RESUMO
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a very important fungal disease that affects small grain cereals worldwide. This disease not only causes yield loses but also crops contamination with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex have been described as the main causal agents of this disease, however lately there have been few reports of Fusarium cerealis causing the disease in wheat and barley in different parts of the world. This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and also mycotoxin production in planta. Moreover, the mycotoxin profile of F. cerealis strains was characterized molecularly and chemically. All durum wheat cultivars showed typical FHB symptoms but the disease severity varied among them in levels up to 66%. In addition, seventeen different compounds were detected in the infected heads including DON, NIV and nivalenol-3-ß-d-glucose (NIV3G). NIV was detected in all cultivars and was the most produced mycotoxin with levels ranging from 1.04 to 6.8 mg/kg. On the other hand, the molecular analysis of F. cerealis strains showed that all of them possessed NIV genotype while the chemical assessment showed that the strains were able to produce not only this toxin in vitro but also DON, zearalenone and other twenty-one secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the possible contamination of crops with the mycotoxins that it produces are of great concern for food security and world cereal trade since it has been reported that NIV is more toxic for humans and animals than DON.
Assuntos
Fusarium/metabolismo , Micotoxinas/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Triticum/microbiologia , Grão Comestível/microbiologia , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fusarium/genética , Genótipo , Hordeum/química , Hordeum/microbiologia , Tricotecenos/análise , Tricotecenos/metabolismo , Triticum/química , Zearalenona/análise , Zearalenona/metabolismoRESUMO
Giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis in patients aged over 50 years. We report an 89-year-old woman with significant weight loss and persistent frontal-occipital headaches lasting two months. The neurological examination at admission identified a decrease in visual acuity of the left eye, paralysis of the third cranial nerve of the right eye and alterations of body motility without objective signs of damage of the motor or sensitive pathways. Magnetic resonance imaging showed changes of the temporal artery wall and in both vertebral arteries, as well as bilateral cerebellar and occipital ischemic lesions. The Doppler ultrasound of the temporal arteries was compatible with Giant cell arteritis. Treatment with steroids was started. While receiving oral prednisone, the patient suffered new infarcts of the posterior territory, documented with a CAT scan.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arterite de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Oculomotor/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias Temporais/diagnóstico por imagem , Arterite de Células Gigantes/etiologia , Arterite de Células Gigantes/patologia , Artéria Basilar/patologia , Artéria Vertebral/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/etiologia , Doenças do Nervo Oculomotor/patologia , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler/métodos , Nervo Oculomotor/patologiaRESUMO
Giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis in patients aged over 50 years. We report an 89-year-old woman with significant weight loss and persistent frontal-occipital headaches lasting two months. The neurological examination at admission identified a decrease in visual acuity of the left eye, paralysis of the third cranial nerve of the right eye and alterations of body motility without objective signs of damage of the motor or sensitive pathways. Magnetic resonance imaging showed changes of the temporal artery wall and in both vertebral arteries, as well as bilateral cerebellar and occipital ischemic lesions. The Doppler ultrasound of the temporal arteries was compatible with Giant cell arteritis. Treatment with steroids was started. While receiving oral prednisone, the patient suffered new infarcts of the posterior territory, documented with a CAT scan.