Rising Readmission Rates After Diabetic Ketoacidosis Hospitalization Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Throughout a Decade in the United States.

Research on longitudinal trends in readmission rates after diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is lacking. This retrospective study was aimed at identifying trends in readmissions after hospitalization for DKA, as well as trends in outcomes after readmission, over time among adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States. Findings indicate that the DKA readmission rate increased from 53 to 73 events per 100,000 between 2010 to 2018, and low-income and uninsured patients had higher odds of readmission. There was no significant change in mortality after readmission over time. Improved access to care and affordable management options may play a crucial role in preventing readmissions.

A decade of hospitalizations for hyperthyroidism in the US.

The goal of this study was to examine healthcare burden, hospitalizations, mortality, and healthcare cost utilization from hyperthyroidism to further our understanding of the effect of changes in thyroid disease management over the past decade. This was a retrospective longitudinal trends study involving hospitalizations for hyperthyroidism in the US from 2008 to 2018. We trended crude hospitalization rate, estimated incidence of hospitalizations, trends in inpatient mortality rate, mean length of hospital stay, and mean total hospital cost of patients with hyperthyroidism. The number of hyperthyroid hospitalizations decreased from 12,689 in 2008 to 9110 in 2018 (28.2%) (P trend <0.001), with a decrease of crude hospitalization rate from 33 to 25 per 100,000 hospitalizations. The estimated incidence rate of hospitalization in patients with hyperthyroidism decreased from 441 to 288 per 100,000 adults with hyperthyroidism. There was, however, no difference in adjusted mortality in hospitalizations over the study period. Although there has been a significant reduction in hospitalizations due to hyperthyroidism in the US, there has been no significant change in mortality during hospitalizations. This may represent improving outpatient management of hyperthyroidism. However, this improvement has not translated to outcomes in the hospital setting.

Identification of Essential Genes Using Sequential CRISPR and siRNA Screens.

Genome-wide CRISPR and siRNA screening methodologies are powerful tools that are aptly suited to the discovery of essential genes. In this chapter, we outline our methods to conduct sequential CRISPR and siRNA screens to quickly and efficiently identify essential genes within a collection of cell lines. The utilization of both screening methodologies provides a pipeline that minimizes costs and time while enabling the robust detection of candidate genes.

Pressure-Stable Imprinted Polymers for Waste Water Remediation.

In wastewater treatment, the removal of heavy metal ions is difficult. Ion exchange resins are ineffective since heavy metal ions cannot compete with "hard ions" in binding to the resins. Imprinting polymerization can increase the specificity of ion exchange resins to allow heavy metal ions to compete. Unfortunately, a high capacity is also needed. When high porosity and surface area are used to increase capacity, polymeric resins lose pressure stability needed for water treatment. In this research, a bulky, hydrophobic co-monomer was used to prevent Zn+2 imprinted sites from collapsing. Both the co-monomer and crosslinking density were optimized to allow for maximum pore access while maintaining pressure stability. IR and SEM studies were used to study phase separation of the hydrophobic co-monomer from the hydrophilic resin. Capacity was measured for just the imprinting ion first, and then in combination with a competing ion and compared with porosity and pore-size measurements. Capacity under pressure was also characterized. A resin with high capacity was identified that allowed for the heavy metal ion to compete while still maintaining pressure stability.