Cytokines and growth factors in a biologic product obtained from patients' urine as immune-modulators to treat autoimmune and allergic diseases.

At "Instituto de Alergias y Autoinmunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda, A.C." in Mexico City, a non-traditional health care center focused on the treatment of autoimmune and allergic diseases using personalized medicine, an alternative treatment referred to as an "immune-modulator" has been developed. In this study, we will refer to this treatment substance as the "immune-modulator." In brief, a urine sample is collected from the patient and processed to obtain the peptide fraction, which is conditioned and then administered sublingually to the patient. Sample processing involves multiple steps aimed at the removal of toxic compounds and enrichment for cytokines, growth factors, and other immune peptides that may contribute to the function of the immune-modulator. This treatment has been administered for many years, and patients testify that it is useful and reliable. Despite the benefits of this treatment, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aims to identify immunoregulatory peptides, such as cytokines and growth factors, in the immune-modulator. Urine and immune-modulator concentrations of cytokines and growth factors were assessed using a Luminex assay. Twenty-one cytokines and growth factors were identified in immune-modulator samples. MCP-1 was identified in 100% of the samples; MIP-1ß, IL-8, RANTES, INF-γ, and IP-10 were identified in approximately 65-70% of samples; IL5, IL-1B, and IL-17 in 50-60%; eotaxin, VEGF, IL-6, and FGF in about 40%; MIP-1α, IL-9, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-12, and IL-15 in about 20-30%; and IL-13 and PDGF-bb were identified in <6% of samples. Additionally, patients exhibited significant changes in IL-1ß, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 concentrations after treatment with the immune-modulator, whereas healthy individuals showed no significant change in response to the treatment. The immune-modulator is an alternative treatment based on the administration of cytokines and growth factors obtained from the urine of patients. In this study, its composition was characterized. The isolated products could be responsible for the effects of the immune-modulator. Further trials are required to evaluate the effective delivery of these molecules by the administration route described.

SEOM clinical guideline for the management of malignant melanoma (2017).

All melanoma suspected patients must be confirmed histologically and resected. Sentinel node biopsy must be done when tumor is over 1 mm or if less with high-risk factors. Adjuvant therapy with interferon could be offered for patients with high-risk melanoma and in selected cases radiotherapy can be added. Metastatic melanoma treatment is guided by mutational BRAF status. BRAF wild type patients must receive anti-PD1 containing therapy and BRAF mutated patients BRAF/MEK inhibitors or anti-PD1 containing therapy. Up to 10 years follow up is reasonable for melanoma patients with dermatologic examinations and physical exams.

Evaluation of the genotoxic activity of dicamba and atrazine herbicides in several Mexican and South American varieties of sweetcorn (Zea mays L.).

Corn is a major crop and various herbicides are used to maximize its production, which include a dicamba-atrazine mixture. This has great advantages, but can also induce DNA damage. Genotoxic activity was assessed by comet assay following application of two concentrations of dicamba-atrazine: 1000-2000 and 2000-4000 ppm. Apical meristem leaf nuclei from 119 varieties of sweetcorn plants from Mexico and South America, and from five commercial sweetcorn hybrids were used. Each accession comprised two individuals per concentration and two controls. Significant genotoxic activity (P < 0.001) was observed following treatment with 1000-2000 and 2000-4000 ppm compared to the negative control. There was no difference in the genotoxic activity induced by both 1000-2000 and 2000-4000 ppm concentrations in plants from Mexico and South America (P > 0.05) except (P < 0.05) in the 2000-4000 ppm treated plants from Mexico and the 1000-2000 ppm treated plants from South America. Sweetcorn hybrids showed significant genetic damage (P < 0.01) at all concentrations compared to the negative controls. Thus, the dicamba-atrazine mixture caused genetic damage to corn plants, and it suggested that Mexican sweetcorn is more sensitive to dicamba-atrazine than the maize varieties from South America. Neither hybrid status nor the origin avoids DNA damage caused by Marvel. Thus, maize can be useful as a biomonitor of genetic damage induced by chemicals and to identify possible phenotypes based upon the amount of genetic damage induced by herbicides and selection of resistant genotypes.

