RESUMO
A woman with extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis treated with a drug regimen including linezolid and bedaquiline during her last 3 weeks of pregnancy gave birth to a child without abnormalities. No fetal toxicities were noted by 2 years after delivery. This drug combination might be safe during the late third trimester of pregnancy.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Diarilquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Extensivamente Resistente a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Linezolida/uso terapêutico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/administração & dosagem , Diarilquinolinas/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Linezolida/administração & dosagem , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety, tolerance and preventive effect on atopic dermatitis of an experimental α-lactalbumin-enriched and symbiotic-supplemented infant formula. A total of ninety-seven non-breastfed term neonates were enrolled into a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial in which they received experimental (n 48) or standard formula (n 49) for 6 months. The primary outcome was weight at 6 months of age. Secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal tolerance and manifestation of atopic dermatitis. Faecal secretory IgA (SIgA) concentration and microbiota composition of forty-three infants were analysed at 1 and 6 months. Growth was similar in both groups. At 1 month, compared to those in the control group, infants in the experimental group exhibited less crying or agitation, and more quiet behaviour (P=0·03). At 6 months, atopic dermatitis was less frequently observed in the experimental group (P<0·05). Decrease of faecal SIgA concentration between 1 and 6 months was mainly observed in the control group. This decrease was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis (P<0·014) and negatively correlated to the level of colonisation by bifidobacteria (P<0·005). In conclusion, compared to the control formula, the experimental formula guaranteed a similar growth, was better tolerated at 1 month and had a protective effect against the development of atopic dermatitis.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Dermatite Atópica/prevenção & controle , Fórmulas Infantis/química , Lactalbumina/uso terapêutico , Simbióticos , Aumento de Peso , Bifidobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bifidobacterium/imunologia , Bifidobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/microbiologia , Dermatite Atópica/fisiopatologia , Fezes/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , França , Trato Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/análise , Comportamento do Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Análise de Intenção de Tratamento , Lactalbumina/administração & dosagem , Lactalbumina/efeitos adversos , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/imunologia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Simbióticos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Probiotics and prebiotics are considered to be beneficial to the gastrointestinal health of infants. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate infant formulas containing probiotics and synbiotics (combinations of probiotics and prebiotics) for safety and tolerance. DESIGN: In a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomized trial, healthy full-term infants were exclusively fed a control formula or study formulas containing Bifidobacterium longum BL999 (BL999) + Lactobacillus rhamnosus LPR (LPR), BL999 + LPR + 4 g/L of 90% galactooligosaccharide/10% short-chain fructooligosaccharide (GOS/SCFOS), or BL999 + Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 (ST11) + 4 g/L GOS/SCFOS from < or = 2 to 16 wk of age (treatment period). Safety and tolerance were assessed based on weight gain during the treatment period (primary outcome) as well as recumbent length, head circumference, digestive tolerance, and adverse events (secondary outcomes), which were evaluated at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 52 wk of age. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-four infants were enrolled. During the treatment period, difference in mean weight gain between control and study formula groups in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations were within the predefined equivalence boundaries of +/-3.9 g/d, indicating equivalent weight gain. Secondary outcomes did not show significant differences between groups during the treatment period. CONCLUSION: Infants fed formulas containing probiotics or synbiotics show a similar rate in weight gain compared with those fed a control formula and tolerate these formulas well.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium/fisiologia , Diarreia Infantil/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Aumento de Peso , Bifidobacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Digestão , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Cabeça/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis , Recém-Nascido , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiologia , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a twice daily regimen containing 400 mg of indinavir and 100 mg of ritonavir in 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women during pregnancy. The median indinavir trough concentration was 208 ng/ml during the third trimester. At delivery, 26 of 28 women on indinavir-ritonavir had HIV RNA levels of <200 copies/ml. No infant was HIV infected. These data are encouraging for the use of this combination for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.