Strategies and behaviors used by mothers in interactions with their young children during a mealtime in peri-urban areas of Huánuco, Peru.

This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding about different strategies used by mothers to feed their 6-23-month-old children, as well as to learn about mothers' behaviors in response to situations of food refusal by her child, in order to generate evidence that contributes to the information gap on responsive feeding in Peru. The study was conducted in the city of Huánuco, a peri-urban area of Peru, with mothers of children in the complementary feeding stage participating. An in-depth 5-hour home observation was conducted in eight mother-child dyads. Both the mothers' and children's mealtime and food-related behaviors were coded and an inductive thematic analysis was applied. The primary objective of many of the strategies used by the mothers was to get their child to eat a little more. Six strategies were identified: pressure, encouragement, facilitating intake, acceptance, negotiation and reasoning. Certain differences were found in the strategies employed by the mother according to the age of her child, with mothers of younger children using more encouragement and mothers of older children using more pressure for their child to eat. The mothers' behavior in response to the child's refusal of food was both responsive and non-responsive (controlling), depending on the reason for the refusal. The findings are of great value for understanding about the feeding interactions of mother-child dyads in Peru and they start to address the information gap and can support the development of nutritional intervention strategies for use with children.

Perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals on the guideline of management and treatment of anemia among children under 3 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Percepciones y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud sobre la aplicación de la norma de manejo y tratamiento de la anemia en menores de tres años durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE.: To understand the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals on the application of the guideline for the management and treatment of anemia in children under 3 years old, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in metropolitan Lima, 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Phenomenological design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals: physicians, nurses and nutritionists working at the first level of care in the Ministry of Health in Lima, Peru. The interviews were conducted virtually with the participants, all of whom worked face-to-face in services providing care to children under 3 years old. Data analysis was thematic and NVivo software was used for coding. RESULTS.: A total of 33 interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. Four themes emerged about the guideline: its feasibility, perceived imperfections, challenges in implementing it, and prospects for improvement. The health professionals interviewed perceived the guideline to be feasible to implement, but there were gaps in the indications that should have been more explicit. Nevertheless, they expressed their challenges and expectations for improvement. CONCLUSIONS.: Healthcare professionals perceived that it was feasible to use the guideline and emphasized their experiences overcoming perceived difficulties and weaknesses in the guidelines for anemia management and treatment.

OBJETIVOS.: Comprender las percepciones y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud sobre la aplicación de la directiva para el manejo y tratamiento de anemia en niños menores de tres años, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Lima Metropolitana, año 2020. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio de diseño fenomenológico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales a profesionales de salud: médicos, enfermeras y nutricionistas que trabajaban en el primer nivel de atención en el Ministerio de Salud de Lima, Perú. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo en forma virtual. Todos laboraban en forma presencial en servicios de atención a niños menores de tres años. El análisis de datos fue temático, para las codificaciones se utilizó el software NVivo. RESULTADOS.: Se realizaron 33 entrevistas a profesionales de la salud, entre noviembre de 2020 a enero de 2021. Surgieron cuatro temas emergentes sobre la norma: su factibilidad, imperfecciones percibidas, los desafíos para implementarla y las perspectivas de mejora. Los profesionales entrevistados percibieron que la norma era factible de ejecutarla, pero presentaba vacíos en las indicaciones que deberían estar más explícitos los aspectos del manejo y tratamiento de la anemia. A pesar de ello dieron a conocer sus desafíos y expectativas de mejora. CONCLUSIONES.: Los encuestados percibieron que fue factible utilizar la norma y destacaron sus experiencias para lograr superar las dificultades pese a encontrar vacíos en la normativa para el manejo y tratamiento de la anemia.

