RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Third molar extraction is one of the most common procedures performed by oral surgeons, however with rare complications. The accidental displacement of a maxillary third molar into the infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a rare complication that can occur even with experienced surgeons. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 17-year-old patient whose right upper third molar was accidentally pushed to the ITF associated with a cellulitis and the late discovery of a textiloma (a surgical gauze). CONCLUSIONS: Extraction of third molars is a safe surgical procedure when performed in appropriate conditions. The diagnosis of textiloma following a maxillo-facial surgery is extremely rare. It is important to take into account this possibility in order to avoid delaying treatment when it occurs.