Electrocatalytic removal of fluroquinolones from simulated pharmaceutical effluent: Chemometric analysis, chemical blueprint of electrodes and generated sludge.

Electrocatalytic removal of fluroquinolones from simulated pharmaceutical effluent is studied in this work. The effects of parameters like NaCl concentration, pH and initial concentration of Ofloxacin were studied. The synergistic effect of H2O2 on the degradation of Ofloxacin paves the way to move towards radical based chemistry. The process was modelled and statistically evaluated through Central Composite Design approach towards the maximum concentration of Ofloxacin degraded (for 0.8 mM) as 0.46 mM at pH-3.0 and the concentration of H2O2 at 0.2 mM. The model was analyzed mathematically and observed as saddle response based on canonical and ridge analysis. The process follows pseudo first order kinetics with k = 0.047 min-1 and reaction rate of 13.6 mg.L-1.min-1. The mineralization efficiency of the process was studied using Total Organic Carbon analysis and 76.5% removal efficiency was obtained on the simulated pharmaceutical effluent containing Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. The crystal structure of the green and red colour sludge was determined by XRD to be lepidocrocite (a = 3.87 Å, b = 12.4 Å, c = 3.06 Å) and gupeiite (a = 5.6620 Å), respectively. The elemental composition of sludge and electrodes were found using SEM-EDX. Morphological change in electrode surface was determined using roughness plot.

Can human overcome viral hijack-? Comprehensive review on COVID-19 in the view of diagnosis and mitigation across countries.

The novel COVID-19, a pandemic disease, is showing an alarming spread and severity throughout the world. Globally, the community transmission of this disease is affecting people in large clusters and so it is necessary to mitigate and control them in order to minimise the social and economic consequences. This review emphasize on the origin of the coronoviral epidemics, discussion on the structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, pathognomonic symptoms, fatality, available rapid diagnostic methods and proposed possible treatment methods for the treatment of COVID-19. The diagnostic markers with respect to genetic material of the virus based on PCR, CRISPR & APTAMER and with respect to proteins based on Antigens were discussed which provides new arena for the development. In control of a pandemic situation the policy adoption and implementation by the governments plays a major role and the policy implementation in different countries are discussed which establishes the effectiveness of the policies framed by the governments. The effectiveness of ethnic traditional medicines of various countries such as India and China in Immunity enhancement, along with their utilisation is also discussed. This review provides an insights towards the COVID-19 which helps in continuous investigation on different dimensions which could help us to understand the mysteries behind the havoc created by this invisible creature.