[Hygienic evaluation of health risk for female workers of stock-raising enterprise].

The article presents results of study concerning work conditions of female workers engaged into stock-raising enterprises of Tatarstan Republic. Findings are that major occupational hazards in the female workers are unfavorable microclimate, chemical hazards contaminating ambient air of workplace and high noise level.

[Childhood allergic morbidity in a town with developed petrochemical industry].

The degree of ambient pollution was studied in a town with developed petrochemical industry and allergic morbidity in its pediatric population. The specific features of the pattern and course of allergic diseases were revealed in children in relation to the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of ambient pollution. The findings permit elaboration of practical measures aimed at lowering the influence of environmental factors and to improve the health status in children.

[Female reproductive health in the urban areas of varying anthropogenic load].

In the town of Dimitrovgrad, the total ambient pollution was 14.0-16.2 and 1.5-1.8 in the west (polluted) and central (pure) districts, respectively. The major pollutants were nitric dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, phenol, and formaldehyde. In the women living in the west district, the major reproductive functional abnormalities were bacterial vaginosis, neurometabolic-endocrine syndrome, and chronic small pelvic inflammatory diseases. The findings are indicative of a significant impairment in the physiological relationship between the values of hormones and immunity in patients with the neurometabolic-endocrine syndrome from the polluted district versus those with the same syndrome from the pure district and versus healthy women.

[Allergic morbidity in children of female workers at a Tyre factory].

Working conditions and morbidity in tyre female workers and allergic morbidity in their children were studied. The incidence of allergic diseases in the children of tyre female workers constantly subject to poor working conditions was ascertained to be higher than in those of workers unengaged in noxious industry. The higher incidence of allergic diseases in the study group children may be regarded as a result of the mediated effect of deleterious maternal industrial factors on a baby's health, mainly by developing atopic diseases. This is due to the early manifestation and more severe course of allergic diseases.

[Impact of working conditions at a general mechanical rubber goods plant on dental morbidity in its workers].

The impact of working conditions on dental morbidity was studied in workers from the Kazan general mechanical rubber goods (GMRG) plant. Analysis of the results of studying the prevalence of major dental diseases in the workers of the GMRG plant showed that the number of patients with caries, noncarious lesions, as well as periodontal diseases is far in excess of those in the control group. The studies, conducted in terms of the age and length of service of the examinees, corroborate the influence of adverse industrial factors on the prevalence of major dental diseases.

[Study of allergic morbidity in children of female workers from various fields of national economy].

To study the factors contributing to the development of allergic disease in children has recently become of current importance. To determine the indirect influence of maternal working environmental factors on allergic morbidity in children, the authors have examined the working conditions and morbidity of female workers engaged in that or that field of national economy and the health status and allergic diseases in children. The variance analysis was made. The proposed guidelines allow one to study the indirect influence of working environmental factors on allergic morbidity in children.

[Risk factors and incidence of dental diseases in children in a large industrial town].

A relationship has been studied between somatic diseases, functional changes, and dental mortality in children living in urban areas having different levels of ambient air pollution. Visceral diseases have been ascertained to contribute to the development or deteriorate the course of various pathological tooth and jaw processes. Systemic diseases change the conditions of formation and maturation of dentins, which makes them less resistant. The relationship between the changes in the somatic and dental statuses of children is more pronounced when the ecological situation is poor.

[Allergic diseases and immunological resistance in children from a petroleum area].

The incidence of allergic diseases was studied in the children living in an oil-extracting region of the Republic of Udmurtia. A hygienic assessment of the level of environmental pollution was made in the study areas. The increased atmospheric contamination was ascertained to cause an increase in the incidence of allergic diseases in children. There was a correlation between the concentration of noxious substances as part of the ambient air and the prevalence of allergic diseases in children. The studies suggest that the children living in the oil-extracting area have worse parameters of nonspecific resistance than do the control children. The findings serve as the basis for developing measure to lower environmental pollution and to reduce the incidence of allergic diseases in children.

[Impact of environmental air pollution on dental morbidity in children]. / Vliianie zagriazneniia atmosfernogo vozdukha na stomatologicheskuiu zabolevaemost' u detei.

Ambient air pollution was studied for its impact on the prevalence and severity of major dental diseases and on the biological age of pre-school children in ecologically tense and relatively pure regions. The lowest prevalence and severity of caries were registered in a nursery located in a control region. The mean number of permanent teeth was also more in children of the control group. Estimation of the biological age by the dental formula revealed that there were a significantly larger number of accelerated children among those living in the control region.

[The impact of environmental air pollution and incidence of acute respiratory viral infections]. / Vliianie zagriaznennogo atmosfernogo vodukha i zabolevaemost' detei ostrymi respiratornymi virusnymi infektsiiami.

The paper characterizes diffuse ambient air pollution (P index) in accordance with the data of Kazan stationary stations in 1996-2000. The incidence of childhood respiratory diseases is studied for the same period. A correlation between morbidity and ambient air pollution is analyzed. There is a direct significance correlation between Kazan's ambient air pollution and morbidity rates in children aged 0-14 years, which is as follows rxy +/- m = 0.626 +/- 0.104. The regression coefficient has been established, which is Ry/x = 0.183 when the atmospheric contamination is changed by one unit.

