Trends in transport accident mortality from 1999 to 2013 in Navarra. Characteristics of people and vehicles involved / Evolución de la mortalidad por accidentes de transporte en Navarra durante 1999-2013. Características de las personas y vehículos involucrados.

Objective. To analyze transport accident mortality trends in Navarra, a region in the North of Spain, between 1999 and 2013 and assess the effect of the Demerit Point System. Methods. Cause of death coding was done according to ICD-10 with information from the medical death certificate and forensic reports. Mortality rates by age, sex, type of victim and residence (urban/rural) were calculated. We performed an ARIMA Box and Jenkins analysis to estimate the effect on mortality rates due to transport accidents of the Demerit Point System, which had been introduced in Spain in July 2006. Results. From January 1st 1999 to December 31st 2013, 1,052 deaths were registered, 1,044 of which were from accidents involving ground transport vehicles (1,020 from road traffic accidents and 24 from non-road traffic accidents). Mortality rates were higher in men and people aged 18-24 and 65-84. Most of the deaths amongst younger men and adults occurred in drivers, while fatalities occurring in those older than 84 years were mostly in pedestrians. Men and women living in rural areas had a mortality risk from transport accident 33% and 21% higher than people living in urban areas. Since the introduction of the Demerit Point System, mortality rates have fallen by 51%. Conclusions. Mortality statistics for Navarra show the effectiveness of preventive strategies designed in Spain during recent years.

Evolución de la mortalidad por accidentes de transporte en Navarra durante 1999-2013. Características de las personas y vehículos involucrados / Trends in transport accident mortality from 1999 to 2013 in Navarra. Characteristics of people and vehicles involved

Fundamento: Se analizan las tendencias de la mortalidad por accidentes de transporte entre 1999 y 2013 y se evalúa el impacto de la introducción del permiso de conducción por puntos en Navarra. Material y métodos: Los datos para la realización de este estudio proceden de los ficheros de defunciones según la causa de muerte que anualmente publica el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). La codificación de la causa de defunción se realizó con la CIE-10, a partir de la información de los documentos estadísticos de defunción y los informes forenses. Se calcularon tasas por edad, sexo, tipo de víctima, tipo de accidente y residencia (urbano/rural). Para estimar el efecto de la ley del permiso de conducción por puntos que entró en vigor en julio de 2006 se utilizó un modelo ARIMA de Box and Jenkins de series temporales. Resultados: Se registraron un total de 1.052 fallecimientos por accidentes de transporte, de los cuales 1.044 fueron de vehículos de transporte terrestre (1.020 por accidentes de tráfico y 24 por accidentes no de tráfico). Entre los jóvenes, destaca la mortalidad en conductores de vehículo de motor; mientras que entre los mayores de 84 años, las víctimas fueron en mayor proporción peatones. Los hombres y mujeres residentes en zonas rurales presentaron tasas de mortalidad un 33% y un 21% más elevadas. Tras la instauración del permiso de conducción por puntos, la tasa de mortalidad por accidente de tráfico descendió un 51%. Conclusiones: Las estadísticas de mortalidad de Navarra muestran la efectividad de las estrategias preventivas organizadas en España (AU)

Objective: To analyze transport accident mortality trends in Navarra, a region in the North of Spain, between 1999 and 2013 and assess the effect of the Demerit Point System. Methods: Cause of death coding was done according to ICD-10 with information from the medical death certificate and forensic reports. Mortality rates by age, sex, type of victim and residence (urban/rural) were calculated. We performed an ARIMA Box and Jenkins analysis to estimate the effect on mortality rates due to transport accidents of the Demerit Point System, which had been introduced in Spain in July 2006. Results: From January 1st 1999 to December 31st 2013, 1,052 deaths were registered, 1,044 of which were from accidents involving ground transport vehicles (1,020 from road traffic accidents and 24 from non-road traffic accidents). Mortality rates were higher in men and people aged 18-24 and 65-84. Most of the deaths amongst younger men and adults occurred in drivers, while fatalities occurring in those older than 84 years were mostly in pedestrians. Men and women living in rural areas had a mortality risk from transport accident 33% and 21% higher than people living in urban areas. Since the introduction of the Demerit Point System, mortality rates have fallen by 51%. Conclusions: Mortality statistics for Navarra show the effectiveness of preventive strategies designed in Spain during recent years (AU)

