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1.
Clin Rheumatol ; 36(3): 695-699, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27680539

RESUMO

The chikungunya virus (ChikV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne pathogen that causes disabling chronic arthritis. The relationship between clinical evolution and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with ChikV-induced arthritis has not been fully described. We performed a prospective case series to evaluate the association among joint involvement, self-reported disability, and inflammatory biomarkers. Patients with ChikV infection were followed for 1 year. Joint involvement and self-reported disability were evaluated with disease activity index 28 (DAS-28) and World Health Organization Disablement Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-II). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were used as biomarkers. Ten patients with mean age 48 ±15.04 years were included. Symptoms at diagnosis were fever, arthralgias, myalgias, rash, arthritis, nausea, vomiting, and back pain. Polyarticular involvement was present in seven cases. At diagnosis, measures were as follows: DAS-28, 5.08±1.11; WHODAS-II score, 72.3±10.3 %; CRP, 5.09±7.23 mg/dL; ESR, 33.5±17.5 mm/h; RF, 64±21.7 IU/mL; and IL-6, 17.6±10.3 pg/mL. Six patients developed subacute and chronic symptoms. During follow-up, DAS-28 index, WHODAS-II score, ESR, and IL-6 were statistically different in patients with subacute and chronic symptoms compared to those who resolved in the acute phase (p < 0.05). DAS-28 index, WHODAS-II score, and IL-6 were related to chronicity of articular symptoms and could be used as predictors of ChikV-induced arthritis.


Assuntos
Artrite/etiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Febre de Chikungunya/complicações , Inflamação/sangue , Fator Reumatoide/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite/sangue , Artrite/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Autorrelato , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
2.
Epidemiol Infect ; 122(3): 461-9, 1999 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10459651

RESUMO

A study was conducted to characterize the risk of Plasmodium vivax infection in the Lacandon forest, southern Mexico. Blood samples and questionnaire data were collected in 1992. Malaria cases (n = 137) were identified by the presence of symptoms and a positive thick blood smear. The control group included individuals with negative antibody titres and no history of malaria (n = 4994). From 7628 individuals studied, 1006 had anti-P. vivax antibodies. Seroprevalence increased with age. Risk factors associated with infection included: place of birth outside the village of residence (odds ratio, OR 11.67; 95% CI 5.21-26.11); no use of medical services (OR 4.69, 95% CI 3.01-7.29), never using bed-nets (OR 3.98, 95 % CI 1.23-12.86) and poor knowledge of malaria transmission, prevention and treatment (OR 2.30, 95 % CI 1.30-4.07). Health education represents the best recommendation for controlling the disease in the area.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Educação em Saúde , Malária Vivax/epidemiologia , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Animais , Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Malária Vivax/sangue , Malária Vivax/imunologia , Malária Vivax/prevenção & controle , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Plasmodium vivax/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Trop Med Int Health ; 4(2): 98-104, 1999 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10206263

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To compare the utility of an ELISA using 3 recombinant antigens with that of the skin biopsy to estimate incidence of infections in a sentinel cohort of individuals living in an endemic community in southern Mexico during a set of 11 subsequent ivermectin treatments. RESULTS: The apparent community prevalence of infection and microfilarial skin infection before and after 11 treatments with ivermectin plus nodulectomy were 78% and 13%, and 0.68 mf/mg and 0.04 mf/mg, respectively, as measured by skin biopsy. Of a group of 286 individuals participating in all surveys, a sentinel cohort of 42 mf and serologically negative individuals had been followed since 1994. The annual percentage of individuals becoming positive in this cohort was 24% (10/42), 28% (9/33), 0%, and 4.3% (1/23) in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Likewise, the incidence in children 5 years and under (n = 13) within this sentinel cohort was 15% (2/13), 18% (2/11), 0% and 11% (1/9), respectively. All individuals became positive to both tests simultaneously, indicating that seroconversion assessed infection incidence as accurately as skin biopsy in the sentinel group. CONCLUSION: Incidence monitoring of a sentinel cohort provides an estimation of the parasite transmission in the community; it is less costly than massive sampling, and a finger prick blood test might be more acceptable in some communities.


