Novel synthesis and characterization of pristine Cu nanoparticles for the non-enzymatic glucose biosensor.

Non enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensing was developed based on pristine Cu Nanopartilces (NPs)/Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) which can be accomplished by simple green method via ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extract. Then, the affect of leaf extract addition on improving Structural, Optical and electrochemical properties of pristine cu NPs was investigated. The synthesized Cu NPs were characterized with X-ray diffraction (X-ray), Uv-Visible spectroscopy (Uv-Vis), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Particle size distribution (PSA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural optical and morphological studies respectively. The synthesized Cu NPs were coated over glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to study the electrochemical response of glucose by cyclic voltammetry and ampherometer. The results indicates that the modified biosensor shows a remarkable sensitivity (1065.21 µA mM-1 cm-2), rapid response time (<3s), wide linear range (1 to 7.2 mM), low detection limit (0.038 µM at S/N = 3). Therefore, the prepared Cu NPs by the Novel Bio-mediated route were exploited to construct a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor for sustainable clinical field applications.

Novel synthesis and structural analysis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for the non enzymatic glucose biosensor.

A non-enzymatic glucose biosensor was developed by utilizing the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by a novel green method using the leaf extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum. The structural, optical and morphological properties of ZnO NPs characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis revealed that the ZnO NPs were crystalline and had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size measured by XRD was the same as that measured using SEM and TEM. The UV-vis absorption spectrum estimates the band gap of ZnO NPs present in the range of 2.82 to 3.45eV. The reduction and formation of ZnO NPs mainly due to the involvement of leaf extract bio-molecular compounds analyzed from the FTIR spectra. The SEM result confirms the morphology of the NPs responsible from the various concentration of leaf extract in the synthesis process. HRTEM analysis depicts the spherical structure of ZnO NPs. The synthesized NPs have the average size ranges from 10 to 20nm. The fabricated GCE/ZnO glucose sensor represents superior electro catalytic activity that has been observed for ZnO NPs with a reproducible sensitivity of 631.30µAmM-1cm-2, correlation coefficient of R=0.998, linear dynamic range from 1-8.6mM, low detection limit of 0.043µM (S/N=3) and response time<4s.

Activity sampling of nurses of a sub-acute ward of a large hospital.

A study was conducted in a 43 bedded subacute family ward of a large hospital to find out the adequacy and efficiency of its nursing service. Activity analysis in respect of nurses was carried out by Activity Sampling Technique. The study revealed that out of 334 activities, observed, 78 (23.3%) were non-productive, whereas 256 (76.7%) were productive. Out of the productive activities, 148 (44.3%) were for direct patient care mainly comprising of 46 (31.1% for carrying out technical procedures, 36 (24.32%) for determining patients' needs, 20 (13.15%) for preparing patients for various procedures and 15 (10.14%) for assisting in technical procedures. Number wise the nurses were found to be adequate.