RESUMO
Se pretende con esta práctica iniciar al alumno de Farmacia que cursa la asignatura de GeologíaAplicada, en las técnicas más novedosas de cristalización de macromoléculas biológicas. ¿Por qué leconviene al alumno realizar esta práctica? Porque la determinación de las estructuras de lasmacromoléculas biológicas y de otras muchas sustancias de interés sanitario, se realiza en laactualidad principalmente por difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y el primer paso de esta técnica escristalizarlas, lo que es realmente difícil de realizar. Para ello empleamos los dispositivos GCB(Granada Crystallization Box) desarrollados y patentados por uno de los autores, que sirven pararealizar estos experimentos de forma fácil y económica. Durante el curso 2009-2010 se han realizadopor primera vez este tipo de prácticas en la Facultad de Farmacia de Granada con un rotundo éxito yqueremos extrapolar nuestra experiencia a todas las Facultades de Farmacia que participen en estecongreso. Se le enseña al alumno la importancia que tiene la Biocristalografía para conocer lasestructuras cristalinas de antibióticos, hormonas, proteínas y principios activos de medicamentos.Muchos Premios Nóbel de Química y Medicina que han hecho avanzar disciplinas como la BiologíaMolecular y Estructural son cristalógrafos. La Biocristalografía es, por tanto, una ciencia básica parala investigación puntera, apoyo imprescindible para muchas asignaturas troncales. Una Facultad queno contemple estos estudios como obligatorios está descuidando la formación de sus alumnos(AU)
The aim of this practice on Biocrystallography is to introduce pharmacy students learning GeologyApplied to Pharmacy, in the latest techniques of crystallization of biological macromolecules(especially proteins). Students should improve this practice because the determination of the structuresof biological macromolecules and other substances of interest in Pharmacy, are now carried out by Xraydiffraction. A first step in this technique is crystallization of these molecules, and this matter isreally difficult. We use a GCB devices (Granada Crystallization Box) developed and patented by oneof the authors, to perform such experiments easily and inexpensively. This practice was firstperformed in the period 2009-2010 obtaining a great success and we want to extrapolate ourexperience to all pharmacy schools participating in this conference. We teach the students theimportance of Biocrystallography to know the structures of antibiotics, hormones, proteins and activeingredients of drugs. Many Nobel Laureates in Chemistry and Medicine, with have advanceddisciplines such as Molecular and Structural Biology, are crystallographers. The Biocrystallography istherefore a basic discipline to conduct first class research and is also a support for many otherimportant subjects. A Faculty that has not granted obligatorily such studies neglects the education oftheir students(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estágio Clínico/métodos , Cristalização/métodos , Estudantes de Farmácia , Educação em Farmácia/métodos , Geologia/educação , Biologia Molecular/educação , Cristalografia/métodos , CristalografiaRESUMO
El estudio de las materias primas farmacéuticas y cosméticas de origen mineral, sus propiedades,métodos de investigación específicos, normas de obligado cumplimiento para el uso y otros nuevosámbitos y aplicaciones de carácter sanitario que se han ido abriendo con el desarrollo de la Ciencia yla Técnica durante las últimas décadas, ha sido una asignatura de obligada impartición en los estudiosde Farmacia hasta la implantación del Nuevo Grado auspiciado por la puesta en práctica del PlanBolonia.En esta Comunicación se relata la historia de la asignatura, sus diferentes denominaciones y profesoresque ha tenido; se analizan en detalle sus contenidos científicos actuales y sus retos futuros: Todo elloen el marco del papel jugado hasta el presente en la Facultad de Farmacia en la formación delfarmacéutico, y para componer una base científica y argumental, que permita analizar objetivamente lasituación actual y las perspectivas futuras(AU)
The study of pharmaceutical and cosmetic mineral raw materials, their properties, their specificresearch methods, regulating norms and test for their use, and other new applications for the humanhealth that have been opened during the last decades owing to the development of Science andTechnology, has been a obligatory subject of teaching in the Pharmacy studies of the GranadaUniversity until the implantation of the new studies of Grade promoted by the Bologna Process.This communication relates the history of the subject "Applied Geology to Pharmacy", their differentdenominations and Professors who have had, analyzes in detail the current scientific content and itsfuture lines of research and challenges. All these discussions in the context of the role that has playeduntil today in the Faculty of Pharmacy as in the training of pharmaceutics. And to compose a scientificbasis and line of thinking, which allows to objectively analyze the current situation and future of thesubject "Applied Geology to Pharmacy"(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Geologia/educação , Educação em Farmácia/métodos , Indústria Cosmética , Tecnologia de Cosméticos , Educação em Farmácia/organização & administração , Educação em Farmácia/tendências , Ciências do Solo/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Cristalografia/métodosRESUMO
A study has been carried out on the possible pharmaceutical use of 4 spanish talcs by direct estimation of the mineral purity by means of X-ray diffraction techniques, chemical analysis and quantification of some physico-chemical properties. There is a high level of talc in the samples 2 and 4, except in the talc 1 and the talc 3, with a relatively high content of chlorides. Quartz, calcite, feldspar, smectite, inter-stratified phases, kaolinite, amphibole, muscovite and dolomite are other contaminating minerals. The negative effects of these minerals on the pharmaceutical use of the talc include changes in the physical properties (colour), in the chemical ones (contained in heavy metals) as well as in the physico-chemical ones (adsorption properties). The data concerning cation exchange capacity and total specific surface are slightly higher than those concerning the pure mineral, and this is due to the occurrence of some contaminating minerals.
Assuntos
Talco/análise , Química Farmacêutica , Cloretos/análise , Cloretos/classificação , Troca Iônica , Minerais/análise , Espanha , Talco/farmacologiaRESUMO
A study has been carried out on the possible pharmaceutical use of spanish talcs following the normalized assays of the main european pharmacopoeia and other quantitative methods. Only the talc nr3, not processed, meets all the assays of pharmacopoeia. The samples 2 and 4 (crushed) exceed the highest tolerated content in chlorides. The talc 1 (also crushed) only meets the loss on drying. The measures of some of these assays by using quantitative methods lead to more correct results and even sometimes in opposition with those obtained by pharmacopoeia methods. The particle size estimated by shifting and sedimentation shows that the crushed talcs are silty, whereas the only talc not processed is sandy. Considering the medium sizes estimated by scanning microscopy, it can be said that the pulverization of the talcs 1, 2 and 4 is characteristic of a micronization.
