RESUMO
AIM: There is published evidence that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exhibits beneficial surface characteristics by means of long-term biofilm accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare early biofilm formation on polytetrafluoroethylene, ceramic-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene and as the control group, stainless steel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised 10 healthy volunteers (5 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 27.3 ± 3.7 years. Three different slabs (two PTFE coatings: one pure and one ceramic-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene, and stainless steel) were placed in random order on a splint in the mandibular molar region. Intraoral splints were inserted for 48 h. After 48 h, we removed the slabs from the splints and stained the biofilm with a two-color fluorescence assay for bacterial viability (LIVE/DEAD BacLight-Bacterial Viability Kit 7012, Invitrogen, Mount Waverley, Australia). The amount of biofilm accumulation was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: The biofilm surface coverage was 55.8 ± 39.8% on pure PTFE-coated probes, 55.9 ± 35.0% on ceramic-reinforced PTFE-coated probes, and 33.3 ± 37.8% on stainless steel. The differences among the three groups were not significant (p = 0.301). Biofilm depth was 5.6 ± 5.4 µm on pure PTFE-coated probes, 5.2 ± 3.8 µm on ceramic-reinforced PTFE-coated probes, and 2.4 ± 2.9 µm on stainless steel. The Friedman test revealed a significant difference in biofilm depth (p = 0.002). Pairwise comparison of biofilm accumulation yielded a significant difference between pure PTFE and ceramic-reinforced PTFE compared to stainless steel (p = 0.017; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the beneficial surface characteristics of PTFE coatings by reducing long-term biofilm are not a result of inhibiting initial bacterial adhesion.
Assuntos
Bactérias/citologia , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Boca/microbiologia , Braquetes Ortodônticos/microbiologia , Politetrafluoretileno , Adulto , Aderência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Dentários/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Confocal/métodos , Boca/citologia , Valores de Referência , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
SUMMARY: Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances can cause enamel demineralization by increased biofilm adhesion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating reduces biofilm formation on orthodontic brackets. One PTFE-coated bracket and one uncoated stainless steel bracket were bonded symmetrically on the first or second (four maxillary and nine mandibular) primary molars in 13 adolescent patients (five females and eight males, aged 11.2 +/- 2.8 years; four dropouts) for 8 weeks. Quantitative biofilm formation on brackets was analysed with the Rutherford backscattering detection (RBSD) method, a scanning electron microscopy technique. A total of five RBSD micrographs were obtained per bracket with views from the buccal, mesial, distal, cervical, and occlusal aspects. A two-sided paired t-test was used to compare data. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Total biofilm formation was 4.0 +/- 3.6 per cent of the surface on the PTFE-coated brackets and 22.2 +/- 5.4 per cent on uncoated brackets. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparison of biofilm formation with respect to location (buccal, mesial, distal, cervical, and occlusal) revealed a significantly lower biofilm accumulation on PTFE-coated brackets on all surfaces. The results indicate that PTFE coating of brackets reduces biofilm adhesion to a minimum and might have the potential to reduce iatrogenic side effects, e.g. decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Braquetes Ortodônticos/microbiologia , Politetrafluoretileno/química , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente , Adolescente , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Aderência Bacteriana , Criança , Ligas Dentárias/química , Colagem Dentária , Corrosão Dentária , Elastômeros/química , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Dente Molar/anatomia & histologia , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Fios Ortodônticos , Aço Inoxidável/química , Propriedades de Superfície , Dente Decíduo/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To perform a preliminary study of the short-term effect of fixed, customized lingual orthodontic appliances on periodontal and microbial parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 20 subjects (6 males and 14 females) with a mean age of 22.3 years +/- 8.6 years. Before (T(0)) and 4 weeks after placement (T(1)) of custom-made lingual appliances on the lower teeth only, plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. A 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa ) and Porphyromonas gingivalis ( Pg ) in the crevicular fluid. To compare periodontal parameters on bonded lingual (testing) and unbonded palatal (control) and labial (control) sites between T(0) and T(1), the Wilcoxon test was applied. RESULTS: On the lingual aspects of bonded teeth, a significant increase of BOP (T(0): 23.4 +/- 22.5%; T(1): 46.2 +/- 23.5%; P = .001) and PI (T(0): 0.3 +/- 0.3; T(1): 1.0 +/- 0.7; P = .001) was observed, but no significant changes for PPD (T(0): 2.1 +/- 0.4 mm; T(1): 2.2 +/- 0.3 mm; P = .286) were found. On control sites, no significant changes were recorded for any periodontal parameter. Aa was found in 25% of the patients at baseline (5 subjects) and in 35% of the patients at T(1) (2 additional positive subjects), whereas Pg was found in 5% of the cohort at T(0) and at T(1) (same patient). CONCLUSIONS: Even in the short term, insertion of fixed lingual appliances induced a worsening of periodontal parameters restricted to bonded lingual sites.