Estado nutricional de la población infantil en Asturias (Estudio ESNUPI-AS): delgadez, sobrepeso, obesidad y talla baja / Nutritional status of children population in Asturias (SNUPI-AS study): thinness, overweight, obesity and stunting

Objetivos: valorar el estado de nutrición de los niños menores de quince años del Principado de Asturias, identificando los que tienen parámetros alterados, por exceso o defecto, y devolver la información obtenida a pediatras y gestores. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. Población diana: menores de 15 años de Asturias nacidos entre 1995 y 2012. Fuente de datos: historia clínica informatizada de Atención Primaria. Variables: último peso y talla registrados, fecha de medida y de nacimiento, sexo, y códigos de área, zona básica y pediatra del niño. Indicadores calculados: peso/edad; talla/edad; índice de masa corporal (IMC)/edad y peso/longitud (< cinco años). Patrones de comparación utilizados: estándares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y se han utilizado los software ANTHRO y ANTHROPLUS. Se calcularon para cada niño la desviación estándar (DE) según edad y sexo para el IMC/edad, talla/edad y peso/edad; (Z-standard) y las prevalencias de cada variable ajustadas por edad y sexo. Resultados y conclusiones: se obtuvo una base neta con 89 989 registros: el 50,98% niños y el 49,02% niñas. Presentaron baja talla el 1,8%, normopeso el 66,56%, sobrepeso el 22,5%, obesidad el 10,9%, obesidad grave el 1,9% y delgadez el 1,1%.Por sexos, la tasa de obesidades mayor en niños (12,4) que en niñas (9,2). Por edades, la tasa de exceso de peso fue mayor en los niños de entre 10 y 14 años (41,9). Los niños de entre cinco y nueve años presentaron las mayores tasas de obesidad (15,1) y obesidad grave (3,7). Las diferencias de prevalencia de exceso de peso entre las68 zonas básicas estudiadas llegan hasta 20 puntos; su conocimiento permitirá establecer las zonas prioritarias de intervención (AU)

Objectives: to assess the nutritional status of children under fifteen years old of the Principality of Asturias, identifying those parameters altered by excess or defect and to return the information obtained to pediatricians and managers. Methods: retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. Target population: children under 15 years old of Asturias born between 1995 and 2012. Data source: computerized records at primary care clinic. Variables: last recorded weight and size, extent and date of birth, gender, and codes: area, base area and pediatrician. Indicators calculated: weight/age; size/age; body mass index (BMI)/age and weight/length (

[Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Pamplona and Logroño (cities in the North of Spain) in the 1996-2007 period]. / Desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad en Pamplona y Logroño en el periodo 1996-2007.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe inequalities in mortality in the cities of Logroño and Pamplona, using a socioeconomic privation index by census tract. METHODS: Deaths were geocoded using the mailing address of the Death Statistics Bulletin and, in its absence, that of the Spanish Municipal Register or the Spanish Health Card. The socioeconomic variables used to construct the deprivation index were obtained from the Spanish Population and Housing Census of 2001. Census tracts were grouped by socioeconomic deprivation quintiles. In each quintile, age-adjusted mortality rates were computed by sex and age group (0-64, ≥ 65). RESULTS: In both cities, higher mortality rates were observed in the geographical areas with higher socio-economic deprivation. This was particularly evident among men under 65 for whom a positive gradient between mortality and the deprivation index was observed. The areas with higher deprivation reached a relative risk (RR) of 1.61 (CI 95%, 1, 33-1, 92) and 1.77 (CI 95%, 1, 55-2 01) in Pamplona and Logroño respectively. Among women under 65, a RR of 1.44 (CI 95%, 1, 18-1, 74) and 1.48 (CI 95%, 1, 10-1, 95) were shown for the most depressed areas of Pamplona and Logroño respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlighted inequalities in mortality associated with socioeconomic deprivation in the cities of Logroño and Pamplona. Also showed was the utility of analysing socio-economic indicators and mortality by small areas in order to identify inequality in health.

Desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad en Pamplona y Logroño en el periodo 1996-2007 / Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Pamplona and Logroño (cities in the North of Spain) in the 1996-2007 period

Fundamento. Describir las desigualdades en mortalidad en Logroño y Pamplona, ciudades del norte de España, utilizando un indicador de privación socioeconómica por secciones censales. Métodos. Para geocodificar la residencia de los fallecidos en base a las unidades censales se utilizó la dirección postal del Boletín Estadístico de Defunción y en su defecto la del Padrón Municipal o Tarjeta Sanitaria. Las variables socioeconómicas que componen el índice de privación se obtuvieron del Censo de Población y Vivienda de 2001. Se agruparon las secciones censales por quintiles de menor a mayor privación socioeconómica y se calcularon tasas ajustadas para la mortalidad total y para una lista de causas por sexo, grupo de edad (0-64,≥ 65) y quintil del índice de privación socioeconómico. Resultados. La comparación de la mortalidad de las zonas con menor privación socioeconómica respecto a zonas geográficas con mayor privación mostró en ambas ciudades una mayor mortalidad principalmente entre los hombres menores de 65 años. En este subgrupo se observó un gradiente positivo entre la mortalidad y el índice de privación. Las zonas situadas en el quintil de mayor privación alcanzaron un riesgo relativo (RR) de 1,61 (IC 95%, 1,33-1,92) en Pamplona y de 1,77 (IC 95%, 1,55-2,01) en Logroño. Las mujeres menores de 65 años mostraron un RR de 1,44 (IC 95%, 1,18-1,74) y de1,48 (IC 95%, 1,10-1,95) en las zonas situadas en el quintil de mayor privación de Pamplona y Logroño, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El estudio evidenció desigualdades en mortalidad asociadas a la privación socioeconómica en las ciudades de Logroño y Pamplona. También mostró la utilidad de los indicadores socioeconómicos y de mortalidad a nivel de área pequeña para identificar desigualdades en salud (AU)

Background. The objective of this study was to describe inequalities in mortality in the cities of Logroño and Pamplona, using a socioeconomic privation index by census tract. Methods. Deaths were geocoded using the mailing address of the Death Statistics Bulletin and, in its absence, that of the Spanish Municipal Register or the Spanish Health Card. The socioeconomic variables used to construct the deprivation index were obtained from the Spanish Population and Housing Census of 2001. Census tracts were grouped by socioeconomic deprivation quintiles. In each quintile, age-adjusted mortality rates were computed by sex and age group (0-64, ≥ 65). Results. In both cities, higher mortality rates were observed in the geographical areas with higher socio-economic deprivation. This was particularly evident among men under65 for whom a positive gradient between mortality and the deprivation index was observed. The areas with higher deprivation reached a relative risk (RR) of 1.61 (CI 95%, 1,33-1, 92) and 1.77 (CI 95%, 1, 55-2 01) in Pamplona and Logroño respectively. Among women under 65, a RR of 1.44 (CI95%, 1, 18-1, 74) and 1.48 (CI 95%, 1, 10-1, 95) were shown for the most depressed areas of Pamplona and Logroño respectively. Conclusions. The study highlighted inequalities in mortality associated with socioeconomic deprivation in the cities of Logroño and Pamplona. Also showed was the utility of analysing socio-economic indicators and mortality by small areas in order to identify inequality in health (AU)