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Objective:To analyze the three-dimensional radiographic characteristics of calcifying odon-togenic cyst and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor using spiral computed tomography(CT)and cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods:Clinical records,histopathological reports,and CBCT or non-enhanced spiral CT images of 19 consecutive patients with calcifying odontogenic cyst(COC)and 16 consecutive patients with calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor(CEOT)were retrospec-tively acquired,and radiographic features,including location,size,expansion,internal structure and calcification,were analyzed.Results:Among the 19 COC cases(12 males and 7 females,with an average age of 27 years),89.5％(17/19)of the lesions originated from the anterior and premolar areas,100.0％of them exhibited cortex expansion,and 78.9％had discontinued cortex.Among the 16 CEOT cases(3 males and 13 females,with an average age of 36 years),81.3％(13/16)of the lesions were in the premolar and molar areas,56.3％of them exhibited cortex expansion,and 96.8％had discontinued cortex.According to the distribution of internal calcifications,these lesions were divided in-to:Ⅰ(non-calcification type):absence of calcification;Ⅱ(eccentric marginal type):multiple calcifi-cations scattered along one side of the lesion;Ⅲ(diffused type):numerous calcifications diffusely dis-tributed into the lesion;Ⅳ(plaque type):with a ≥ 5 mm calcified patch;V(peri-coronal type):multiple calcifications clustered around impacted teeth.Calcifications were present in 73.7％of COC le-sions,including 9 type Ⅱ,3 type Ⅲ and 2 type Ⅳ lesions,and 42.8％of CEOT lesions had calcifica-tion images,including 2 type Ⅲ and 5 type V lesions.Six COC lesions had odontoma-like images.Moreover,8 of 9 type Ⅰ CEOTs were histologically Langerhans cell-rich subtype,which had a smaller size(with an average mesiodistal diameter of 17.8 mm)and were not associated with impacted teeth.Conclusion:COC lesions tended to originate from the anterior part of the jaw and exhibit cortex expan-sion,and were sometimes associated with odontoma.CEOT commonly occurred in the posterior jaw and had discontinued cortex.Two lesions had significantly different calcification map.Over 70％of COC le-sions had calcification images,which were mostly scattered along one side of the cysts,far from the im-pacted teeth.Approximately 60％of CEOT lesions exhibited smaller size and non-calcification,and the remaining CEOT cases often had calcification images clustered around the impacted teeth.
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OBJECTIVETo formally compare the clinical course of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women with their nonpregnant counterparts. METHODSClinical data of pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 in the designated hospitals of mainland China were retrieved up to April 12, 2020 through an epidemic reporting system maintained at the National Health Commission of the Peoples Republic China. Each pregnant patient was randomly matched to a nonpregnant woman with confirmed COVID-19 in the same hospital as control, then their clinical courses were formally compared. RESULTS138 pregnant women had been identified as confirmed COVID-19 cases. Among them, 17 severe cases and 1 maternal death were recorded, which was less than their nonpregnant peers (23 severe cases and 3 death). 57.2% had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the third trimester, including 13 severe cases and 1 maternal death. 7.3% of pregnant patients had diarrhea and 3.6% had nausea or vomiting, compared with related proportion as 15.2% (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.96) and 10.1% (OR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.89) in nonpregnant patients. Pregnant patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in early pregnancy presented similar laboratory tests with their nonpregnant peers, however, with pregnancy progresses, increased inflammation, coagulation and hepatic injury markers happened more and more frequently (p<0.001) in pregnant patients. CONCLUSIONSBeing pregnant did not represent a risk for severe condition when compared with their nonpregnant peers. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in early pregnancy were even at lower risk of severe illness than those infected in late pregnancy. What are the novel findings of this work?Compared with non-pregnant COVID-19 patients, pregnant patients tend to present less symptom, had unique laboratory findings, and tend to at lower risk of COVID-19-related death. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the early pregnancy tend to be in the less severe condition of illness than those infected in late pregnancy. What are the clinical implications of this work?Vital comparisons of the clinical course upon COVID-19 between pregnant and nonpregnant women in childbearing age are, unfortunately, lacking. Through formally comparisons between the two groups, the present study provides more reliable evidence towards the management of pregnant women with COVID-19.