Percepciones y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud sobre la aplicación de la norma de manejo y tratamiento de la anemia en menores de tres años durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals on the guideline of management and treatment of anemia among children under 3 years of age during the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivos. Comprender las percepciones y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud sobre la aplicación de la directiva para el manejo y tratamiento de anemia en niños menores de tres años, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 en Lima Metropolitana, año 2020. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de diseño fenomenológico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales a profesionales de salud: médicos, enfermeras y nutricionistas que trabajaban en el primer nivel de atención en el Ministerio de Salud de Lima, Perú. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo en forma virtual. Todos laboraban en forma presencial en servicios de atención a niños menores de tres años. El análisis de datos fue temático, para las codificaciones se utilizó el software NVivo. Resultados. Se realizaron 33 entrevistas a profesionales de la salud, entre noviembre de 2020 a enero de 2021. Surgieron cuatro temas emergentes sobre la norma: su factibilidad, imperfecciones percibidas, los desafíos para implementarla y las perspectivas de mejora. Los profesionales entrevistados percibieron que la norma era factible de ejecutarla, pero presentaba vacíos en las indicaciones que deberían estar más explícitos los aspectos del manejo y tratamiento de la anemia. A pesar de ello dieron a conocer sus desafíos y expectativas de mejora. Conclusiones. Los encuestados percibieron que fue factible utilizar la norma y destacaron sus experiencias para lograr superar las dificultades pese a encontrar vacíos en la normativa para el manejo y tratamiento de la anemia.

ABSTRACT Objective. To understand the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals on the application of the guideline for the management and treatment of anemia in children under 3 years old, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in metropolitan Lima, 2020. Materials and methods. Phenomenological design. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals: physicians, nurses and nutritionists working at the first level of care in the Ministry of Health in Lima, Peru. The interviews were conducted virtually with the participants, all of whom worked face-to-face in services providing care to children under 3 years old. Data analysis was thematic and NVivo software was used for coding. Results. A total of 33 interviews with healthcare professionals were conducted between November 2020 and January 2021. Four themes emerged about the guideline: its feasibility, perceived imperfections, challenges in implementing it, and prospects for improvement. The health professionals interviewed perceived the guideline to be feasible to implement, but there were gaps in the indications that should have been more explicit. Nevertheless, they expressed their challenges and expectations for improvement. Conclusions. Healthcare professionals perceived that it was feasible to use the guideline and emphasized their experiences overcoming perceived difficulties and weaknesses in the guidelines for anemia management and treatment.

Factores asociados al estado y al riesgo nutricional en adultos mayores de establecimientos de atención primaria

Introducción. La población peruana está envejeciendo y ello viene asociado al deterioro de la salud. Dicho proceso puede ser retardado o acelerado dependiendo del estado nutricional. Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados al estado y al riesgo nutricional en un grupo de personas adultas mayores. Métodos. Se encuestaron 265 adultos mayores, libres de deterioro cognitivo y capaces de comunicarse, atendidos en centros de atención primaria. Se aplicó el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) y se midieron peso, talla, circunferencia de brazo y de pantorrilla. Las categorías del MNA según puntaje fueron: 'malnutrido' 23,5 'normal'. También se evaluó el estado nutricional según índice de masa corporal (IMC) con dos diferentes puntos de corte. Resultados. El 79% de los encuestados fueron mujeres; el 46% tuvo entre 70 y 79 años. Según el MNA sólo una persona tuvo 'malnutrición', el 32,4% tuvieron 'riesgo de malnutrición'. En cambio, según el IMC, el 50% tuvo exceso de peso según punto de corte de la OPS y más del 80% tuvo exceso de peso según el punto de corte de la OMS. Se encontró un mayor puntaje del MNA en los hombres, y el 'riesgo de malnutrición' estuvo asociado a un mayor consumo de medicamentos. Conclusiones. El estado nutricional de la mitad de adultos mayores fue de exceso de peso según IMC con los puntos de corte de la OPS y un tercio de ellos tuvieron riesgo de malnutrición según el instrumento MNA.

Introduction. The Peruvian population is aging and this is associated with the deterioration of health. This process can be slowed or accelerated depending on the nutritional status. Objectives. To determine the factors associated with nutritional status and nutritional risk in a group of older adults. Methods. 265 older adults, free of cognitive impairment and able to communicate, were surveyed, cared for in primary care centers. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test was applied and weight, height, arm, and calf circumference were measured. According to the score, the categories of the MNA were: 'malnourished' 23.5 'normal'. The nutritional status was also evaluated according to body mass index (BMI) with different cut-off points. Results. 79% of the respondents were women; 46% were between 70 and 79 years old. According to the MNA, only one person had 'malnutrition', 32.4% had 'risk of malnutrition'. In contrast, according to the BMI, 50% were overweight according to the PAHO cut-off point and more than 80% were overweight according to the WHO cut-off point. A higher MNA score was found in men, and the 'Risk of malnutrition' was associated with higher consumption of medications. Conclusions. The nutritional status of half of the elderly was overweight according to BMI with the PAHO cut-off points, and a third of them had a risk of malnutrition according to the MNA instrument.

Prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal en un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú

Introducción. La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que se caracteriza por un deterioro persistente y progresivo de la función renal. En etapa avanzada es necesaria la terapia de reemplazo renal que desencadena una serie de trastornos metabólicos y nutricionales. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal atendidos en un hospital nacional en Lima, Perú. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en pacientes con ERC, mediante entrevistas y mediciones antropométricas. Se utilizó el score de malnutrición e inflamación (MIS) para la evaluación del estado nutricional. Resultados. Se evaluaron 155 pacientes con ERC terminal, 106 (68,4%) fueron varones. La prevalencia de desnutrición fue de 36%; y para el síndrome de desgaste proteico energético fue de 74%. Conclusiones. Se encontró un porcentaje considerable de pacientes desnutridos, que podría ser consecuencia de diversos factores que convergen en esta patología; las más vulnerables al desarrollo de este síndrome complejo fueron las mujeres.

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem characterized by a persistent and progressive deterioration of kidney function. In advanced stage, renal replacement therapy is necessary, which triggers a series of metabolic and nutritional disorders. Objective. To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with terminal chronic kidney disease treated at a national hospital in Lima, Peru. Method. A descriptive study was carried out in patients with CKD, through interviews and anthropometric measurements. The malnutrition and inflammation score (MIS) was used to assess nutritional status. Results. 155 patients with terminal CKD were evaluated, 106 (68.4%) were men. The prevalence of malnutrition was 36%; and for the protein-energy wasting syndrome it was 74%. Conclusions. A considerable percentage of malnourished patients was found, which could be the consequence of various factors that converge in this pathology; the most vulnerable to the development of this complex syndrome were women.

Riesgo cardiovascular en una población escolar con exceso de peso / Cardiovascular risk in a school population with excess weight

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares con exceso de peso y medir su asociación con variables sociodemográficas. Métodos. Estudio transversal, analítico. Se encuestó a 2001 escolares mujeres de 6 a 17 años de un Centro Educativo de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizó el índice de masa corporal para el diagnóstico de exceso de peso (sobrepeso entre 85 y 95p y obesidad ≥ 95p) y la circunferencia de cintura para obesidad abdominal (≥ 90p). HOMA-I para la resistencia a la insulina (RI) (≥ 3,16) y para las alteraciones lipídicas: colesterol total (≥ 200 mg/dL), C-HDL bajo (≤ 40 mg/dL), C-LDL alto (≥ 130 mg/dL), C no HDL (≥ 145 mg/dL) y triglicéridos (≥ 100 y 130 mg/dL) para niñas menores de 9 y de 10 a 19 años, respectivamente. Resultados. El exceso de peso se presentó mayormente en las escolares de 10 a 17 años, en las que nacieron con más de 2500 gr, con más de un antecedente familiar, con lactancia materna exclusiva y en aquellas cuyas madres no tuvieron instrucción. Las alteraciones lipídicas más frecuentes fueron hipertrigliceridemia y C-HDL bajo. El 82% presentó dislipidemia y el 55,4% de obesos RI. La obesidad abdominal estuvo asociada con los antecedentes familiares y la instrucción de la madre. Conclusión. Cuatro de cada cinco niñas con exceso de peso presentó por lo menos una alteración de los lípidos. Una de cada dos obesas tuvo RI.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the cardiovascular risk factors in overweight schoolchildren and to measure their association with sociodemographic variables. Methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study. 2001 female schoolchildren from 6 to 17 years of age from an Educational Center in Metropolitan Lima were surveyed. The Body Mass Index was used for the diagnosis of excess weight (overweight between 85 and 95p and obesity ≥ 95p) and the Waist Circumference for abdominal obesity (≥ 90p). HOMA-I for insulin resistance (≥ 3,16) and for lipid abnormalities: total cholesterol (≥ 200 mg / dL), low HDL-C (≤ 40 mg/dL), high LDL-C (≥ 130 mg / dL), non-HDL C (≥ 145 mg / dL) and triglycerides (≥ 100 and 130 mg / dL) for girls younger than 9 and 10 to 19 years old, respectively. Results. Excess weight occurred mainly in schoolgirls aged 10 to 17 years, in those who were born with more than 2500 gr, with more than one family history, with exclusive breastfeeding and in those whose mothers had no instruction. The most frequent lipid alterations were hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C. 82% had dyslipidemia and 55,4% of obese patients had insulin resistance (IR). Abdominal obesity was associated with family history and mother's instruction. Conclusion. Four out of five girls with excess weight presented at least one alteration of the lipids. One in two obese women had IR.

