Concurrent training remodels the subcutaneous adipose tissue extracellular matrix of people living with HIV: a non-randomized clinical trial.

Evaluate the effect of 12 wks of concurrent training (CT) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In the non-randomized clinical trial, 19 participants, 11 healthy (HIV-) and 18 PLWHA under the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 1 year (HIV+). All participants engaged in a moderate-intensity CT program for 12 weeks, 3 times a week. Before and after CT, aerobic and strength performance were assessed, as well as anthropometric and biochemical blood profiles. In addition, SAT biopsies were performed for histologic and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was carried out with R Studio, using descriptive and inferential analysis, ANOVA test, and mixed-effect model (P < 0.05). HIV+ showed higher levels of very-low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins at baseline than HIV- (P < 0.05). All groups showed improved aerobic and strength performances (P < 0.05). Both groups showed reduced adipocyte sizes after CT (P < 0.05). Lastly, HIV+ presented smaller adipocytes and higher elastic fiber deposition at baseline and decreased after training only in HIV+, similar to the HIV group. Thus, CT in PLWHA promoted a decrease in the size heterogeneity of adipocytes and elastic fiber deposition, remodeling the ECM, and improving the SAT fibrosis profile. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br - UTN: U1111-1214-3022). Novelty: Adipose tissue fibrosis is improved by training in people living with HIV. Concurrent training remodels adipose tissue extracellular matrix.

Is there an association between overweight/obesity and dental implant complications? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review was to test the following hypotheses: (1) that there is no difference in implant survival rate between individuals with overweight or obesity and those who are within the ideal weight range; (2) that there are no differences between these groups regarding indicators of peri-implant health. Two independent reviewers performed a literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published up to April 1, 2018. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the risk difference for implant failure and mean difference for marginal bone loss, probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Six studies were selected for review, involving a total of 746 patients with 986 implants: 609 in overweight or obese individuals and 377 in individuals within the ideal weight range. The findings of this systematic review indicate that the first hypothesis should be accepted, since no statistically significant difference in implant survival rate was found between individuals with overweight/obesity and those within the ideal weight range (P=0.64). The second hypothesis was rejected, as the review indicated a difference in marginal bone loss (P<0.00001), probing depth (P<0.00001), and bleeding around dental implants (P<0.00001).

Efficacy of corticosteroids versus placebo in impacted third molar surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The aim of this systematic review was to identify randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of corticosteroids in the control of pain, oedema, and trismus following third molar surgery, and to analyse the effects of the type of drug administered and the time and route of drug administration on the outcomes of interest. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. This review was structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search identified 1223 studies. After assessing eligibility based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis (a total of 730 patients aged 15-45 years). Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis, which was performed using Review Manager software. The corticosteroids were effective in controlling pain (P=0.002; mean difference -17.38, 95% confidence interval -24.81 to -9.95) and trismus (P<0.00001; mean difference 6.10, 95% confidence interval 3.42 to 8.77). With the exception of the submucosal route, the route of administration did not appear to affect the outcomes. The administration of a corticosteroid in the preoperative phase was superior to its use in the postoperative phase for the control of trismus.

How can information on the risk of breast cancer and hormone therapy be better understood?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate postmenopausal women's knowledge of the risk of breast cancer associated with the use of hormone therapy (HT) and their perception of this risk when presented as a relative risk (RR), absolute risk (AbR) or attributable risk (AR). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 402 postmenopausal women. The participants answered a self-response questionnaire in which data on the risk of breast cancer associated with HT were presented in the form of RR, AbR and AR. The women's concern with respect to this risk and their changes of opinion when the data were presented according to the different risk models were evaluated. RESULTS: More than 87% of the women mentioned breast cancer as one of the risks associated with the use of HT, with more women being concerned when the risk was presented as an RR. In contrast, most were unconcerned when the risk was presented as an AbR or AR. For the group as a whole, there was a significant change in opinion with respect to the women's concern regarding the risks when they were presented as an AbR or AR (p < 0.001); however, this was not the case for those women who had initially stated that breast cancer was a risk associated with HT. CONCLUSIONS: Providing information on breast cancer risk using examples that quantify the incidence of the disease provokes less concern in users and candidate users of HT. Changes of opinion occur when explanations regarding the risk are provided as RR, AbR and AR.

