Modifying Thermostability and Reusability of Hyperthermophilic Mannanase by Immobilization on Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads.

In the current study, the purified ß-mannanase (Man/Cel5B) from Thermotoga maritima was immobilized on glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan beads. The immobilization of Man/Cel5B on chitosan beads was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After immobilization, the protein loading efficiency and immobilization yield were found to be 73.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The optimum pH for both free and immobilized enzymes was found to be pH 5.5. However, the optimum temperature of immobilized Man/Cel5B increased by 10 °C, from 85 °C (free Man/Cel5B) to 95 °C (Immobilized). The half-life of free and immobilized enzymes was found to be 7 h and 9 h, respectively, at 85 °C owing to the higher thermostability of immobilized Man/Cel5B. The increase in thermostability was also demonstrated by an increase in the energy of deactivation (209 kJmol-1) for immobilized enzyme compared to its native form (92 kJmol-1), at 85 °C. Furthermore, the immobilized Man/Cel5B displayed good operational stability as it retained 54% of its original activity after 15 repeated catalytic reactions concerning its free form.

Novel Drug Delivery System for Curcumin: Implementation to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy against Neurological Disorders.

BACKGROUND: Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenolic compound present in Curcuma longa Linn. (Turmeric), has been used to improve various neurodegenerative conditions, including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Prion disease, stroke, anxiety, depression, and ageing. However, the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) impedes the delivery of curcumin to the brain, limiting its therapeutic potential. OBJECTIVE/AIM: This review summarises the recent advances towards the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin along with various novel strategies to overcome its poor bioavailability across the bloodbrain barrier. METHODS: The data for the compilation of this review work were searched in PubMed Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. RESULTS: Various approaches have been opted to expedite the delivery of curcumin across the blood-brain barrier, including liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, exosomes, dualtargeting nanoparticles, etc. Conclusion: The review also summarises the numerous toxicological studies and the role of curcumin in CNS disorders.