Assuntos
Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Filaricidas/uso terapêutico , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Onchocerca volvulus/isolamento & purificação , Oncocercose/tratamento farmacológico , Oncocercose/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Antiparasitários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Doenças Endêmicas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , México/epidemiologia , Microfilárias/efeitos dos fármacos , Microfilárias/isolamento & purificação , Onchocerca volvulus/efeitos dos fármacos , Onchocerca volvulus/imunologia , Oncocercose/epidemiologia , Oncocercose/parasitologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Pele/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão
4.
Parasitology ; 119 ( Pt 6): 613-9, 1999 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10633923

RESUMO

Detection of Onchocerca volvulus larvae in vector populations is of prime importance in the assessment of the effectiveness of onchocerciasis control programmes. Traditionally, detection of larvae is attained by the dissection of flies, but this time-consuming method cannot easily discriminate between species of Onchocerca. The genome of all Onchocerca species has a unique 150 bp repeat, which can be amplified by PCR, and O. volvulus-specific DNA probes can detect these products by Southern blot (SB). This study optimizes a PCR/SB assay, and compares it with fly dissection to estimate the prevalence (p) and intensity of infection (m) in the local vector population of a Mexican community that has become hypoendemic as a result of 7 years of treatment with ivermectin and nodulectomy. The PCR detected 1 infected fly in a pool of 99 uninfected flies, but the optimal pool size was 50 flies. At the community level, 1 out of 10,550 flies was positive (p = 0.0095%, 95% confidence intervals CI = 0.00024-0.05280%; m = 0.00027 larvae/parous fly, CI = -0.00026-0.00081) by PCR, and 4 out of 10,772 flies (p = 0.0371%, CI = 0.01012-0.09505%; m = 0.00107 larvae/parous fly, 95% CI = 0.00002-0.00212) by dissection (observed m = 0.0005). Both methods produce statistically similar estimates of the prevalence and intensity, indicating that pool screening is a viable alternative for entomological surveillance in areas where the intensity of transmission is becoming extremely low as a result of control interventions.


Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Onchocerca volvulus/isolamento & purificação , Oncocercose/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Simuliidae/parasitologia , Animais , Southern Blotting , DNA de Helmintos/análise , Dissecação , Feminino , Filaricidas/uso terapêutico , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , México/epidemiologia , Onchocerca volvulus/genética , Oncocercose/parasitologia , Oncocercose/transmissão , Prevalência , Simuliidae/fisiologia
6.
Salud Publica Mex ; 35(1): 27-38, 1993.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8470018

RESUMO

A comparative regional-scale evaluation of the epidemiological impact of low volume (LV) spray of bendiocarb and the conventional spray of DDT against malaria in an endemic area of northern Chiapas was carried out. Three Anopheline species were found: Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, An. albinanus and An. argyritarsis. The most prevalent was An. pseudopunctipennis, a species we suspect may be involved in the transmission of most malaria cases. This species showed high levels of resistance to DDT. However, this insecticide had a long residual effect in wall bioassays, with mortalities > or = 95 per cent for up to 21 weeks in wood, sticks and plaster. Susceptibility to bendiocarb was total, and mortality to LV bendiocarb was > or = 75 per cent for up to 16 weeks in wood, sticks and straw. Very low numbers of mosquitoes were found throughout the evaluation, although malaria transmission continued in control villages (sprayed with DDT), as well as treated villages (sprayed with LV bendiocarb). No plasmodium infected mosquitoes were found, perhaps due to a very small sample size. The LV spray methodology was found to be 1.7 times more effective than conventional spraying in reducing malaria incidence. A net reduction of 1.6 times in insecticide application time was also found, which would allow spraying at the right time, especially when urgent control measures have to be applied, such as in malaria outbreaks. Finally, the new methodology costs 2.2 times more than the conventional ddt spraying, but if the potential of using spray workers in other activities is considered, costs would be comparable to those of DDT spraying.


Assuntos
Anopheles , Carbamatos , Inseticidas , Malária Vivax/prevenção & controle , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Fenilcarbamatos , Aerossóis , Animais , Anopheles/microbiologia , DDT , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Habitação , Humanos , Incidência , Malária Vivax/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Controle de Mosquitos/economia
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