[Histology of fetal lungs at different gestational age]. / Gistologiya legkikh ploda na raznykh srokakh beremennosti.

The lecture is devoted to the morphological characteristics of the maturation of lung tissue structures in the fetal period. Fetal histology of the lungs presents the intrauterine development of lung tissue in four successive stages: pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular and alveolar, each has specific morphological criteria. The following morphological features are predetermined: the development of alveolar epithelium, the ratio of mesenchyme towards the area in alveolar spaces, the degree of proliferation and location of vessels of the microcirculatory bed towards prealveolar partitions. During the fetal period the alveolar columnar epithelium is flattened and differentiates into alveolocytes type I and II, the area of the mesenchyme gradually decreases and by the birth of a full-term newborn kid it is present mainly in the thickness between the alveolar septa, microcirculation vessels, initially laying deep in the thickness of the mesenchymal tissue, gradually proliferate, approach the pre-alveolar epithelium, channeling it with the formation of alveolar capillary membranes. Air exchange in the lung tissue is mainly provided with two factors: the presence of second-order alveolocytes capable of producing surfactant, and a sufficient formation of alveoli as well. This work summarizes the basics of fetal lung histology with the demonstration of histological preparations of the lungs at different stages of intrauterine development.

[The epidemiological characteristics of the spread of Grigor'ev-Shiga dysentery in the territories of the former USSR in recent years]. / Epidemiologicheskie osobennosti rasprostraneniia dizenterii Grigor'eva--Shiga na territoriiakh byvshego SSSR v poslednie gody.

On the basis of special data on the registered cases of Grigor'ev-Shiga dysentery on the territory of the former USSR the spread of this nosological form of Shigella infections since 1980 until the present moment has been analyzed. As shown by this analysis, Grigor'ev-Shiga dysentery is not widely spread on the whole territory of the former USSR, the cases of this disease being mostly registered in Namangan (the Uzbek Republic). The study has shown that the area of the circulation of Shigella dysenteriae 1 is not completely determined. This disease is quite widely spread in some areas of Central Asia, penetrating from these areas to other regions. Everyday contacts have shown to play the main role in the transmission of S. dysenteriae 1 due to poor municipal sanitation facilities and pronounced deficiency in the level of general and sanitary education. The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan has led to the rapid improvement of the epidemiological situation on the territory of the former USSR as the result of a sharp decline in the "import" of Shigella dysenteriae 1.