[Strategies used by mothers to feed preschool-aged children in a marginal urban area of Lima, Peru]. / Estrategias usadas para alimentar a niños preescolares por madres de una zona urbano marginal de Lima, Perú.

This study explored the strategies for feeding preschool-aged children used by mothers in a marginal urban area of Lima. This qualitative, grounded theory method-based study included 30 mothers who participated in 1 of 4 focus group sessions and/or 1 of 11 in-depth interviews. Previously recorded in-depth interviews and focus groups were transcribed to identify the final issues. The mothers' ages ranged from 22 to 42 years, and 60% had not completed a basic education. The children's ages ranged from 36 to 66 months. The following positive strategies were identified: a) feeding when hungry and b) management of feeding opportunities. The following negative strategies were also identified: a) forcing a child to eat and b) use of punishment or reward to encourage complete food consumption. In conclusion, the mothers in our study cohort employed both positive and negative strategies to encourage food consumption in their children.

Estrategias usadas para alimentar a niños preescolares por madres de una zona urbano marginal de Lima, Perú / Strategies used by mothers to feed preschool-aged children in a marginal urban area of Lima, Peru

RESUMEN Se exploraron las estrategias que usan las madres de una zona urbano-marginal de Lima, para alimentar a sus hijos de 36 a 66 meses de edad. Estudio cualitativo con método de teoría fundamentada realizado en 30 madres que participaron en 1 de 4 grupos focales y/o 1 de 11 entrevistas a profundidad. Las entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales, previamente grabadas, fueron transcritas para la identificación de los temas finales. La edad de las madres estuvo entre los 22 y 42 años; 60% de ellas con educación básica incompleta. Se encontraron como estrategias positivas dar de comer cuando tiene apetito y el manejo de oportunidades para dar de comer. Como estrategias negativas se encontró presionar para que coma y uso de castigo o premio para que termine su comida. Se concluye que las madres utilizaron estrategias positivas y negativas con la finalidad de que sus hijos coman toda su comida servida.

ABSTRACT This study explored the strategies for feeding preschool-aged children used by mothers in a marginal urban area of Lima. This qualitative, grounded theory method-based study included 30 mothers who participated in 1 of 4 focus group sessions and/or 1 of 11 in-depth interviews. Previously recorded in-depth interviews and focus groups were transcribed to identify the final issues. The mothers' ages ranged from 22 to 42 years, and 60% had not completed a basic education. The children's ages ranged from 36 to 66 months. The following positive strategies were identified: a) feeding when hungry and b) management of feeding opportunities. The following negative strategies were also identified: a) forcing a child to eat and b) use of punishment or reward to encourage complete food consumption. In conclusion, the mothers in our study cohort employed both positive and negative strategies to encourage food consumption in their children.

Percepciones, aspiraciones y retos sobre alimentación saludable que tienen las madres de bajo nivel socioeconómico con hijos preescolares de un distrito de Lima metropolitana / Perceptions, aspirations and challenges about healthy eating that have mothers of low socioeconomic status with preschool children in a district of metropolitan Lima

Introducción: Uno de los grandes problemas de salud en los niños es el sobrepeso y obesidad. El preescolar se encuentra todavía al cuidado de una persona adulta, que en la mayoría de las poblaciones con menores recursos económicos es la madre biológica. Objetivo: Comprender las percepciones, las aspiraciones y los retos sobre la alimentación saludable que tienen las madres de bajo nivel socioeconómico con hijos preescolares de un distrito de Lima Metropolitana. Sujetos y métodos. Enfoque cualitativo, se utilizó el método de teoría fundamentada. Participaron 30 madres con hijos en edad preescolar de bajo nivel socio-económico, en 11 entrevistas a profundidad y 4 grupos focales, todas de un Programa No Escolarizado de Educación Inicial de la comunidad Virgen de la Candelaria, perteneciente al distrito de Villa María del Triunfo. Se exploraron las categorías de percepciones, aspiraciones y retos en torno a la alimentación del preescolar. Los datos fueron analizados con el software Atlas.ti v.7, se resumió la información generando categorías para las percepciones, aspiraciones y retos. Resultados: La edad promedio de las madres fue de 30 años, el 56 por ciento tuvieron educación primaria o secundaria incompleta, promedio de estudios 7,9±3,3 años y el gasto diario fue menor a 20 nuevos soles. Las siguientes categorías emergieron sobre percepciones: las formas de preparar los alimentos para los hijos en edad preescolar, mostrando una actitud positiva hacia los métodos de preparación saludable y enfrentar al comportamiento de rechazo del niño a la hora de comer. Las aspiraciones de las madres fueron en relación a la salud y el comer bien. Los retos fueron llegar a cumplir sus aspiraciones, en donde una de las grandes preocupaciones fue afrontar la forma de llegar a que sus hijos alcancen un buen estado nutricional. Conclusiones: Las percepciones sobre alimentación fueron diversas, con aspiraciones y retos para tener niños más saludables, hecho que llevó a conocer...