Caracterização da condição física e fatores de risco cardiovascular de policiais militares rodoviários / Caracterización de la condición física y factores del riesgo cardiovascular de la policía de carreteras / Characterization of the physical condition and cardiovascular risk of highway police officers

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar os níveis de condição, composição corporal e pressão arterial de policiais rodoviários do estado do Paraná - Brasil. Método: Fizeram parte da amostra 52 oficiais do sexo masculino (idade: 38,3 ± 6,3 anos, massa corporal: 89,6 ± 18,4 kg) de diferentes patentes. Foram realizadas diversas mensurações para obtenção do índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência de cintura (CC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), composição corporal por meio da espessura de dobras cutâneas, potência aeróbia estimada indiretamente em teste de esforço ergométrico, resistência muscular localizada (RML) de membros superiores e abdominal e os níveis pressóricos foram aferidos por método auscultatório. Resultados: Considerando as variáveis analisadas, os policiais rodoviários apresentaram IMC de 28,6 ± 4,8 kg/m2, risco cardiovascular elevado (95,4 ± 10,8 cm) para CC e alto (0,92 ± 0,05) para RCQ. O percentual de gordura corporal apresentou-se acima dos valores recomendáveis (23,6 ± 4,3 %) para saúde, a potência aeróbia estimada foi considerada boa (34,8 ± 1,1 ml/kg/min), a RML de membros superiores (21 ± 8 repetições) e foi obtida por realização dos testes de abdominal e flexão de braço, respectivamente (28 ± 8 repetições) foram classificadas como média e uma parcela importante dos oficiais (23 %) mostraram-se com níveis pressóricos elevados. Conclusão: Os policiais militares rodoviários mostraram-se com níveis inadequados de condição física, apresentando excesso de peso e adiposidade corporais, e, uma parcela importante, exibiu níveis pressóricos elevados, sugerindo elevado risco cardiovascular

Objetivo. Evaluar los niveles de aptitud, composición corporal y de la presión arterial de la policía de carreteras en el estado de Paraná, Brasil. Método. Se analizó a 52 oficiales del sexo masculino (38,3 ± 6,3 años, y 89,6 ± 18,4 kg). Fueron realizadas diferentes mediciones para la obtención del índice de masa corporal (IMC); la circunferencia de cintura (CC); el índice cintura/cadera (ICC). La composición corporal se midió por medio del espesor del pliegue cutáneo; la potencia aeróbica se estimó indirectamente mediante una prueba de esfuerzo en una cinta ergométrica; la fuerza muscular de los miembros superiores se midió mediante el número de flexiones y la del abdomen por el número de abdominales y la presión arterial fue medida por auscultación. Resultados. Los policías presentaban un IMC clasificado como obesidad leve (28,6 ± 4,8 kg/m2); la CC de alto riesgo (95,4 ± 10,8 cm); el ICC alto (0,92 ± 0,05); el porcentaje de grasa corporal por encima de los valores recomendados (23,6 ± 4,3 %); la potencia aeróbica buena (34,8 ± 1,1 ml/kg/min); la RM de los miembros superiores (21 ± 8 repeticiones) y del abdomen (28 ± 8 repeticiones) medias, y una proporción significativa (23 %) de los policías presentaron niveles de presión arterial alterada. Conclusión. En base a estos resultados, fue posible verificar que aunque la policía ha mantenido buenos niveles de potencia aeróbica y fuerza muscular, presentaron exceso de peso e índices que indican alto riesgo cardiovascular (AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the physical fitness, body composition and blood pressure of highway police officers in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Method. The sample consisted of 52 male (38.3 ± 6.3 years old, 89.6 ± 18.4 kg) where the following determinations were performed: body mass index (BMI); waist circumference (WC); waist/hip ratio (WHR); body composition (skinfold thickness); aerobic power (indirectly estimated in a treadmill test); muscle strength of the upper limbs was measured by the number of push-ups and abdominal strength by the number of crunches (ES) and blood pressure (measured by auscultatory method). Results. The highway police officers had a BMI classified as mild obesity (28.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2), and a higher cardiovascular risk as determined by WC (95.4 ± 10.8 cm) and WHR (0.92 ± 0.05). The percentage of body fat was above the recommended values (23.6 ± 4.3 %) but the aerobic power was considered good (34.8 ± 1.1 ml/kg/min). Mean ES upper body (21 ± 8 repetitions) and abdomen (28 ± 8 repetitions) were qualified as fair but mean blood pressure was considered high in 23 % of the police officers. Conclusion. Based on our results it was possible to conclude that although the police officers presented good levels of aerobic power and muscle strength, they are overweight and showed a higher cardiovascular risk (AU)

