Minimally invasive approach in symptomatic aberrant right subclavian artery treatment.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Anomalous right subclavian artery (ARSA) represents an uncommon anatomical deviation concerning the genesis of the right subclavian artery. As the predominant embryological irregularity of the aortic arch, it is clinically recognized as arteria lusoria (AL). CASE PRESENTATION: This study, describe the instance of a 22-year-old female exhibiting a non-aneurysmal, symptomatic anomalous right subclavian artery (ARSA) coursing posteriorly to the esophagus, as evidenced by thoracic computed tomography (CT) imaging. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: As an attractive option, a minimally invasive surgical method was used to treat the patient, and the anomalous vessel was closed from the closest location to its origin in the aortic arch during a short time thoracoscopic surgery. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION: Compared to the common surgical methods to treat this anomaly, the complications and morbidity resulting from this method are much less and the length of stay in the hospital is shorter and the results are acceptable.

The Evalutation of the Effect of 12 Weeks of Water Aerobic Exercise and Atrovastatin Drug on Apolipoproteins A1 Changes, ANP, BNP and CRP in Older Men with Cardiovascular Disesaes.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of of 12 weeks of water aerobic exercise and atrovastain drug on apolipoproteins changes A1, ANP, BNP and CRP in older men with cardiovascular disesaes. Methods: In this study, we chose 40 patients with cardiovascular disease that were divideded in to four groups. Experimental groups selected exercise 3 times per weeks during 3 months with the method ofwalking on the water and carnal swimming. Results: The results were expressed as the mean ± sd, and all statistical comparisons were made by means of a one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey'sPost-Hoc analysis. Conclusion: The effect of exercise and intervention taking Atorvastatin increased Apolipoproteins A1changes, but reducedANP, BNP, and CRP, followed by the reduction of disease cardiovascular and improve cardiovascular function.

Effects of Interval Training Intensity and Curcumin on expression of Endothelial Progenitor Cells mRNA and C Reactive Protein in Elderly Rats Heart.

Introduction: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a role in preventing endothelial dysfunction and increasing the angiogenesis process. Regular training increases these cells. Turmeric Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. Animal, Materials and Methods: 49 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (C), Saline (S), curcumin (cur), moderate interval training (MIT), high interval training (HIT), MIT+curAndHIT+cur. The training groups trained 8 weeks,3 sessions per week and 40 minutes each session at 28 and 34 m / min. 48 hours after the last training, The gene expression of the CD34 and KDR was measured by Real-time PCR and CRP usesthe ELISA method. Findings: CD34 and KDR mRNA in cur, MIT and HIT groups showed a significant increase compared to C and Sgroups.The highest levels of CD34 and KDR mRNA were observed in HIT+curgroup. While the increase of CD3 mRNA in HIT group was greater than the cur and MIT groups(P = 0.0001). KDR showed a significant increase in MIT and HIT groups compared to C, S, cur and MIT+cur groups. Serum CRP means significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to C and S groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The rate of increase in EPCs mRNA in response to aerobic training is dependent on training intensity. HIT training is likely to be more effective in the repair and development of coronary arteries. These findings can be useful for cell therapy and improve cardiovascular regeneration after injury and myocardial disor-der, especially in elderly conditions.

Endocrine Disorders in Pediatric and Adolescent Liver-transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: Particular requirements of pediatric and adolescent liver-transplant (LT) recipients necessitate the evaluation of such population from the endocrine viewpoint. OBJECTIVE: To determine the endocrine disorders among LT recipients. METHODS: 129 LT recipients younger than 18 years, and at least 6 months post-LT with no pervious history of endocrine disorders were included in the study. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. RESULTS: 36% of cases had evidence of impaired fasting glucose; the problem, however, was dramatically resolved (decreased to 2.3%) by using of prediabetic diet. Identifying only 1 case of primary hypothyroidism indicated that thyroid dysfunction seems not to be a prevalent finding in the patients. 3 cases of rickets and no case of parathyroid dysfunction were identified. 11% of the study population were hypocalcemic (2 had rickets as well). Pubertal condition in 3 patients and delayed puberty before LT in 6 remained the same; further evaluation revealed they had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. CONCLUSION: Regular monitoring for development of diabetes and hypocalcemia is indicated. Evaluation of those with delayed puberty for receiving sexual hormones is also recommended.

Network and Nakamura tridiagonal computational simulation of electrically-conducting biopolymer micro-morphic transport phenomena.

