Effect of enamel surface coating on staining capability due to iron containing supplements on primary teeth: An in vitro study.

Background: Iron supplements prescribed to anemic children may results in teeth staining. Possible methods for preventing staining of primary teeth following exposure to iron supplements are need of an hour. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim to assess effect of enamel surface coating on staining capability of iron containing supplements in primary teeth. Settings and Design: This is an in vitro Experimental study. Methods: Hundred and forty-four primary incisors with intact crowns were sequentially numbered and randomly divided into four main groups of 36 samples receiving different enamel surface coating such as no surface coating, MI fluoride varnish™, GC G-coat Plus™ and GC-Equia®-forte-coat. Each group was subdivided into two groups, namely A (sound teeth) and B (artificially demineralized teeth). All the samples were immersed in 250 ml artificial saliva containing 10 ml of iron supplement to make the iron concentration 100 mg. The shade of the teeth was measured at baseline and at 90 days, using VITA Easy shade® V digital spectrophotometer. The data was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses was made via SPSS 23. Results: Overall color change was found to be significantly less at the end of 90th day in sound samples when GC-Equia®-forte-coat was used as an enamel surface coating with pvalue of 0.017. In demineralized samples the overall color change was least at the end of 90th day when MI Varnish™ used as an enamel surface coating with P = 0.042. Conclusions: GC-Equia®-forte-coat, MI Varnish™ and GC-G-coat-plus™ can be used as a preventive or a precautionary measure to minimizes the staining of teeth. The amount of color change at the end of 90 days with GC-Equia®-forte-coat was least followed by MI varnish™, GC G coat Plus™ and control group.

Comparative evaluation of effect of two relaxation breathing exercises on anxiety during buccal infiltration anesthesia in children aged 6-12 years: A randomized clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Dental procedures, especially local anesthetic administration, are a source of great anxiety to children. Diaphragmatic breathing is defined as an efficient integrative body-mind training for dealing with stress and psychosomatic conditions. Pinwheel exercise is also a highly effective technique of "play therapy." AIM: This study aimed to compare dental anxiety using pinwheel breathing exercise and diaphragmatic breathing exercise during buccal infiltration anesthesia. METHODOLOGY: Sixty children in the age group of 6-12 years with Frankel's behavior rating score of 3 who required buccal infiltration local anesthesia were selected. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups, i.e., Group A: children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise and Group B: children who performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise. The level of anxiety of the patients was recorded using an animated emoji scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 software with paired t-test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in dental anxiety score from score 1 (before the anesthetic procedure) to score 2 (after the anesthetic procedure) in both the groups. On intergroup analysis, children who performed pinwheel breathing exercise (Group A) showed higher values than children who performed deep breathing exercise without pinwheel (Group B) with a t value of 1.42 but was not statistically significant with a P value of 0.161. CONCLUSION: Pinwheel breathing exercise as well as diaphragmatic breathing exercise proved to be significantly effective in reducing dental anxiety during local anesthesia.

Association of preterm low-birth-weight infants and maternal periodontitis during pregnancy: An interventional study.

CONTEXT: The impact of periodontal disease during pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes is seen in the literature. When it comes to the link of disease related to periodontium to that of adverse pregnancy outcomes, a need can arise if a significant cause-effect relationship does exist or not between them. AIM: The study was aimed to determine the association of periodontal health status in pregnant women with the occurrence of preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants in Vadodara, Gujarat. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An interventional study with 100 patients was conducted, of which 67 participants were included in the control group and 33 participants were included in the intervention group. A total of 12 participants dropped out from the study and 88 were analyzed for the outcome. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The Community periodontal Index of Treatment needs index was taken for all enrolled participants and then were divided into interventional group and control group. Participants in the interventional group underwent scaling and root planning. Data related to the time of delivery and weight of the baby was taken from the hospital records. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A comparison of baseline characteristics was made using unpaired t-test. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of intergroup comparison. The odds ratio and the relative risk calculation were also done. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS: The odds ratio for both preterm and LBW were 3.86 times and 2.96, respectively. The Chi-square statistical test analysis was statistically significant for both preterm and LBW infants on the intergroup comparison. CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease can be considered as one of the risk factors for preterm LBW babies as not only the presence of disease condition causes an increase in inflammatory mediator but also the elimination of the disease condition reduces the adverse pregnancy outcomes.