Creatine supplementation in trained rats causes changes in myenteric neurons and intestinal wall morphometry

Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training. The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated. Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks, and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2% creatine. Animals were divided in groups: sedentary, sedentary supplemented with creatine, trained and trained supplemented with creatine. The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks. Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morpho metric studies of the mucosa, the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons. It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness, villus height or crypts depth, however, a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated. The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged, but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated, suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.

Creatine supplementation in trained rats causes changes in myenteric neurons and intestinal wall morphometry

Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training. The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated. Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks, and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2% creatine. Animals were divided in groups: sedentary, sedentary supplemented with creatine, trained and trained supplemented with creatine. The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks. Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morpho metric studies of the mucosa, the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons. It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness, villus height or crypts depth, however, a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated. The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged, but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated, suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.(AU)

Alterations of tendons in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

AIMS: To perform a systematic review of observational studies which analyse tendon alterations in patients with diabetes mellitus compared with healthy individuals. METHODS: Data collection was performed, with no language restriction, using the databases of PubMed/Medline, BIREME, CINAHL, LILACS and Cochrane, as well as the references found in these studies. Three reviewers performed independent extractions of articles. Subsequently, these reviewers analysed the articles, focusing on their methodological quality, using the appropriate scale to evaluate observational studies from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. RESULTS: Six articles were included in the analysis. Of these, four had used ultrasonographic diagnostics, one computed tomography and one magnetic resonance imaging. The patient pool comprised 396 individuals. All the articles evaluated tendon thickness and presented heterogeneous results. Two articles stated thickening or increased volume of the tendons in diabetic people, one article did not report any alteration, the fourth failed to determine any alterations and the fifth showed thinning of the tendons. The arrangement of collagen fibrils and the presence of calcification were analysed in only one article (n = 80), showing that 88.10% (n = 68) of individuals with diabetes presented disorientation of collagen fibril arrangement, while only 10% (n = 1) of healthy individuals presented this condition. Regarding tendon calcification, the article showed diabetic individuals with higher values than healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: All the articles indicated some relation between diabetes mellitus and tendon alterations in human beings, but due to methodological drawbacks, this association could not be sustained.

The Dmax is highly related to performance in middle-aged females.

The present study examined whether the running speed at the lactate threshold estimated by the maximal deviation method (LT (Dmax)) is highly correlated and in agreement with 10-km road race performance (S (10 km)) in middle-aged female runners. Additionally, the LT (Dmax) was compared with the visual detection of the inflection point (LT (Visual)), the fixed lactate level of 4 mmol.L (-1) (LT (4)) and the peak speed (S (peak)) in relation to performance. Sixteen middle-aged, recreational female runners performed a discontinuous, incremental treadmill test. The initial speed was set at 7 km.h (-1), and this speed was increased every 3 min by 1 km.h (-1) with a 30-s rest between the stages used for earlobe capillary blood sample collection. All of the participants took part in the same local 10-km road race, and S (10 km) mean speed was calculated. The speeds (mean ± SD) were 10.5 ± 1.0 (S (10 km)), 10.5 ± 1.0 (LT (Visual)), 10.9 ± 0.9 (LT (Dmax)), 11.4 ± 1.3 (LT (4)) and 13.5 ± 1.1 km.h (-1) (S (peak)). The LT (Dmax) had the narrowest limits of agreement (0.3 ± 0.4 km.h (-1)) and was the most highly correlated with the S (10 km) ( R=0.98), followed by the S (peak) ( R=0.95), LT (4) ( R=0.85) and LT (Visual) ( R=0.81). In conclusion, the LT (Dmax) should be more widely used to estimate long-distance performance and to verify improvements in training.