Magnetic fields have been shown to achieve excellent fabrication control and manipulation of conductive bio-polymer characteristics. To simulate magnetohydrodynamic effects on non-Newtonian electro-conductive bio-polymers (ECBPs) we present herein a theoretical and numerical simulation of free convection magneto-micropolar biopolymer flow over a horizontal circular cylinder (an "enrobing" problem). Eringen's robust micropolar model (a special case of the more general micro-morphic or "microfluid" model) is implemented. The transformed partial differential conservation equations are solved numerically with a powerful and new code based on NSM (Network Simulation Method) i.e. PSPICE. An extensive range of Hartmann numbers, Grashof numbers, micropolar parameters and Prandtl numbers are considered. Excellent validation is also achieved with earlier non-magnetic studies. Furthermore the present PSPICE code is also benchmarked with an implicit tridiagonal solver based on Nakamura's method (BIONAK) again achieving close correlation. The study highlights the excellent potential of both numerical methods described in simulating nonlinear biopolymer micro-structural flows.

Finite element analysis on longitudinal and radial functionally graded femoral prosthesis.

This study focused on developing a 3D finite element model of functionally graded femoral prostheses to decrease stress shielding and to improve total hip replacement performance. The mechanical properties of the modeled functionally graded femoral prostheses were adjusted in the sagittal and transverse planes by changing the volume fraction gradient exponent. Prostheses with material changes in the sagittal and transverse planes were considered longitudinal and radial prostheses, respectively. The effects of cemented and noncemented implantation methods were also considered in this study. Strain energy and von Mises stresses were determined at the femoral proximal metaphysis and interfaces of the implanted femur components, respectively. Results demonstrated that the strain energy increased proportionally with increasing volume fraction gradient exponent, whereas the interface stresses decreased on the prostheses surfaces. A limited increase was also observed at the surfaces of the bone and cement. The periprosthetic femur with a noncemented prosthesis exhibited higher strain energy than with a cemented prosthesis. Radial prostheses implantation displayed more strain energy than longitudinal prostheses implantation in the femoral proximal part. Functionally graded materials also increased strain energy and exhibited promising potentials as substitutes of conventional materials to decrease stress shielding and to enhance total hip replacement lifespan.

Histopathological changes induced by paraquat on some tissues of gourami fish (Trichogaster trichopterus).

Paraquat is a contact and non-selective herbicide which is used for controlling a wide range of terrestrial weeds and aquatic plants. A long-term contact with this xenobiotic can potentially lead to injuries in fishes as live non-target organisms. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of sub-lethal toxicity of paraquat on the pathology of gill, liver, and spleen tissues in gourami fish (Trichogaster trichopterus). In this study, sub-lethal concentration is determined based on lethal concentration (LC50 : 7.16±0.69, 4.46±0.43, 2.19±0.27 and 1.41±0.17 mg/l of paraquat within 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively). The experiment was done with four varied concentrations of paraquat (0.0, 0.07, 0.15, and 0.3 mg/l equal 0.0%, 5%, 10% and 20% of nominal value of 96 h LC50) during 3 weeks. The exposed fish displayed erratic swimming and became lethargic. The changes in gills were characterized by hypertrophy, epithelial, epithelium increase of gill filament, edema and secondary gill lamella. The liver showed hypotrophy of liver cells, cloudy swelling and formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in the liver tissue of fish treated with 0.15 and 0.3 mg/l concentrations of paraquat. Disorder in the ellipsoid cell and hemosiderin accumulation in melano-macrophage centers was observed in the spleen tissue of fish exposed to 0.15 and 0.3 mg/l of paraquat.

Anatomical variations of neurovascular structures adjacent sphenoid sinus by using CT scan.

The aim of this research was to study of the relationship between anatomical variations of neurovascular structures adjacent sphenoid sinus with sex and position of appearance by using CT scan. In this retrospective study paranasal sinuses CT scan has been taken from 399 patients (210 male, 189 female) that referred to Imam Khomeini and Apadana Hospitals, Ahwaz, Iran. Furthermore, protrusion and dehiscence of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA), Maxillary Nerve (MN), Vidian Nerve (VN) and Optic Nerve (ON) into the sphenoid sinuses cavity have been investigated by using CT scan results. In 210 male patients the protrusion of interested variables were noticed as: ICA in 102 (48.5%) cases, ON in 80 (38%) cases, MN in 74 (35.5%) cases, and VN in 60 (28.5%) cases, respectively. Also in 189 female patients group the protrusion of ICA, ON, MN, VN were noticed in 65 (34.3%), 66 (34.9%), 62 (32.8%) and 43 (22.7%) cases, respectively. The statistical analysis show significant difference (p = 0.001) of protrusion of ICA between male and female groups. In 210 male patients the dehiscence of ICA, ON, MN, VN were noticed in 82 (39%), 60 (28.5%), 60 (28.5%) and 66 (31.4%) cases, respectively. Also in 189 female patients the dehiscence of interested variables were noticed as: ICA in 85 (44.9%), ON in 87 (46%), MN in 69 (36.5%), VN in 71 (37.5%) cases, respectively. The statistical analysis show significant difference (p = 0.03) of dehiscence of on variable in male and female groups. In order to increase the risk of intra-operative complications detailed preoperative investigation of neurovascular structures in sphenoid sinuses by use of CT scan images should be done properly.