Introduction: One of the major health problems in children is overweight and obesity. The preschool is still caring for an adult, which in most cases in populations with fewer economic resources is the biological mother, so it is important as perceived feeding, sucking and challenges have. Objective: This study aimed to explore the perceptions, aspirations and challenges of mothers with low socioeconomic status around feeding their children, in a district of Lima. Subjects and methods. Using qualitative methods, we conducted four focus group and 11 depth interviews in Spanish with 30 mothers of preschool-age children from low-income households in Virgen de la Candelaria, district of Villa Maria del Triunfo, Lima, Peru. The method was grounded theory. We analyzed verbatim transcripts using an inductive method of open coding, and themes were established by consensus among authors, information is summarized generating perceptions themes for each category. Results: The mothers mean age was of 30; 87 per cent were from different departments of Peru; 56 per cent had less school education; and all of them had economic availability were less than 20 soles. The following themes around perceptions, aspirations and challenges emerged: perceptions had themes about the ways of preparing food for preschool children, showing a positive attitude towards the preparation methods and address the child's behavior at mealtime. The themes that emerged on the aspirations of mothers were in relation to health and eating well. The challenges were to get to fulfill their aspirations where one of the major concerns faced was how to get your children reach a good nutritional status. Conclusions: This finding increase our understanding of perceptions, aspirations and challenges of mothers of preschoolers, and can help to inform more cultural aspects for effective nutrition interventions.

[Mother’s strategies in the feeding process of children aged 6 to 24 months in two rural communities of Lima, Peru]. / Estrategias empleadas por las madres durante el proceso de alimentación en niños de 6 a 24 meses de dos comunidades rurales de Lima, Perú.

OBJECTIVES: To know the strategies of mothers during the feeding process in children aged 6 to 24 months in two communities of Lima. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study in which 18 primiparous or multiparous mothers of children aged 6-24 months participated. We used intentional sampling by age and parity of the mother, and conducted 36 direct observations and 12 in-depth interviews. Inductive data analysis was conducted, categories were grouped by subject and technique, reaching a consensus of the themes among the authors. RESULTS: Verbal communication was markedly greater in multiparous mothers. Three major themes were found. Verbal mother-child communication, multiparous mothers were those who used affectionate words during the meal. Involvement and strategies in the feeding process was seen as characterized by encouraging the child to finish the meal with games and singing that multiparous mothers performed sometimes with help from other family members. However these results were not obtained by primiparous mothers, they usually became withdrawn upon the rejection of food. The context during eating favors whether a child will finish the meal. CONCLUSIONS: The strategies used during meal time were varied and biased, predominantly by multiparous mothers, acting in a more active and responsive way. However primiparous mothers may act in an authoritarian manner when the child gets dirty, plays and/or refuses food.

Estrategias empleadas por las madres durante el proceso de alimentación en niños de 6 a 24 meses de dos comunidades rurales de Lima, Perú / Mother's strategies in hte feeding process of children aged 6 to 24 months in two rural communities of Lima, Peru