Assuntos
Líquido do Sulco Gengival/microbiologia , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Índice Periodontal , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/instrumentação , Adolescente , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/genética , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Humanos , Masculino , Braquetes Ortodônticos , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliances can induce an increase in oral biofilm and thereby cause inflammation of the periodontal tissues. The purpose of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of clinical and microbial parameters after insertion of lingual brackets. Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and pocket probing depth (PPD) were measured in 10 adults (8 females and 2 males, aged 29.0 +/- 4.7 years) who received treatment with custom-made lingual appliances (Incognito/iBraces) before (T0) and 3 months after beginning of treatment (T1). No supportive dental prophylaxis was undertaken. In addition, a 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in the crevicular fluid. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare clinical parameters at the buccal (control) and lingual sites between T0 and T1. At T0, BOP was 12.4 +/- 8.2 per cent, PPD 2.1 +/- 0.3 mm, and PI 0.1 +/- 0.2 at the buccal sites and at T1 14.3 +/- 8.1 per cent, 2.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 0.1 +/- 0.2, respectively. At the lingual sites, BOP was 22.2 +/- 19.0 per cent, PPD 2.3 +/- 0.3 mm, and PI 0.1 +/- 0.2 at T0 and at T1 56.2 +/- 31.6 per cent, 2.9 +/- 0.3 mm, and 1.2 +/- 1.1, respectively. Differences between T0 and T1 were significant for clinical parameters only at the lingual sites. Aa was found in five patients at baseline and in four at T1, whereas Pg was found in one patient at T0 and in two at T1. Insertion of fixed lingual appliances without supportive dental prophylaxis induced a worsening of clinical parameters restricted to the lingual sites, whereas the relative prevalence of Aa and Pg remained unchanged.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/etiologia , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/microbiologia , Braquetes Ortodônticos/microbiologia , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Desenho de Aparelho Ortodôntico , Braquetes Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , RNA Bacteriano/análiseRESUMO
Insertion of fixed orthodontic appliances induces increased biofilm formation caused by a higher number of plaque-retentive sites. The purpose of the study was to perform a quantitative analysis of supra- and subgingival long-term biofilm formation on orthodontic bands. Ten patients (five females and five males, aged 18.3+/-5.4 years) who had received therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances for 24+/-9 months were enrolled in the study. Biofilm formation on 28 orthodontic bands was analyzed quantitatively with the Rutherford backscattering detection method, a scanning electron microscopy technique. The biofilm formation for the supra- and subgingival surfaces was calculated from the grey values. Statistical analysis was performed with a mixed model with the patient as the random factor. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. A biofilm was found on 16.1+/-9.2 per cent of supragingival surfaces and on 3.6+/-4.4 per cent of subgingival surfaces. Differences in biofilm formation in supra- and subgingival surfaces were statistically significant (P<0.05) and formed a distinct demarcation line. Despite the presence of supragingival biofilm, no mature subgingival biofilm was found on the tested orthodontic bands.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/classificação , Braquetes Ortodônticos/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gengiva , Hemorragia Gengival/classificação , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Índice Periodontal , Espectrometria por Raios X/métodos , Propriedades de Superfície , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A prospective randomized study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of physical therapy in addition to splint therapy on treatment outcome in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) with respect to objective and subjective parameters. Twenty-six patients suffering from an arthrogenic TMD and exhibiting a painfully restricted jaw opening were randomized in two groups. Thirteen patients were treated solely with Michigan splint (group I), 13 patients received supplementary physical therapy (group II). Before treatment a clinical examination and electronic recording of jaw movements were performed and subjective pain level was evaluated by visual analogue scales. After 3 months of therapy maintenance of improvement was evaluated. Within treatment groups comparison of data before and after treatment was analysed using Wilcoxon test. Groups were compared by Mann-Withney-U test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Compared with the baseline, in both groups mandibular movement capacity increased significantly after treatment, whereas subjective pain decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Active jaw opening increased from 28.6 +/- 5.8 to 35.9 +/- 4.8 mm in group I and from 30.1 +/- 5.4 to 40.8 +/- 4.1 mm in group II. After therapy the difference of active jaw opening between groups was significant (P < 0.05). Physical therapy also gave a supplementary improvement of protrusive mandibular movement capacity during electronic registration and subjective pain level. For none of these parameters this difference between groups was significant. Physical therapy seems to have a positive effect on treatment outcome of patients with TMD.