Three new teosintes (Zea spp., Poaceae) from México.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Teosinte species are the closest relatives of maize and represent an important but increasingly rare genetic resource for maize improvement and the study of evolution by domestication. Three morphologically and ecologically distinct teosinte populations were recently discovered in México. The taxonomic status of these rare and endangered populations was investigated by detailed comparisons to previously characterized wild Zea species. • METHODS: Three new teosinte populations were compared to known teosinte taxa on the basis of morphological, ecogeographic, cytological, and molecular characteristics. Phenetic and phylogenetic analyses were performed using morphological and molecular data, respectively. • KEY RESULTS: The newly discovered populations are distinct from each other and from other Zea species to represent three new entities based on their unique combinations of morphological, ecological, ploidy, and DNA markers. A perennial diploid population from Nayarit is distinguished by early maturing plants, and having male inflorescences with few tassel branches and long spikelets. A perennial tetraploid population from Michoacán is characterized by tall and late maturing plants, and having male inflorescences with many branches. An annual diploid population from Oaxaca is characterized by having male inflorescences with fewer branches and longer spikelets than those found in the sister taxa Z. luxurians and Z. nicaraguensis, plants with high thermal requirements, and very long seed dormancy. • CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from multiple independent sources suggests placement of the three new populations of teosinte as distinct entities within section Luxuriantes of the genus Zea. However, more extensive DNA marker or sequence data are required to resolve the taxonomy of this genus.

Evaluación del efecto antioxidante de hojas de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, ômacaõ / Antioxidant effect of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón maca leaves

La maca crece en los departamentos alto andinos, de la Cordillera de los Andes del Perú, entre 3500 y 4700 m.s.n.m. Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante de las hojas de Lepidium peruvianum Chacon, ôMacaõ. Materiales y Método: Se utilizaron hojas de maca, molidas, de la zona de Junín, a partir de las cuales se prepararon, por maceración, 3 extractos : 1) en éter etílico (EEE), 2) en agua destilada (EAD) y 3) en alcohol etílico (EAE). Posteriormente fueron filtrados y evaporados en un Rotavapor Laborota 4003, Heidolph. La evaluación del efecto antioxidante, se realizó por el método de DPPH, comparando el coeficiente de inhibición-50 (IC50) con la Vitamina C. Resultados: La captación de radicales libres (%) a 100 ug/m fue: EEE=99.63 , EAE=94.87, EAD= 99.37 , VIT C=, 94.72, a 50 ug/ml : EEE=96.83 , EAE=89.93, EAD= 86.57, VIT C= 93.69 , a 25ug/ml : EEE= 95.24, EAE=90.84, EAD= 78.02, VIT C=84.63, a 1 ug/ml: EEE=92.31, EAE=94.87, EAD= 35.53, VIT C=84.01. Asimismo, encontramos que el IC-50 (ug/ml) fue: EEE= 63.78, EAE=249, EAD= 75.29, VIT C= 1.76. Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran la capacidad antioxidante de Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, la que podría estar relacionada con la presencia de flavonoides (quercetina) y de antocianinas, entre otros compuestos.

Maca grows in the Andean regions of Peru between 3500 and 4700 meters above sea level. Objectives: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of Lepidium peruvianum Chacon, ôMacaõ leaves. Materials and Method: In the present study, we used ground leaves of maca from the Junìn region from where three types of extracts were prepared by maceration: 1) ethel ether extract (EEE), 2) water extract (EAD) and 3) ethyl alcohol extract (EAE). Evaluation of the antioxidant effect was performed by the DPPH method, comparing the coefficient of inhibition-50 (IC50) with Vitamin C. Results: Capture of free radicals (%) at 100 ug/ml was: EEE=99.63, EAE=94.87, EAD = 99,37, VIT C =, 94,72, at 50 ug/ml: EEE=96.83, EAE=89.93, EAD = 86,57, VIT C = 93,69, at 2üg/ml: EEE = 95,24, EAE=90.84, EAD = 78,02, VIT C=84.63, at 1 ug/ml: EEE=92.31, EAE=94.87, EAD = 35,53, VIT C=84.01. Also, we found that the IC- 50 (ug/ml) was: EEE = 63,78, EAE=249, EAD = 75,29, VIT C = 1.76. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the antioxidant capacity of Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, that could be related to the presence of flavonoids (quercetin) and anthocyanins, among other compounds.

