações dos processos judiciais referentes a medicamentos a partir das observações nos municípios da região metropolitana de Belém-PA; verificar quais os argumentos utilizados pelos autores, juízes e réus em observância da compatibilidade dos processos judiciais com a política pública de medicamentos; e classificar os medicamentos solicitados nessas ações. Metodologia: pesquisa realizada a partir do projeto A judicialização da política pública de saúde nos municípios brasileiros, realizada no segundo semestre de 2017, nos municípios de Belém, Marituba e Benevides. Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa com demandas relacionadas à saúde, por meio da análise de 264 processos de ações judiciais, em que os dados encontrados foram organizados em uma planilha feita no software Excel 2010. Resultados: do total de processos analisados, 40 são referentes a medicamentos, totalizando 72 fármacos diferentes, estes foram divididos em presentes nas Relações de medicamentos essenciais (46), ausentes nas listas do SUS (25) e os que não possuem registro para uso (1). O Ministério Público e Defensoria Pública são os atores mais procurados pela sociedade na mediação de conflitos e suas resoluções. Os autores das ações, fazem uso do arcabouço legal relacionado a saúde para justificar seus argumentos. Conclusão: a solicitação de medicamentos não presentes nas listas dos SUS mostra a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais prescritores, visto que, entre os medicamentos prescritos, existe uma opção igual nas relações de medicamentos essenciais e que não causará risco ao paciente. (AU).