Conocer las estrategias de la madre durante el proceso de alimentación en niños de 6 a 24 meses de dos comunidades de Lima. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo, participaron 18 madres primíparas o multíparas de niños de 6-24 meses de edad, se empleó un muestreo intencionado por edad y paridad de la madre, se realizaron 36 observaciones directas y 12 entrevistas a profundidad. Análisis de datos inductivo, las categorías se agruparon por temas y por técnica, llegando a un consenso de los temas entre autores. Resultados. La comunicación verbal se vio marcadamente más en las madres multíparas. Se encontraron tres grandes temas; comunicación verbal madre-hijo, las madres multíparas fueron quienes utilizaron palabras afectivas durante la comida. Involucramiento y estrategias para dar de comer se vio caracterizado por la animación al niño a terminar la comida mediante, juegos y cantos que mostraron las madres multíparas con ayuda, algunas veces, de otros integrantes de la familia; sin embargo, no se obtuvo los mismos resultados por parte de las madres primíparas, ellas generalmente se tornaron represivas ante el rechazo de la comida. El contexto durante la comida, favorece a que el niño termine su comida. Conclusiones. Las estrategias utilizadas durante el tiempo de comida fueron variadas y parcializadas; predominantemente para las madres multíparas, actuando de una forma más activa y responsiva, sin embargo, las madres primíparas pueden llegar a actuar de una forma autoritaria cuando el menor se ensucia, juega y/o rechaza los alimentos...

To know the strategies of mothers during the feeding process in children aged 6 to 24 months in two communities of Lima. Materials and methods. Qualitative study in which 18 primiparous or multiparous mothers of children aged 6-24 months participated. We used intentional sampling by age and parity of the mother, and conducted 36 direct observations and 12 in-depth interviews. Inductive data analysis was conducted, categories were grouped by subject and technique, reaching a consensus of the themes among the authors. Results. Verbal communication was markedly greater in multiparous mothers. Three major themes were found. Verbal mother-child communication, multiparous mothers were those who used affectionate words during the meal. Involvement and strategies in the feeding process was seen as characterized by encouraging the child to finish the meal with games and singing that multiparous mothers performed sometimes with help from other family members. However these results were not obtained by primiparous mothers, they usually became withdrawn upon the rejection of food. The context during eating favors whether a child will finish the meal. Conclusions. The strategies used during meal time were varied and biased, predominantly by multiparous mothers, acting in a more active and responsive way. However primiparous mothers may act in an authoritarian manner when the child gets dirty, plays and/or refuses food...

Influencia de la publicidad televisiva peruana en el consumo de alimentos no saludables en escolares de 4º a 6º primaria / Influence of Peruvian television advertising in unhealthy food consumption in 4th to 6th grade elementary scholars

Introducción: La exposición a la publicidad televisiva promueve el consumo de alimentos no saludables, constituyendo un riesgo para el aumento del sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la publicidad televisiva peruana en el consumo de alimentos no saludables en escolares de 4º a 6º de primaria. Diseño: Descriptivo de asociación cruzada. Lugar: Institución Educativa Nº 7072, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Escolares entre 9 y 12 años de edad. Intervenciones: Se aplicó dos encuestas previamente validadas y probadas en prueba piloto, a 120 escolares de ambos sexos que asistieron a clases y que tuvieron consentimiento informado firmado por sus padres. Principales medidas de resultados: Tiempo de ver televisión y consumo de alimentos no saludables. Resultados: Los estudiantes en promedio vieron televisión más de 7 horas diarias (DS 1,17). Los programas más vistos fueron los que estaban dirigidos a público mayor de 14 años. Los alimentos no saludables más publicitados y comprados fueron galletas y bebidas azucaradas. Se encontró asociación significativa entre alimentos no saludables más vistos en TV y consumo de alimentos no saludables. Conclusiones: Existió relación entre la publicidad televisiva y el consumo de alimentos no saludables en escolares del nivel primario.

Background: Exposure to television advertising promoting unhealthy food consumption may increase overweight and obesity risk in children. Objectives: To determine the influence of Peruvian television advertising and consumption of unhealthy foods in 4th to 6th grade children. Design: Descriptive cross-association. Setting: Educational Institution No. 7072, Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru. Participants: Schoolchildren aged 9 to 12 years. Interventions: Two previously validated tests were applied to 120 students of both sexes who attended classes and whose parents had signed informed consent. Main outcome measures: Time watching TV and unhealthy food consumption. Results: Students watched TV more than 7 hours per day (DS 1.17) average. Most popular programs were those directed to over 14 year-old public. Most unhealthy foods advertised and purchased were biscuits and sugary drinks. Significant association was found between unhealthy foods most watched by TV and unhealthy food consumption. Conclusions: There was relationship between television advertising and consumption of unhealthy foods in elementary level scholars.