RESUMO
We describe the case of a 70-year-old never smoker with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, treated with single agent ibrutinib therapy. Chest imaging noted nodular change and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, which showed avid uptake on positron emission tomography and guided subsequent biopsies (bronchoscopy using endobronchial ultrasound, mediastinoscopy). Despite negative aspergillus blood immunology tests, he was found to have invasive aspergillosis, which is a known risk with ibrutinib therapy. He has since been successfully treated with antifungal therapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Idoso , Antifúngicos , Broncoscopia/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Mediastinoscopia/métodos , Mediastino/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , PiperidinasAssuntos
COVID-19 , Fibrose Pulmonar , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pandemias , Fibrose Pulmonar/terapia , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Exantema , Aminofenóis , Benzodioxóis , Fibrose Cística/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Indóis , Pirazóis , Piridinas , Pirrolidinas , QuinolonasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study explores whether the prognosis of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) has improved over time and assesses the potential influence of drug therapy in a large multicentre UK network. METHODS: We analysed data from 18 UK centres on patients meeting criteria for both RA and ILD diagnosed over a 25-year period. Data included age, disease duration, outcome and cause of death. We compared all cause and respiratory mortality between RA controls and RA-ILD patients, assessing the influence of specific drugs on mortality in four quartiles based on year of diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 290 RA-ILD patients were identified. All cause (respiratory) mortality was increased at 30% (18%) compared with controls 21% (7%) (P =0.02). Overall, prognosis improved over quartiles with median age at death rising from 63 years to 78 years (P =0.01). No effect on mortality was detected as a result of DMARD use in RA-ILD. Relative risk (RR) of death from any cause was increased among patients who had received anti-TNF therapy [2.09 (1.1-4.0)] P =0.03, while RR was lower in those treated with rituximab [0.52(0.1-2.1)] or mycophenolate [0.65 (0.2-2.0)]. Patients receiving rituximab as their first biologic had longer three (92%), five (82%) and seven year (80%) survival than those whose first biologic was an anti-TNF agent (82%, 76% and 64%, respectively) (P =0.037). DISCUSSION: This large retrospective multicentre study demonstrates survival of patients with RA-ILD has improved. This may relate to the increasing use of specific immunosuppressive and biologic agents.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antirreumáticos/efeitos adversos , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Causas de Morte , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Sarcoidosis remains difficult to diagnose, assess and treat. The last decade has brought significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the field of sarcoidosis including endobronchial ultrasound, F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and biologics. In this article we use clinical vignettes to discuss commonly encountered cases to illustrate and explain the application of these, and other advances.
Assuntos
Sarcoidose Pulmonar , Sarcoidose , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico , Sarcoidose/terapia , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/terapiaRESUMO
A 43-year-old non-smoker was referred with a 3-month history of malaise, fatigue and breathlessness. Blood avian precipitins were strongly positive. Lung function testing confirmed a restrictive pattern with impaired gas transfer. A 'ground glass' mosaic pattern was seen on CT imaging, suggestive of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Although he had no pet birds, on closer questioning he had recently acquired a duvet and pillows containing feathers. His symptoms, chest radiograph and lung function tests improved after removal of all feather bedding, and he was also started on oral corticosteroid therapy. Our case reinforces the importance of taking a meticulous exposure history and asking about domestic bedding in patients with unexplained breathlessness. Prompt recognition and cessation of antigen exposure may prevent the development of irreversible lung fibrosis.