Prospective assessment of estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive functioning: atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

Studies of humans have not confirmed the suggestion from animal studies that estrogen replacement therapy may have an inverse relation with cognitive function decline. Because many of these studies have been marred by design or methodological problems, such as a small sample size, failure to control for confounding variables, or the use of a cross-sectional design, the present study was conducted in a large cohort of middle-aged postmenopausal women participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. The study population consisted of 2,859 women aged 48-67 years, whose cognitive function was tested at the second (1990-1992) and fourth (1996-1998) visits of the ARIC Study using three instruments: the Delayed Word Recall Test, Digit Symbol Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, and Word Fluency Test. After multiple adjustment, no consistent patterns of cognitive changes between the two cohort visits could be detected according to current use or duration of use of estrogen replacement therapy. Thus, the results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that estrogen replacement therapy may slow age-related cognitive decline, at least as it applies to relatively young postmenopausal women.

Biodecolorization screening of synthetic dyes by four white-rot fungi in a solid medium: possible role of siderophores.

AIMS: Four selected fungi were screened for their ability to decolourize a textile effluent and commercial reactive dyes in a solid medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ligninolytic enzymes activities (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase) and siderophores presence were monitored in decolourized plates. RESULTS: The results showed low lignin peroxidase activity and no manganese peroxidase activity was detected for all fungi. Laccase activity was observed in Reactive Blue 19 decolourized plates by Trametes versicolor and Trametes villosa. Siderophores presence was observed in Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Lentinus edodes decolourized plates. CONCLUSION: Lentinus edodes displayed the greatest decolourization ability both in terms of extent and rapidity of decolourization. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The transformation observed for dyes open the possibility to study siderophores to treat dyes and textile effluents.

Trends in mortality due to ischemic heart disease in the municipality of Goiania, Brazil, during the years between 1980 and 1994.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trends of specific, standardized coefficients of mortality due to ischemic heart disease according to sex and age during the years 1980 and 1994 in the municipality of Goiania, GO, Brazil. METHODS: Data on deaths were retrieved from the Information on Mortality System of the Ministry of Health; population data were obtained from the Foundation of the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The trends of the specific coefficients were analyzed by triennia of the historical series, including individuals of both sexes from 25 years of age on, partitioned into 6 age groups of ten years intervals. The population data corresponding to the year 1980 were used as the standard for the calculation of each age group coefficient. Analyses were carried out by straight linear regression. RESULTS: Coefficients were greater for males in each triennium of the series and increased with age in both sexes. The study of the trends of the specific age coefficients of both sexes revealed a stable pattern of evolution up to the age of 65-74 years (P > 0.05). From 75 years on, a clear-cut decline in mortality due to ischemic heart disease was shown by both sexes. The standardized coefficients also showed a significant decline (p < or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The municipality of Goiânia is at present in a stage of epidemiological transition similar to that of developed countries, even though the observed decline is predominantly influenced by the mortality of older individuals (75 years of age or older).

Degradation and toxicity reduction of textile effluent by combined photocatalytic and ozonation processes.

To minimize the environmental impact of textile effluents, mainly related to their high coloration and the presence of toxic or carcinogenic reactive dyes, the efficiency of photochemical and ozonation processes, applied in the form of isolated and combined procedures, were evaluated. The investigation was focused on the reduction of total organic carbon content (TOC), color and acute toxicity (monitoring by inhibition of Escherichia coli respiration). For a reaction time of 60 min, the anatase TiO2-assisted photocatalytic process produces color and TOC reduction of about 90% and 50%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ozonation process gives a decolorization of about 60% but negligible TOC reduction. When the processes were applied in a simultaneous form, the decolorization was almost complete and the TOC reduction was higher than 60%. The three treatments studied yield an acute toxicity reduction of around 50%.

[Needs of chronic degenerative diseases among adults in a basic health unit in Sao Carlos--SP]. / Demanda por doenças crônico-degenerativas entre adultos matriculados em uma unidade básica de saúde em São Carlos--SP.

