RESUMO
Obstipation is a common complaint in pharmacies and one of the treatment strategies is the delivery of enteric coated bisacodyL tablets. This article reviews the different aspects that are important for pharmacists to guarantee patient safety: whether medical treatment is required or not, which advice should be given on how to use the drug, and to conclude what is the analytical quality of the commercial products on the Belgian market.
Assuntos
Bisacodil/uso terapêutico , Constipação Intestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Laxantes/uso terapêutico , Bélgica , Bisacodil/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Laxantes/efeitos adversos , Assistência Farmacêutica , FarmáciaRESUMO
Preparations formulated as coated or film-coated tablets, containing levonorgestrel and the combination ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel, were evaluated in a comparative study. This study comprised in vitro dissolution, assay and content uniformity. The analytical methods were previously validated according to international guidelines. All examined products complied with the postulated requirements.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais Sintéticos/administração & dosagem , Etinilestradiol/administração & dosagem , Levanogestrel/administração & dosagem , Bélgica , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Anticoncepcionais Orais Sintéticos/química , Anticoncepcionais Orais Sintéticos/normas , Combinação de Medicamentos , Etinilestradiol/química , Etinilestradiol/normas , Levanogestrel/química , Levanogestrel/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Solubilidade , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Comprimidos com Revestimento EntéricoRESUMO
Langerhans Cell histiocytosis is a rare proliferative histiocytic disorder in which pathologic Langerhans cells accumulate in a variety of organs. The clinical presentation, evolution and therapeutic options are highly variable. Because of its relative rarity and the broad clinical spectrum, the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is often delayed or missed. At present, many questions with respect to aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment remain unanswered. In the present article we want to raise the awareness of this rare disease in adults and its diversity by the means of two case reports. In addition, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and the current management are reviewed.
Assuntos
Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico por imagem , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/metabolismo , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/patologia , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/terapia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Radiografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Nifedipine preparations formulated as immediate-release capsules and prolonged-release tablets were evaluated with different tests, including in vitro dissolution, assay and content uniformity, and determination of related compounds. The analytical methods were previously validated according to international guidelines. All examined products complied with the postulated requirements but the dissolution test for prolonged-release tablets showed that these products cannot be interchanged.
Assuntos
Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Nifedipino/administração & dosagem , Bélgica , Disponibilidade Biológica , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/análise , Cápsulas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Uso de Medicamentos , Interações Alimento-Droga , Nifedipino/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Solubilidade , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , ComprimidosRESUMO
Preparations containing lisinopril and the combination lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide, and formulated as tablets were evaluated with different tests, including in vitro dissolution, assay and content uniformity, and determination of related compounds. The analytical methods were previously validated according to international guidelines. All examined products complied with the postulated requirements.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/normas , Hidroclorotiazida/normas , Lisinopril/normas , Anti-Hipertensivos/análise , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Combinação de Medicamentos , Europa (Continente) , Hidroclorotiazida/análise , Lisinopril/análise , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , ComprimidosRESUMO
Propranolol preparations formulated as immediate-release tablets and prolonged-release capsules were evaluated with different tests, including in vitro dissolution and assay with previously validated methods according to the guideline of the European network of Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs). All examined products complied with our requirements and those described in the European, British and the US Pharmacopoeia and consequently they can be considered as pharmaceutically equivalent.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta , Propranolol , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacocinética , Bélgica , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Propranolol/administração & dosagem , Propranolol/farmacocinética , Padrões de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Equivalência TerapêuticaRESUMO
Fluconazole preparations formulated as capsules were evaluated with different tests, including in vitro dissolution and assay with previously validated methods according to the guideline of the European network of Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs). All examined products complied with our requirements and those described in the European and the US Pharmacopoeia and consequently they can be considered as pharmaceutically equivalent.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/análise , Fluconazol/análise , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/normas , Bélgica , Cápsulas , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Fluconazol/normas , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Piracetam preparations formulated as capsules, tablets and granules were evaluated with different tests including in vitro dissolution and assay with previously validated methods according to the guideline of the European network of official medicines control laboratories (OMCLs). All examined products complied with the requirements as described here and in the European Pharmacopoeia except for the dissolution test where 3 products did not meet the USP acceptance criteria applied on the established specification.
Assuntos
Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Piracetam/administração & dosagem , Piracetam/química , Bélgica , Cromatografia Líquida , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Ranitidine preparations formulated as tablets and granules were evaluated with different tests including in vitro dissolution and assay. Previously the analytical methods of these tests were validated according to the guidelines of the European network of Official Medicines Control Laboratories (OMCLs). All examined products complied to the requirements as described in the European, the British and the US Pharmacopoeia and consequently they can be considered as pharmaceutically equivalent.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Ranitidina/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/normas , Bélgica , Química Farmacêutica , Cromatografia Líquida , Humanos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição/normas , Controle de Qualidade , Ranitidina/normas , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Simple to use interactive self-modelling mixture analysis (SIMPLISMA), orthogonal projection (OPA) and Needle Search (NS) approaches have been applied to the determination of a number of compounds present in a complex multicomponent system. None of these three approaches succeeded completely when they were tested using the whole data matrix. When OPA and NS were applied to three simpler submatrices, obtained by dividing the total data matrix, and where a smaller number of compounds were present, better performance was achieved.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
Nested designs were performed in order to execute a ruggedness test according to the United States Pharmacopeia definition for ruggedness, in which mainly non-procedure related factors are examined. Several nested designs have been executed on a high performance liquid chromatography assay to determine tetracycline and related substances in bulk samples of tetracycline. Factors such as different laboratories, analysts, instruments, columns, days and batches were examined. The interpretation methods described in the literature were found to cause problems. In these methods the variances of the examined factors are estimated from the calculated mean square values and from the equation for the expected mean squares. Very frequently, negative variance estimates were obtained. Their absolute values were found to be dependent on the influence of the factor examined below it in the design, on the examined response. Therefore an alternative interpretation method for nested designs, based on pooled variances, was proposed and found to be appropriate to use for ruggedness testing purposes. Both approaches, the one from the literature and the one proposed here, were tested on simulated data coming from a nested design with four factors and on the experimentally measured data.