RESUMO
During the Last Glacial Maximum in the Northern Hemisphere, expanding ice sheets forced a large number of plants, including trees, to retreat from their primary distribution areas. Many host-associated herbivores migrated along with their host plants. Long-lasting geographic isolation between glacial refugia could have been led to the allopatric speciation in separated populations. Here, we have studied whether the migration history of the Norway spruce Picea abies in Quaternary has affected its host-associated herbivorous beetle-Monochamus sartor. By using microsatellite markers accompanied by the geometric morphometrics analysis of wing venation, we have revealed the clear geographic structure of M. sartor in Eurasia, encompassing two main clusters: southern (Alpine-Carpathian) and eastern (including northeastern Europe and Asia), which reflects the northern and southern ecotypes of its host. The two beetles' lineages probably diverged during the Pleniglacial (57,000-15,000 BC) when their host tree species was undergoing significant range fragmentation and experienced secondary contact during post-glacial recolonization of spruce in the Holocene. A secondary contact of divergent lineages of M. sartor has resulted in the formation of the hybrid zone in northeastern Europe. Our findings suggest that the climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene have driven an insect-plant co-evolutionary process, and have contributed to the formation of the unique biodiversity of Europe.
Assuntos
Coevolução Biológica/genética , Besouros/genética , Picea/genética , Migração Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Herbivoria/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Picea/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
The subspecific structure of Dorcadion pusillum Küster is revised and its distribution summarized based on published records and specimens from different collections. The taxonomic status of D. pusillum berladense Pic is reconsidered, the availability of the name "berladense" discussed in accordance with Article 45.6 of the ICZN, and a lectotype here designated. Two new subspecies are described from the Curvature Subcarpathians and the Romanian Plane: D. pusillum vasiliscus ssp. nov. and D. pusillum ochrolineatum ssp. nov., respectively.
