Molecular regulatory network of PD-1/PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer remains the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite effective chemotherapy and molecular-based therapies, the median and overall survival remains poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by inhibiting negative T cell regulators, including programmed death 1 (PD-1, CD279) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as B-H1, CD274) inhibitors. Nonetheless, most patients do not respond to these inhibitors. Recently, PD-L1 expression has been demonstrated to influence the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the mechanisms of PD-L1 regulation are not clearly understood. This review thus aims to summarize the current knowledge and recent developments in the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression levels and attempts to clarify its latent function in anti-tumor activity, with the goal of guiding better designs for future NSCLC immunotherapies.

A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Lobaplatin and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of Lobaplatin and Cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.@*METHODS@#The databases of Medline (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wanfang, CNKI and VIP were retrieved so as to search the studies about the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) that compared the Lobaplatin and Cisplatin for malignant pleural effusion. The main outcome indicators include objective response rate, complete response, partial response, nephrotoxicity, chest pain, gastrointestinal reaction, myelosuppression, fever response and hepatotoxicity. Relative risk was used as the effect size, which was expressed as 95% confidence interval. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 statistical software.@*RESULTS@#A total of 12 RCTs and 720 MPE patients were included. The results showed that the ORR (RR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.15-1.40, P<0.001), CR (RR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.09-1.78, P=0.007), PR (RR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.02-1.42, P=0.026) in LBP thoracic perfusion chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in DDP thoracic perfusion chemotherapy. The incidence of nephrotoxicity (RR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.13-0.71, P=0.005) and gastrointestinal reactions (RR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.31-0.62, P<0.001) in the LBP group were significantly lower than those in DDP group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with DDP pleural perfusion chemotherapy, the ORR, CR and PR of LBP pleural perfusion chemotherapy for MPE are significantly better than DDP, and its nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal reactions are remarkably lower than DDP.