The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of the larger clientele more than 12 years old of a Basic Health Unit (BHU), according to socio-demographic variables such as sex,, age group, color, marital status, origin and to characterize the diseases profile according to the chapters of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD X-Revision) and group specific diagnoses standing out the group of the chronic-degenerative diseases, searching for its its characterization in the context of the demographic-epidemiology transition. The study was of the transversal type and the population was constituted by the clientele registered in the BHU until August 31, 1996. Individuals in situation of abandonment, the ones transferred to another units and those who died were excluded. The population studied was formed by 1013 individuals. Data were processed in the software FOXPRO vs 2.0 and the analysis developed in EPIINFO vs 6.04. Authors verified that the studied population was basically formed by women (87.1%). Regarding age, 69.6% were between 12 and 40 years old, 95.6% were of white color, 57.2% were married and 97% coming from the urban zone. The classification according to ICD chapters showed disturbances of the urinary tract and of the genital system (35.5%), breathing system (11.5%) and symptoms and signs (9.9%). The classification according to specific groups of causes showed similar proportions among the infect-parasitic diseases (24.8%) and the chronic-degenerative diseases (24.5%). In the group of chronic-degenerative diseases 50% of ICD chapters were formed by the groups: circulatory, endocrine causes and mental-behaviour. Authors observed that the profile of diseases at the BHU resembles the polarized model of transition where the chronic-degenerative diseases coexist with the infect-parasitic ones. The traditional model of care of the unit that focuses the maternal infant health seems not to adapt to the population progressive aging when prioritizing a clientele that although still young need collective actions for primary and secondary prevention of the chronic-degenerative diseases.

Anticorpos anti-doador e rejeiçäo de transplante renal / Anti-donor antibodies and kidney transplant rejection

Despite all advances, kidney transplant specialists still face a common problem sometimes very hard to solve: the immunologic rejection. Generally classified in hyperacute, acute and chronic, the role of antibodies as mediators is clear in some cases and controversial in other. The main type is the hyperacute, which arises from an injury to graft vascular endothelial cells mediated by anti-donor HLA class-I antibodies (IgG) or anti-ABQ (IgG and/or IgM). HLA molecules comprises three main classes: class-I (mainly HLA-A, B and C), found on virtually all nucleated cells, class-II (mainly HLA-DR, DQ and DP), whose expression is confined basically to immunocompetent cells, and class-III, which includes some complement subunits, tumor necrosis factor and heat shock proteins. HLA molecules are expressed also in renal tissue. Anti-HLA antibodies are produced in response to blood transfusions, pregnancy or rejection of a previous transplant. From this knowledge, it was introduced the first immunogenetic test in kidney transplantation routine (the crossmatch) in which the patient serum samples are reacted with donor cells before surgery. Some patients, although giving a negative crossmatch ("absence" of anti-donor antibodies in the crossmatch test), lose their grafts. Some of these cases were correlated to anti-donor vascular endothelial cells, and reacted also with keratynocytes in skin sections, through immunofluorescence, with high titles. Such skin crossmatch seems to be predictive of rejection in more then 70 percent of the cases. Studyng aloatisera from patients previously exposed to various stimuli that normally induce HLA sensitization, we concluded that skin crossmatch can give false-positive reactions. Many strategies have been used to overcome the humoral barrier. One of the first was the spleenectomy, which represented a landmark in the improvement of the graft follow-up in the pre-ciclosporine era. During the following years, its beneficial effect was completely disguised, but few special recent protocols still include this procedure. Another strategy employed was the non-specific depletion of antibodies from the circulation, which can be done by plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption. Until now, it does not exist the ideal crossmatch, that is 100 percent sensible and 100 percent specific...

[Case-control design in cardiovascular disease epidemiology. II--Analysis of data]. / Metodologia caso-controle em epidemiologia de doenças cardiovasculares. II--Análise de dados.

The wide spread distribution of statistical software recommended for multivariate analysis as well as the ease in handling it can lead the users into adopting wrong measures if they do not pay attention to the theoretical principles behind those methods. With a view to bringing out some of these principles some steps for the data analysis of a case-control study undertaken in the city of S. Paulo-Brazil from March, 1993 to February, 1994 in order to test the association between diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease after adjusting for potential confounders and/or modifiers of effect are presented. Methodologic issues are emphasized in the development of four steps: a) the data bank structure: b) the calculation of statistical power; c) the definition of variables strata and codification and d) the choice of the logistic regression method.

Endogenous thromboxane A2 does not contribute to the contractile response of human umbilical artery strips to 5-hydroxytryptamine.