[Evaluation of ambient air pollution on children's morbidity with acute respiratory infections of the upper airway]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka vliianiia zagriaznenii atmosfernogo vozdukha na zabolevaemost' detei ostrymi respiratornymi infektsiiami verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

A relationship of ambient air pollution in the towns of Almetyevsk and Kazan to acute respiratory infection of the upper airways (ARIUA) in children was examined. Higher atmospheric pollution was found to cause an increase in the incidence of ARIUA. The correlation ratios for all the nosological entities studied ranged from 0.71 to 0.92, their mean errors were 0.01-0.29. There was a significant combined effect of sulfur dioxide and carbon oxide (9.9%, p < 0.01), that of sulfur dioxide and dust (8.1%, p < 0.001). The findings serve as the basis for elaboration of measures to reduce environmental pollution.

[Health status of preschool-children in areas with different man-made loads]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta na territoriiakh s razlichnym urovnem antropogennoi nagruzki.

A questionnaire survey was made to study the opinion of residents in the area of the Yamashev-Dekabristy main road, the joint stock company Tasma-Holding, the commercial joint stock Orgsintez on their health status and on the source of ambient air pollution and the opinion of those living in Gorki-I, an ecologically pure area. The respondents were asked to answer the questions on the unfavourable impact of environmental factors on human health (respondents' painful sensations). The questions also concerned such factors as noise, odour, dust in relation to the place of residence near the main road or an industrial enterprise. The results of the questionnaire survey suggest that environmental pollution exerts an adverse effect on human health particularly in the areas where industrial enterprises and large main roads are located. The findings serve as the basis for introduction of ecological tension-reducing measures.

[Ambient air pollution and human health in the town of Nizhnekamsk]. / Zagriaznenie atmosfernogo vozdukha i zdorov'e naseleniia g. Nizhnekamska.

The paper gives hygienic characteristics of ambient air pollution and examines human health in the town of Nizhnekamsk. There are worse demographic indices. In the structure of morbidity, respiratory diseases make up the largest proportion (44.4%), injuries and poisoning rank next (16.9%), skin and skin fate occupy the third place (5.4%). There are the highest morbidity rates in the polluted areas of the town. In these areas, respiratory allergoses (preasthma and bronchial asthma) occur more frequently than in the controls.

[Incidence of pyelonephritis on territories with different levels of anthropogenic loading]. / Rol' tiazhelykh metallov v vozniknovenii reproduktivnykh narushenii.

Relationship between atmospheric pollution with harmful substances and incidence of pyelonephritis was studied for the populations living in ecologically unfavorable and clean regions of an industrial city. Disease intensity and incidence were significantly higher in polluted regions, the probability of error being no more than p < 0.05-p < 0.001. The correlation between atmospheric nitrogen dioxide concentration and pyelonephritis incidence was the strongest for all years analyzed. Correlation coefficients tend to increase: during the analyzed period they increased from Rxy = 0.42 +/- 0.4 (p < 0.01) to Rxy = 0.64 +/- 0.15 (p < 0.01).

[Effects of working conditions in the production of synthetic rubber on workers' health]. / Vliianie uslovii truda v proizvodstve sinteticheskogo kauchuka na zdorov'e rabochikh.

Examination of 325 Kazan workers engaged in the production of synthetic rubber revealed a high (35.6%) prevalence of thyroid pathology. Patients with thyroid disease and apparently healthy workers manufacturing synthetic rubber were found to have lower levels of T3, T4, and zinc and higher levels of thyroglobulin antibodies and chromium in the serum than in apparently healthy individuals not contacting with noxious agents. The magnitude of increases in the workers' serum concentration of chromium was related to the length of service. The changes were more pronounced in patients with thyroid disease. Correlation analysis revealed that there were direct relationships between the serum levels of T3, T4, and zinc in all groups. There was an inverse correlation between the levels of T4 and the length of service in noxious production in the workers with thyroid disease.

[Influence of environmental factors on physical development of preschool children]. / Vliianie faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy na fizicheskoe razvitie detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta.

A relationship between the ambient air pollution with noxious agents and the physical development of pre-school children residing in polluted and relatively "pure" areas was examined. The harmony of the morphofunctional status was found to be significantly lower in the polluted areas than in the "pure" ones, showing an error probability of no greater than p < 0.05 to p < 0.001.

[The diagnosis and surgical treatment of intestinal amebiasis]. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskoe lechenie kishechnogo amebiaza.

Ninety-one patients with intestinal amebiasis (IA) were studied. All had been long suffering from IA due to the fact that it had not been diagnosed in time. Indications for emergency surgery were profuse hemorrhage, perforation of amebic ulcers, gangrene, and toxic dilatation of the large intestine. Planned operations were made in pseudopolyposis, strictures of the large intestine. Surgical treatment was performed along with specific therapy. Seven patients died due to late diagnosis, ineffective therapy and profound systemic and regional changes caused by these factors. It is necessary to differentiate ulcerative colitis, polyposis, and tumors of the large intestine with IA.