Assuntos
Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho/efeitos adversos , Pulmão do Criador de Aves/diagnóstico , Plumas/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Pulmão do Criador de Aves/etiologia , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Diagnóstico Tardio , Dispneia/etiologia , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Anamnese , Testes de Função RespiratóriaAssuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Laticínios , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Política , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Fluoxetina/efeitos adversos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Falência Renal Crônica , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Lung infections with Mycobacterium abscessus, a species of multidrug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria, are emerging as an important global threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), in whom M. abscessus accelerates inflammatory lung damage, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Previously, M. abscessus was thought to be independently acquired by susceptible individuals from the environment. However, using whole-genome analysis of a global collection of clinical isolates, we show that the majority of M. abscessus infections are acquired through transmission, potentially via fomites and aerosols, of recently emerged dominant circulating clones that have spread globally. We demonstrate that these clones are associated with worse clinical outcomes, show increased virulence in cell-based and mouse infection models, and thus represent an urgent international infection challenge.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/microbiologia , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/classificação , Animais , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/patologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/transmissão , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Fibrose Cística/patologia , Genoma Bacteriano , Genômica , Humanos , Incidência , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos SCID , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/transmissão , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/patologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/transmissão , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
We present details of a man who was originally diagnosed with sarcoidosis, based on a combination of nodal granulomatous inflammation and radiology confirming bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with pulmonary infiltrates. The patient subsequently developed splenomegaly and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and, latterly, a severe cavitating pneumonia. Serum immunoglobulins were checked, confirming panhypogammaglobulinaemia, and his diagnosis was revised to common variable immune deficiency (CVID). CVID is a heterogeneous condition, which can mimic sarcoidosis with granulomatous organ involvement and is commonly complicated by autoimmune disorders, including ITP. Prompt recognition is important to allow early introduction of immunoglobulin replacement therapy to decrease infection frequency, reduce development of secondary disease complications and retard progression of tissue damage. Given the potential for misdiagnosis and delay in recognition of CVID, serum immunoglobulin measurement should be a first-line investigation in patients with suspected sarcoidosis, even if the presentation is 'typical'. Current international sarcoidosis guidelines should be revised accordingly.
Assuntos
Agamaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/diagnóstico , Erros de Diagnóstico , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico , Adulto , Agamaglobulinemia/sangue , Agamaglobulinemia/complicações , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/sangue , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/complicações , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/complicações , Humanos , Doenças Linfáticas/complicações , Masculino , Esplenomegalia/complicações , Trombocitopenia/complicaçõesAssuntos
Calcinose/diagnóstico , Condroma/diagnóstico , Leiomiossarcoma/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Paraganglioma Extrassuprarrenal/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Biópsia , Calcinose/complicações , Condroma/complicações , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Leiomiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Paraganglioma Extrassuprarrenal/diagnóstico , Radiografia Torácica , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/economia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Piridonas/economia , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We present a case of cardiac sarcoidosis of insidious onset mimicking arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Our patient initially presented with systemic sarcoidosis but later developed palpitations. The similarity in clinical presentation and cardiac magnetic resonance findings in both conditions posed a challenge in differentiating between the two in the absence of histological diagnosis. We highlighted the role of positron emission tomography in aiding a diagnosis.
Assuntos
Displasia Arritmogênica Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Sarcoidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The frequencies of various causes of pulmonary granulomas in pathological material are unknown, as is the influence of geographical location on aetiology. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of pulmonary granulomas in pathological specimens, to define their frequencies, and to determine whether these causes vary by geographical location. METHODS: 500 lung biopsies and resections containing granulomas were reviewed retrospectively by expert pulmonary pathologists from 10 institutions in seven countries. Fifty consecutive cases from each location were assigned a diagnosis based on histological features and available clinical/microbiological data. RESULTS: A specific cause was identified in 58% of cases (290/500), most commonly sarcoidosis (136, 27%) and mycobacterial or fungal infections (125, 25%). Mycobacteria were identified in 19% of cases outside the USA versus 8% within the USA. In contrast, fungi accounted for 19% cases in the USA versus 4% in other locations. Fungi were mostly detected by histology, whereas most mycobacteria were identified in cultures. In 42% of cases (210/500) an aetiology could not be determined. CONCLUSIONS: Across several geographical settings, sarcoidosis and infections are the most common causes of pulmonary granulomas diagnosed in pathological specimens. Fungi are more commonly identified than mycobacteria in the USA, whereas the reverse is true in other countries. A definite aetiology cannot be demonstrated in more than a third of all cases of pulmonary granulomas, even after histological examination. These findings highlight the need to submit material for histology as well as cultures in all cases in which granulomatous disease enters the differential diagnosis.
Assuntos
Granuloma/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Características de Residência , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ásia/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Granuloma/epidemiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Incidência , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Sarcoidose Pulmonar/patologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to report the features of five patients with concurrent histopathological features of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and their high-resolution CT (HRCT) appearances. METHODS: Patients with histopathological features of both HP and PAP on surgical lung biopsy referred for tertiary review were retrospectively identified. The pathology and HRCT images were semi-quantitatively scored to evaluate the relative contribution to HP and PAP. RESULTS: Five patients had histopathological features of HP and PAP but had varied HRCT appearances. All had imaging features of PAP to a varying degree with two patients also showing characteristics of HP but three patients had ill-defined thickened interlobular septa, not typical of either disease. CONCLUSIONS: We describe the coexistence of PAP and HP in five patients and discuss possible linkages between these two distinct pathologies.