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/terapia , Adulto , Artralgia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Movimento/fisiologia , Manipulações Musculoesqueléticas , Estudos Prospectivos , Contenções , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicações , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Biofilm formation on oral implants can cause inflammation of peri-implant tissues, which endangers the long-term success of osseointegrated implants. It has been reported previously that implants revealing signs of peri-implantitis contain subgingival microbiota similar to those of natural teeth with periodontitis. The purpose of the first part of this study was an atraumatic, quantitative investigation of biofilm formation on oral implant abutments; the objective of the second part was to investigate whether Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were present in the crevicular fluid around oral implants. Biofilm formation on 14 healing abutments, inserted for 14 days in 10 patients, was analysed quantitatively by use of secondary-electron and Rutherford-backscattering-detection methods. A 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction detection method was used to detect the presence of H. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in the crevicular fluid. For this investigation, samples of sulcus fluid were collected with sterile paper points at four measurement points per abutment. The difference between biofilm coverage of supragingival surfaces (17.5 +/- 18.3%) and subgingival surfaces (0.8 +/- 1.0%) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). By use of universal primers, bacteria were found in all the samples taken, although the two periodontal pathogens were not found in any of the samples. The absence of periodontal pathogens from the sulcus fluid during initial bacterial colonization, despite massive supragingival biofilm formation, substantiates the assumption that cellular adherence of peri-implant tissue by means of hemidesmosoma, actin filaments and microvilli reduces the risk of formation of anaerobic subgingival pockets.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Dente Suporte/microbiologia , Feminino , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/microbiologia , Haemophilus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
It has never been investigated, if mandibular movements of patients with craniomandibular disorders (CMD) result in a lower reproducibility of dynamic functional parameters which are used for the individual articulator setting. The aim of the present study was to compare the reproducibility of electronically registered functional parameters in patients with CMD and in a control group. Dynamic functional parameters were recorded in 30 patients and 30 volunteers with a computerized ultrasound system (ARCUSdigma). The whole registration was performed three times during one session and three times at a second session 1 week later. The horizontal condylar inclination in the patient group gave a standard deviation of 2.17 degrees +/- 0.95 degrees , indicating poorer reproducibility than in the volunteer group, for which the standard deviation was 1.37 degrees +/- 0.42 degrees . The reproducibility of measurements of the Bennett angle was also poorer in the patient group than in the volunteer group, with standard deviations of 1.70 degrees +/- 0.62 degrees and 1.22 degrees +/- 0.40 degrees , respectively. The standard deviations calculated for determination of incisal inclination during laterotrusion was 3.02 degrees +/- 1.49 degrees for patients and 2.30 degrees +/- 1.17 degrees for volunteers. The standard deviations for incisal inclination during protrusion was 2.02 degrees +/- 0.95 degrees for patients and 2.06 degrees +/- 1.82 degrees for volunteers. The reproducibility of measurement of horizontal condylar inclination, Bennett angle and incisal inclination during laterotrusion therefore showed significantly lower reproducibility in the patient group than in the volunteer group (P < 0.05). The overall reproducibility of the measurements was nevertheless good in both groups, with standard deviations under 3.1 degrees , so that an individual setting of an articulator seems useful even in patients with CMD.