Citodiagnostico en la patologia tumoral dermatologica / Citodiagnosis in tumoral cutaneous pathology

Fue el objetivo de este estudio realizar la comapración entre la citología y la histología de lesiones dermatológicas a efectos de determinar si el citodiagnóstico es válido para ser aplicado en la patología cutánea. Fueron incluidos dentro del protocolo 150 casos con diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de patología tumoral maligna. Los resultados fueron evaluados de acuerdo a la patología en general, a cada patología en particular y a la forma en que fue obtenida la toma. Para evaluar la utilidad desde el punto de vista dermatológico se recurrió a pruebas de discriminancia, tomando como base diagnóstica de certeza aquella arrojada por la histopatología, con los siguientes resultados: Sensibilidad: 63,26%, Especificidad: 88,46%, Valor Predictivo +: 91,18% y Valor Predictivo-: 56,10%. Los resultados fueron exitosos en el caso de los epiteliomas basocelulares, altamente orientadores en las metástasis de melanoma e insatisfactorios en epiteliomas espinocelulares. Si se considera la frecuencia de os epitelios basocelulares dentro de la patología tumoral dermatológica, el citodiagnóstico se constituye en un recurso rápido y económico, que ocasionando un mínimo de incomodidad al paciente puede agilizar el plan de estudio establecido. No excluye ni invalida la realización de la anatomía patológica tisular

Citodiagnostico en la patologia tumoral dermatologica / Citodiagnosis in tumoral cutaneous pathology

Fue el objetivo de este estudio realizar la comapración entre la citología y la histología de lesiones dermatológicas a efectos de determinar si el citodiagnóstico es válido para ser aplicado en la patología cutánea. Fueron incluidos dentro del protocolo 150 casos con diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de patología tumoral maligna. Los resultados fueron evaluados de acuerdo a la patología en general, a cada patología en particular y a la forma en que fue obtenida la toma. Para evaluar la utilidad desde el punto de vista dermatológico se recurrió a pruebas de discriminancia, tomando como base diagnóstica de certeza aquella arrojada por la histopatología, con los siguientes resultados: Sensibilidad: 63,26%, Especificidad: 88,46%, Valor Predictivo +: 91,18% y Valor Predictivo-: 56,10%. Los resultados fueron exitosos en el caso de los epiteliomas basocelulares, altamente orientadores en las metástasis de melanoma e insatisfactorios en epiteliomas espinocelulares. Si se considera la frecuencia de os epitelios basocelulares dentro de la patología tumoral dermatológica, el citodiagnóstico se constituye en un recurso rápido y económico, que ocasionando un mínimo de incomodidad al paciente puede agilizar el plan de estudio establecido. No excluye ni invalida la realización de la anatomía patológica tisular (AU)

Captopril como droga monoterapica de la hipertensión diastolica / Captopril as drug monotherapy of diatolic hypertension

La efectividad e inocuidad del captopril, como droga monoterápica, fue evaluada en 35 pacientes con hipertensión diastólica crónica de etiología desconocida, en un estudio abierto de 8 días de duración. Fueron administrados 75 mg diarios de la droga, en forma de comprimidos por vía oral. La efectividad hipotensora fue del 82 por ciento. El 31,4 de los pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, ocurriendo la respuesta a primera dosis en el 11,2 por ciento no siendo necesaria la suspensión de la medicación en ningún caso