1. To investigate the possible role of endogenous thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contraction, human umbilical artery strips were suspended in isolated organ chambers for measurement of isometric force. 2. In endothelium intact strips, arachidonic acid (AA;1 microM) potentiates the contractile response to 5-HT, whereas the response was reduced by indomethacin (INDO;10 microM). De-endothelialized strips showed reduced responses to 5-HT. 3. Arachidonic acid-induced potentiation of the responses to 5-HT was prevented by INDO, and the TXA2 synthase inhibitor dazoxiben (DAZ;1 microM and 10 microM) was without effect on the responses to 5-HT in endothelium intact strips. 4. Taken collectively, these results suggest that, in human umbilical artery strips, the contractile response to 5-HT is at least partly dependent on the 5-HT induced release of an endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF), which is a cyclooxygenase metabolite. The lack of effect of DAZ indicates that TXA2 is not the EDCF released during the contractile response of human umbilical artery strips to 5-HT.

Effects of simulated myocardial ischemic conditions on the responses of isolated human umbilical artery strips to 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin F2 alpha.

1. The effects of simulated myocardial ischemic conditions on the contractile response of isolated human umbilical artery (HUA) strips to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were studied. 2. During simulated myocardial ischemic conditions the contractile response of HUA strips to 5-HT was lower than the response to the monoamine under oxygenated conditions. Under simulated ischemic conditions the response to 5-HT was further depressed by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 microM) and increased by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 microM). 3. During simulated ischemic conditions the response of the HUA to a submaximal concentration of PGF2 alpha (3 microM) was reduced. Indomethacin (10 microM) further reduced the response to the prostanoid whereas L-NAME (100 microM) enhanced the response to PGF2 alpha. 4. It is concluded that during simulated myocardial ischemic conditions lactate negatively modulates the contractile response of HUA strips to 5-HT. Apparently, during simulated myocardial ischemic conditions in the HUA the production and/or release of EDRF/NO was not affected.

[Dose-response effect of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in males]. / Efeito dose-resposta de fatores de risco para a doença isquêmica do coração em população masculina.

PURPOSE: Several authors have reported hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolemia as independent risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD), but few of them have investigated the existence of a linear gradient related to the levels of these exposures and IHD. We evaluated the effect of different levels of these exposures and IHD after adjusting for known confounders. METHODS: The study was designed as a case-control and the period of data collection was from March/93 until February/94. The sample was composed of 547 men aged 30-69 years living in the city of São Paulo. We compared 192 cases with 355 controls (172 neighbourhood controls and 183 hospital controls). Logistic regression was the statistical method used to analyse of the data. RESULTS: The results showed a linear gradient for known duration of hypertension, known duration of hypercholesterolemia and daily number of cigarettes smoked. The variables known duration of diabetes mellitus and duration of smoking did not present such a tendency. CONCLUSION: Some methodological issues are presented to explain the absence of a linear gradient for known duration of diabetes mellitus and duration of smoking. It is concluded that the dose-response effect detected for known duration of hypertension, known duration of hypercholesteremia and daily number of cigarettes consumed were independent of the presence of major risk factors for ischemic heart disease.

Hypoxia and response of human umbilical artery strips to 5-hydroxytryptamine: role of prostaglandin F2 alpha.

1. This article examines the effects of hypoxia on the contractile response of isolated human umbilical artery strips to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). 2. Hypoxic conditions produce a large increase in the contractile response to 5-HT without a significant alteration of the sensitivity evaluated at the level of the pD2 value. Indomethacin (10 microM) reduced hypoxia-induced potentiation of the response to 5-HT and decreased the response to the monoamine under oxygenated conditions. 1-NAME (100 microM) did not further increase the effect of hypoxia on the vessel response to 5-HT and increased the response to 5-HT under oxygenated conditions. 3. Taken together, these results suggest that, at least partially, the response of human umbilical artery strips to 5-HT depends on 5-HT release of a contracting prostanoid which is a product of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Furthermore, during hypoxia in human umbilical artery strips, there appears to be impairment of the basal production and/or release of EDRF/NO. 4. A subthreshold concentration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (1 nM) potentiates the response to 5-HT in indomethacin-pretreated umbilical artery strips. The data raise the possibility that prostaglandin F2 alpha might be the prostanoid released during hypoxia, which in turn potentiates the response of the human umbilical artery to 5-HT.