Distribution of Facial Exposure to Non-melanoma Biologically Effective UV Irradiance Changes by Rotation Angles / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To show the distribution of facial exposure to non-melanoma biologically effective UV irradiance changes by rotation angles.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study selected the cheek, nose, and forehead as representative facial sites for UV irradiance measurements, which were performed using a rotating manikin and a spectroradiometer. The measured UV irradiance was weighted using action spectra to calculate the biologically effective UV irradiances that cause non-melanoma (UVBEnon-mel) skin cancer. The biologically effective UV radiant exposure (HBEnon-mel) was calculated by summing the UVBEnon-mel data collected over the exposure period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study revealed the following: (1) the maximum cheek, nose and forehead exposure UVA and UVB irradiance times and solar elevation angles (SEA) differed from those of the ambient UV irradiance and were influenced by the rotation angles; (2) the UV irradiance exposure increased in the following order: cheek < nose < forehead; (3) the distribution of UVBEnon-mel irradiance differed from that of unweighted UV radiation (UVR) and was influenced by the rotation angles and exposure times; and (4) the maximum percentage decreases in the UVBEnon-mel radiant exposure for the cheek, nose and forehead from 0°to 180°were 48.41%, 69.48% and 71.71%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rotation angles relative to the sun influence the face's exposure to non-melanoma biologically effective UV.</p>

Analysis of intraoperative molecular assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the reliability and application of GeneSearch(TM) breast lymph node assay (Genesearch), a real-time fluorescence quatitative PCR method, in intraoperative assay of metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from breast cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 140 SLNs from 80 patients with breast carcinoma were prospectively studied from May 2010 to August 2010. The 80 patients included 78 women and 2 men who ranged in age from 29 to 85 years, and the median age is 49 years. The expression of CK19 and mammaglobulin in all 140 SLNs were detected by Genesearch, and the results were compared with that of histological evaluation of both frozen and paraffin-embedded sections.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among SLNs, by histological analyses, there were 121 without metastasis, 17 with macrometastasis, 2 with micrometastasis, and none of isolated tumor cell. By Genesearch, there were 119 without metastasis and 21 with metastasis. Genesearch showed sensitivity of 89.4%, positive predictive value of 81.0%, negative predictive value of 98.3% and specificity of 96.7% by comparing to histological analyses. The concordance between Genesearch and histological analysis was 95.7%. The sensitivity of Genesearch was 15/17 for macrometastasis and 2/2 for micrometastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Genesearch detection presents high sensitivity and specificity in evaluating metastasis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer, but strict performance technically is necessary to avoid false positive and false negative results. Inability of further subtyping for the positive cases might be the key limitations for wide application of this method.</p>

Biological markers as predictive factors of response to neoadjuvant taxanes and anthracycline chemotherapy in breast carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an excellent model for evaluation of potential predictive factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of different biological factors in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-five patients treated with 4 cycles of neoadjuvant taxanes and anthracycline were included in this retrospective study. Using pretreatment biopsy materials, immunohistochemical studies were performed for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER-2, Ki-67 and p53 protein expression. The associations among biological markers and clinical and pathological complete response (pCR) were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall clinical response was 86%, including 33% clinical complete response (cCR) and 53% clinical partial response. The pCR was just 17%. In the univariate analysis, only HER-2 overexpression was predictive of cCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.018). No significant associations between other biological factors and cCR were found. Absence of ER, PgR expression and overexpression of HER-2 were predictive of the pCR (P=0.002, 0.001, 0.01, respectively). Ki-67 and p53 failed to show an association with pCR. In multivariate analysis, overexpression of HER-2 remained as an independent variable in predicting the cCR (P=0.021). However, negative ER was the only parameter that maintained statistical significance in predicting the pCR (P=0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with overexpression of HER-2 and negative hormonal receptor status are much more likely to respond to neoadjuvant taxane and anthracycline chemotherapy than those with the opposite characteristics. These factors could serve as predictive markers for this regimen.</p>

The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in breast carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples were obtained from 31 patients with breast carcinoma who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, ER or PR expressions were analyzed in preoperative core biopsies and final surgical specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ER level was up-regulated in 13 (41.9%) out of 31 cases, PR level was up-regulated in 10 (32.3%). Both ER level and PR level were up-regulated in 8 (25.8%) out of 31 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may impact the hormone receptor status, ER and PR expression re-analysis in final surgical specimens is recommended.</p>

Expression and significance of estrogen receptor isoforms in the development of human breast carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the estrogen receptors (ER)alpha and ERbeta expression and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters in human breast carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples were obtained from 30 breast carcinoma, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ERalpha mRNA level was up-regulated in breast carcinoma tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue (t = 7.399, P < 0.01) while down-regulated in ERbeta. The relative ratio of ERalpha and ERbeta was decreased in normal tissue vs. carcinoma (t = 6.385, P < 0.01), in patients with lymph node metastasis vs. those without lymph node metastasis (t = 2.602, P < 0.05), in late stage carcinoma vs. early stage (t = 3.754, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ERalpha and ERbeta play divergent role in the development of human breast carcinoma.</p>