Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.

Magnetic resonance imaging-negative myeloneuropathy and bilateral facial paresis unfurling systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disorder that can affect all the neuroaxes in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus is one of the least common neuropsychiatric syndromes accounting for 1%-2% of cases. Myelopathy has long been diagnosed based on clinical findings, laboratory tests, and gold-standard gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI-negative myelopathy is a recently described subset of myelopathies. Here, we report the case of a young woman from rural West Bengal, India, who presented with overlapping features of white-matter and gray-matter myelopathy associated with peripheral neuropathy and bilateral asymmetric lower motor neuron-type facial paresis. The historical analysis yielded clues toward an etiological diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, further substantiated by seropositivity of lupus-specific autoantibodies. Her neurological disabilities responded poorly to oral administration of hydroxychloroquine, bolus intravenous administration of methylprednisolone, and high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy but eventually responded remarkably well to cyclical rituximab therapy. This case adds to the tally of cases of MRI-negative lupus myelopathy. MRI-negative myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus can be easily missed if not meticulous attention is paid during clinical history taking and examinations.

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution-individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic.

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.